Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Intellectual Capital (IC) refers to the intangible assets--such as knowledge, skills, relationships, and organizational processes--that contribute significantly to a company's value and performance. Though not reflected in traditional financial statements, IC has emerged as a critical driver in today's knowledge-based economy. The study explores the concept, components, and importance of IC, with a focus on companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Based on secondary data, the study examines how these firms measure, report, and manage IC, which is broadly categorized into three components: Human Capital, Structural Capital, and Relational Capital. As globalization and technological advancements intensify market competition, intangible assets like IC have become essential for gaining a sustainable advantage. The research aims to understand existing models of IC measurement, evaluate the IC performance of selected BSE-listed companies, and rank them based on their IC scores. Highlighting the growing recognition of IC in Indian businesses, the study underscores the need for better frameworks to value and disclose these assets. This work contributes to enhancing awareness about the strategic importance of Intellectual Capital in business valuation and long-term competitiveness.

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Intellectual Capital, Structural Capital, Human Capital, BSE Listed Companies, VAIC Model,Intangible Assets,IC Efficiency

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The current project aims to investigate the potential of sustainable alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by partially replacing it with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), both of which are widely available industrial and agricultural by-products. Specifically, the study focuses on developing and testing concrete in which 40% of the OPC is replaced--20% with Fly Ash and 20% with RHA--while the remaining 60% retains conventional cement. This approach not only seeks to reduce the dependency on cement, which is known for its high carbon emissions during production, but also to utilize materials that are often treated as waste, thereby contributing to environmental conservation and resource efficiency. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether this blended concrete mix can match or exceed the performance of standard M20 grade OPC concrete in terms of mechanical strength and workability. A series of concrete specimens were prepared following IS code guidelines, using consistent mix proportions and locally sourced aggregates. Three main types of mechanical tests were performed: compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days; split tensile strength; and flexural strength at 28 days. All specimens were subjected to water curing, and no chemical activators or admixtures were used, making the process simpler and more suitable for rural or low-resource settings. Fly Ash, a fine powder by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants, and RHA, produced by controlled burning of rice husks, both possess pozzolanic properties that enhance the long-term strength and durability of concrete. Their inclusion not only aids in reducing the environmental footprint of construction materials but also offers an efficient method of waste management. Moreover, the proposed mix shows potential in cost reduction by decreasing the quantity of cement required, which is especially beneficial for developing countries where infrastructure growth is high and budget constraints are common. This project contributes meaningfully to global sustainability efforts and is closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by introducing environmentally responsible materials into mainstream construction; SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by encouraging the development of resilient and cost-effective infrastructure; and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by addressing carbon emissions from cement usage and promoting the use of waste-derived alternatives. Overall, the findings from this project are expected to provide a practical foundation for future research and application of green concrete technology in the construction industry.

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Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Industrial By-products, Agricultural Waste.

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Chalcogenide semiconductor thin films, comprising elements from Group VI (S, Se, Te) and Groups IV-VI metals (e.g., Cd, Pb, Sn, In, Cu, Ga), have gained immense attention for their versatile optical and electrical properties. These materials exhibit a tunable band gap, high absorption coefficients, and cost-effective fabrication, making them suitable for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, photo detectors, thermoelectric, and phase-change memory devices. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis techniques, structural and optoelectronic properties, and emerging applications of key chalcogenide thin films such as CdSe, CdTe, SnS, CuInSe?, and GeTe. Emphasis is placed on how doping, nanostructuring, and fabrication processes influence film characteristics and performance. The review concludes with current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field.

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Chalcogenide thin films, semiconductor, CdSe, SnS, CuInSe?, photovoltaics, thermoelectric, doping, chemical synthesis, band gap engineering

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ABSTRACT: 1. Background of the study: Patients diagnosed with lung cancer often face a multitude of challenges, including not only the physical burden of disease and its treatment, but also severe psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and a reduced quality of life. Nurse-led interventions have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer care. Nurses, being at the forefront of patient interaction, play a pivotal role in health education, symptom management, emotional support, and continuity of care. Nurse-led care can significantly improve adherence to treatment, enhance symptom control, and reduce psychological distress among cancer patients.2 Objectives: The objective of the study was To assess the level of clinical and psychological parameters of patients suffering with Lung Cancer in the experimental group and control group, to evaluate the effectiveness of Nurse Led Interventions on clinical and psychological parameters of patients suffering with Lung Cancer in experimental group, to compare the pre-test and post-test score on the level of clinical and psychological parameters of patients suffering with Lung Cancer in experimental group and control group, to determine the correlation between pre-test level of clinical and psychological parameters of patients suffering with Lung Cancer in experimental group and control group and to find out the association of pre-test level of clinical and psychological parameters with their selected socio-demographic variables of experimental group and control group. Methodology: An evaluative study was conducted among 20 Patients suffering with lung cancer of HCG Cancer Hospital Hubballi, Redon Cancer Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka cancer research institution, Hubballi. Non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The research design used for the study was Quasi-experimental, Non-equivalent Pre-test Post-test Control group design. Results: The study results revealed that, there is statistically significant difference in clinical parameter scores in the experimental group, but not in the control group. The psychological parameter scores improved significantly in the experimental group only. A significant correlation exists between clinical and psychological parameters in the experimental group. Some socio-demographic variables were significantly associated with the pre-test levels of clinical & psychological parameters. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Information education communication approach was effective in terms of gain in knowledge scores of the subjects regarding nurse-led interventions led to a significant and sustained reduction in quality of life among lung cancer patients, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Key words: Lung cancer, nurse-led interventions, Clinical parameter, Breathing difficulty, Fatigue, Pain, psychological parameters, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life and Effectiveness.

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Lung cancer, nurse-led interventions, Clinical parameter, Breathing difficulty, Fatigue, Pain, psychological parameters, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life and Effectiveness.

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My favorite collection of stories is 'Motherhood Observations'

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My favorite collection of stories is 'Motherhood Observations'

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Abstract Introduction: Reproductive health is an essential aspect of human well-being that includes the rights, choices, and intended results related to reproduction. Aim: The main objective of the study is to study the reproductive health status and to find out the awareness of reproductive health among the individuals. Methods: The study was done in Bedangpaju village of Kandhamal district. Cross-sectional study of village women's reproductive health. The data was collected among 162 married women . Using random sampling, data were collected. Reproductive health was assessed using a questionnaire. Surveys collected data. MS Excel means and percentage functions performed statistical analysis. Results: A study in Bedangpaju village, Kandhamal district, found that premature childbirth is common, with factors like self-interest and family pressure contributing. Traditional therapeutic approaches are preferred, and 82 individuals showed an increasing older population, emphasizing the need for customized healthcare services. Conclusion: The study on reproductive health in Bedangpaju village highlights challenges, traditional methods, and need for inclusive education. It emphasizes the importance of consistent menstrual cycles, nutritious diets, and targeted interventions.

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Reproductive health, Pregnancy, miscarriage, Menstrual, Menopause

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This study explores the practices, challenges, and effectiveness of Human Resource Management (HRM) and Payroll Management at Oscar Infrastructure, a growing player in the construction and infrastructure development sector. The research aims to evaluate how HRM functions--such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and employee engagement-- are integrated with payroll systems to ensure operational efficiency, legal compliance, and employee satisfaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, including employee surveys, interviews with HR personnel, and analysis of payroll processes, the study identifies key areas of strength such as digital integration and timely disbursement, as well as areas for improvement, including transparency, policy communication, and workforce planning. Findings suggest that while Oscar Infrastructure has implemented foundational HR and payroll systems, greater investment in automation, data analytics, and employee self-service platforms could enhance overall productivity and organizational climate. The study concludes with recommendations to align HRM strategies with long-term business goals and to modernize payroll practices to better serve a growing and diverse workforce.

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Payroll processing, Employee relations, Performance management, Recruiting, Onboarding, Benefits administration, Compensation

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In India the logistics sector depends mainly on its truck drivers--individuals , who work long hours under often difficult and stressful conditions. This study explores the occupational stress and mental well-being of truck drivers at Exim Logistics, a logistics company operating across eastern and central India. We have conducted necessary surveys and interviews with 75 drivers, we also examined the sources of stress continuing with them , impact of stress on their personal and professional lives, It is observed Exim's interventions like health camps and family-focused programs . Our overall experience and results show improved retention reduced stress-related absenteeism and better confidence, Observations taken on how HR-led strategies can make a meaningful difference.

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occupational stress, truck drivers, mental health, Indian logistics, Exim Logistics, employee wellness, HR practices

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Contract farming has emerged as a significant model of agricultural commercialization in India, offering small farmers an opportunity to link directly with agribusiness firms and organized markets. This study explores the extent, patterns, and socio-economic impact of contract farming on smallholders in Baghpat district, Uttar Pradesh. It investigates how contractual arrangements influence farmers' income, cropping choices, standard of living, and access to inputs and markets. Additionally, the study examines the types of companies involved, the nature of contracts offered, and the benefits and challenges experienced by farmers under such agreements. Through field-level surveys and interviews with 200 small farmers, the study captures qualitative and quantitative insights into contract farming's role in transforming rural livelihoods. Special attention is given to variations based on age, caste, and education, to understand the inclusivity and equity of such models. The research highlights that while contract farming can provide benefits such as assured pricing, input support, and technical guidance, farmers often face challenges related to delayed payments, lack of written agreements, and limited legal awareness. The findings suggest that although contract farming has the potential to enhance rural development, its success depends on fair contractual practices, effective grievance redressal mechanisms, and policy support to protect smallholders' interests. The study recommends strengthening legal frameworks, promoting written contracts, forming farmer producer organizations (FPOs), and enhancing legal literacy among farmers. By focusing on the case of Baghpat, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of contract farming's viability as a tool for inclusive agricultural growth.

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Contract farming, small farmers, Baghpat, socio-economic impact, primary data, agriculture.

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Introduction :-The most common refractive error in childhood is hyperopia. The term hyperopia refers to the refractive condition of the eye where parallel light rays coming from the infinity are focused behind the neurosensory retina (after refraction through the ocular media ) when accommodation is at rest. Individuals with uncorrected hyperopia may experience symptoms such as blurred vision, asthenopia (e.g., headaches and eyestrain) while reading, accommodative/binocular dysfunction, amblyopia, and/or strabismus Aim :- To evaluate the efficacy of tarpan and nasya procedures along with internal use of ras aushadi in the treatment of hyperopia. Method and materials:- A 12 years old female approached OPD no.4 , shalakya tantra ,DY PATIL SCHOOL OF AYURVEDA, NAVI MUMBAI, complaining of blurring vision of distance and near vision since 2years.She was assessed with retinoscopy and fundoscopy .Ayurvedic local kriyakalp procedures done along with oral intake of ras aushadis. Result: After 3 months of treatment showed significant improvement in vision. Conclusion: .Hence it can be said that Ayurvedic medicine and procedures can be useful in the management of hyperopia and refractive error.

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Hyperopia, ras aushadi ,tarpan, refractive error

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Swami Vivekananda Ke Chintan Mein Karmayoga

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Swami Vivekananda Ke Chintan Mein Karmayoga

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a robust and scalable solution for providing broadband wireless connectivity. However, challenges such as dynamic topology, interference, routing complexity, and scalability persist. Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its capabilities in learning, prediction, and optimization, offers novel solutions to enhance the performance of WMNs. This article reviews the integration of AI techniques--such as machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and fuzzy logic--into various layers of WMNs, including routing, channel allocation, traffic prediction, security, and fault management. In the field of Computer Networks, a Mesh Network is one of the revolutionary concepts for communication and data transmission in a set of various nodes. The Mesh Network is a decentralized communication system that is used for data transmission and data collection In this approach the nodes are directly connected, where there is the dynamic web interconnections among them, and the transmission takes place.

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WMN, GEN-AI,WSN, ML, DL, Fuzzy Logic, K-NN etc

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As our lives become more intertwined with digital technologies, we leave behind extensive online footprints--everything from social media posts to cloud files--that often linger even after we pass away. The idea of a digital afterlife revolves around how this data and our digital personas continue to exist, are managed, or even "live on" after we're gone. Research and industry activity are increasingly showing that many users are either unaware of or unprepared for their digital legacies. Meanwhile, new technologies like AI chatbots, avatars, and holograms are emerging, claiming to simulate or preserve the essence of the deceased through their data. These advancements bring about a host of legal, ethical, and emotional challenges: ownership of data is often murky since platforms typically hold the rights to the content, and while some may find comfort in interacting with a "digital ghost," for others, it can intensify their grief. This paper delves into the literature surrounding the digital afterlife, exploring technical solutions, user behaviors, legal frameworks (like RUFADAA and GDPR), cultural perspectives, and management strategies. We conducted a thorough literature review of academic articles, industry reports, news pieces, and legal analyses. Our findings reveal a disconnect between the growing number of digital estates and current estate-planning practices, highlighting the urgent need for clear policies, ethical guidelines, and increased public awareness. We propose a framework for managing digital assets, emphasizing the roles of individuals (like digital wills and executors), platforms, and regulators in protecting posthumous digital legacies.

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Digital Afterlife, Digital Legacy, Data Management, Estate Planning, Online Inheritance, Posthumous Privacy.

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Data privacy is of great concern as fintech grows because financial information is sensitive, and the number of digital transactions is increasing. This paper puts in comparison the three prime data protection models which are the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU, the Digital Personal Data protection (DPDP) Act in India and the United States sector-specific legislation including HIPAA and CCPA. It studies the implications of such models of laws on the design of IT systems in fintech platforms and data architecture. GDPR is rights, rights based, and extraterritorial in nature, as well as global in scope, implying especially rigid adherence to its requirements even on the part of U.S. companies. India DPDP is based on some principles of the GDPR but incorporates such specific requirements as presumed consent and child data protection. Conversely, the U.S. does not have a single law, and therefore there are scattered compliance strategies. In this paper, it has been indicated that despite the laws gaining more transparency, privacy policies are more extensive and difficult to comprehend. To designers of IT systems, this will entail a complex regulatory environment that will require solid principles, such as Privacy by Design, routine Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) and applications of technologies, including blockchain, to achieve better accountability. The study says that adaptive and privacy-oriented design of systems is necessary in order to address the compliance requirements of different people across the globe and various enforcement issues that are dynamic.

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Data Privacy, Fintech, GDPR, DPDP, U.S. Privacy Laws.

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This research paper critically examines the transformative role of the Digital India initiative in promoting and developing rural tourism across India. It analyzes how enhanced digital infrastructure, widespread digital literacy, and the proliferation of digital payment systems are addressing long-standing challenges in rural tourism, such as inadequate connectivity, limited marketing reach, and insufficient financial inclusion. Through an exploration of key Digital India pillars and specific e-tourism initiatives, alongside illustrative case studies, the paper demonstrates the significant socio-economic potential unlocked by digital interventions. It also identifies persistent challenges, including the digital divide and cybersecurity concerns, offering strategic policy recommendations to foster sustainable and inclusive growth in India's rural tourism sector

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Digital India, Rural Tourism, India, Digital Transformation, E-Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Economic Development, Connectivity, Digital Literacy, UPI, Online Platforms.

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Soul Support is an innovative platform designed to help individuals overcome mental health challenges by offering personalized therapeutic resources. The platform leverages advanced AI technologies, including a chatbot and voice assistant, enabling users to communicate their mental health concerns and receive real-time support. Key features include music therapy, access to mental health literature, and therapist booking services, providing a comprehensive approach to mental wellness. The platform also fosters a supportive community where users can connect, share experiences, and find encouragement from others facing similar struggles. Privacy is a priority, with all user data being securely encrypted and managed. This report explores the architecture, technologies, and security features of Soul Support, highlighting potential areas for future growth and academic exploration.

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Mental Health, Soul Support, AI Chatbot, Music Therapy, Therapist Booking, Data Privacy, Mental Well-being.

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Asthma is a common disease worldwide with significant ethnic and regional variations. Asthma is known by various terms as Zeeq un nafs, ribw, bo?r and dama in Unani system of medicine. It is a chronic inflammatory paroxysmal disease characterized by spastic contraction of smooth muscles in bronchioles, which can cause extreme difficulty in breathing. An increasing morbidity and mortality, as well as health care burden from asthma have been recognized lately. Several evidence-based guidelines have been developed with an aim to standardize and improve the quality of management. These guidelines seek to translate the advances in the understanding of pathogenesis of asthma and in the development of new agents and strategies into practical application at all levels of healthcare. These advocate an assessment of the patients to classify the severity of diseases followed by a stepwise approach to treatment. With the current management we hope to achieve minimum or nil day time and night time symptoms, prevent acute exacerbations and attain normal or near normal lung function, thus improving the overall quality of life. The results are attributed to the herbal drugs which not only provide symptom relief but also correct the airway hyper-responsiveness and correct the histopathological changes induced by asthma.

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Asthma, Etiologies, Prevention and managements, Herbal drugs and treatment

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STEAM Education is an integrated learning approach that combines Science, Technology, Education, Art, and Mathematics. It emphasizes interdisciplinary learning. A hands-on activity is a method of instruction in which students actively and physically work with objects, equipment, or real-world tasks to understand ideas or find solutions. This paper explores the importance of Hands-on activities and STEAM Education, the intersection between hands-on activities and STEAM education, highlighting how experiential learning methods enhance student engagement, academic performance, learning outcomes, problem-solving skills, and interdisciplinary understanding. This paper explores the convergence of hands-on activities with STEAM education using a secondary data analysis approach. Drawing on an extensive review of current literature, the study highlights how tactile, experiential learning aligns seamlessly with interdisciplinary education, fostering critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and deeper conceptual understanding among students. The research investigates how hands-on practices enrich learning experiences across scientific experimentation, technological application, engineering design, artistic expression, and mathematical reasoning. Furthermore, it identifies the systemic and practical challenges faced in implementing such integrated approaches, including limited resources, inadequate teacher training, and assessment limitations. The paper concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of hands-on STEAM pedagogies in nurturing 21st-century skills, offering theoretical insights and practical implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers.

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STEAM Education, Hands-on Activities, Interdisciplinary Learning, Educational Innovation

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Abstract: The present study focuses on the optimization and standardization of a polyherbal anticancer tablet formulation using three medicinal plants: Aloe vera, Bloodroot, and Ginger, selected for their known anticancer properties. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds in the plant extracts. The physical properties of the tablet granules, including angle of repose, bulk density, Hausner ratio, and compressibility index, indicated good flow characteristics. Tablets demonstrated uniformity in weight, adequate hardness, mechanical stability, and appropriate disintegration times within pharmacopoeial limits. Stability studies over three months showed no significant deviations in key parameters, confirming the formulation's stability. Acute toxicity tests, conducted in line with WHO and OECD guidelines, indicated high LD50 values, affirming the safety of the plant extracts. The in vivo anticancer activity was tested at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg, with histopathological studies revealing the effect on solid tumors in various tissues. The polyherbal tablet formulation, developed on a laboratory scale, shows promise as a stable, cost- effective dosage form for potential use in cancer management, combining traditional medicinal knowledge with modern pharmaceutical techniques.

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Bloodroot, Aloe vera, Ginger, Polyherbal

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Axone is a traditional fermented soybean product that is widely consumed by various tribes in Nagaland, India. This study conducted an extensive survey of nineteen tribes resident in Nagaland to investigate the different methods of axone preparation and preservation. The tribes included in the survey were Ao, Angami, Chakhesang, Chang, Chirr, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Makuri, Pochury, Phom, Rengma, Rongmei, Sangtam, Sumi, Tikhir, Yimchunger, Zemi, and Kuki. The study found that each tribe has its own vernacular name for axone and slight variations in the preparation methods, such as the use of different types of soybean seeds, soaking duration, cooking time, and wrapping leaves. The traditional method involves soaking the soybean seeds, cooking them until soft, wrapping the cooked beans in leaves like banana, Phrynium pubinerve, or Macaranga indica, and allowing them to ferment near a fireplace for several days. Factors affecting the fermentation process include the duration of keeping the wrapped beans near the fire, the total fermentation time, and additional techniques to delay deterioration. The final product is either consumed fresh, dried, or stored for later use. The survey revealed that axone preparation is an indigenous practice that has been passed down through generations without the use of starter cultures or modern technological inputs. The skills required for preparation are not sophisticated, and production is limited to household scale. This study provides valuable insights into the diverse methods of axone preparation across different Naga tribes and highlights the cultural significance of this traditional fermented food.

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Axone, Fermented soybean, Traditional food, Nagaland, - Naga tribes, Fermentation process, Indigenous Practice

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