Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to develop simple, rapid, isocratic, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the quantitative estimation of Pimobendan in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using column Reprosil BDS C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5?m) and mobile phase containing ratio of 0.1% triethylamine (TEA) in water (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid): acetonitrile (60:40% v/v), at a flow rate 0.7 ml/min using UV detector at 330 nm. Diluent used was acetonitrile: water in the ratio of 80:20% v/v. The retention time of Pimobendan was found to be 7.37 minutes. The reliability and analytical performance of proposed HPLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and quantification. Linearity for Pimobendan was observed in the range of 2-20 ?g/mL, with correlation coefficient 0.9998. All the other parameters were found to be within prescribed limits. The developed HPLC method was found to be rapid, sensitive and precise for estimation of Pimobendan in tablet dosage form.

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Pimobendan, Method development, Method validation, RP-HPLC.

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Energy change will be explained by ternary(0,1,2) algebra

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Energy change

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In the new economy, microfinance is becoming a potent tool for eradicating poverty. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) - Bank Linkage Programme, which aims to provide a cost-effective framework for providing financial services to the 'unreached poor', dominates the microfinance industry in India. According to research, people who receive microloans gradually raise their income and assets, extend the number of years their children spend in school, and enhance their families' nutrition and health. Private Microfinance Institutions' reach is limited in comparison to the larger SHG bank linkage movement in India because SHGs open bank accounts with either commercial banks, regional rural banks, or cooperative societies. However, it has been observed that many microfinance organizations are now non-bank financial institutions (NBFCs). The way microfinance is evolving in India seems to be a good thing for the sector's capacity to draw in more funding and broaden its reach.

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Self-help groups, micro finance, women empowerment

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few wearable technologies that take advantage of on-body acceleration sensors have been put forth to identify Freezing of Gait (FoG) in Parkinson Disease (PD) patients. These devices produce a series of rhythmic stimuli in response to the detection of a FoG event, enabling the patient to resume the march. Although these methods work well at identifying FoG occurrences, they cannot foresee FoG in order to stop it from happening. To bridge the gap, a machine learning-based method for classifying accelerometer data from Parkinson's disease patients is presented in this study. It can identify a pre-FOG phase, which helps to further predict the onset of FoG ahead of time. Three tri-axial accelerometer sensors--one each on the back, hip, and ankle--were used to track the subject's gait. The raw accelerometer data was then windowed and non-linear dimensionality reduced to extract gait features. Three groups of events (pre-FoG, no-FoG, and FoG) were utilized to categorize gait using the k-nearest neighbor method (k-NN). The suggested solution's accuracy was evaluated against cutting-edge methods. Our research demonstrated that: (i) we were able to detect FoG with performances that were better than those of the state-of-the-art methods; (ii) we were able to predict FoG by identifying the pre-FoG events with an average sensitivity and specificity of, respectively, 94.1% and 97.1%; and (iii) our algorithm could be used on devices with limited resources for the first time in the literature. upcoming uses comprise

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freezing of gait, wearable device, accelerometer, explainable machine learning, classification

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Abstract- Man has sought out plants with medicinal properties since time immemorial. Knowledge of plants and knowledge of healing diseases have been intimately linked from the time of men earliest social and cultural groupings. This can be by the thousand year old traditions and records popular healing. Herbal medicines doubtlessly are a vital part of our natural and medical heritage.

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Medicine, Herbs, Diseases, Medicinal properties.

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Asthma is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide and is characterised by variable airflow obstruction, causing dyspnoea and wheezing.. Asthma is an episodic disease manifested clinically by paroxysms of dyspnoea, chest tightness with wheezing sound and coughing particularly at night or early morning. Asthma is associated with mast cells, eosinophils and T Lymphocytes. According to ayurveda it is analogous to "Tamaka Swasa." There are five classes of Swasa: Kshudra, Tamaka, Chhinna, Maha and Urdhava. Tamaka Swasa is a type of Swasa Roga affecting the Pranavaha Srotas and characterized by prolonged expiration, wheeze, dyspnoea of exceedingly deep velocity, which is immensely injurious to life. Vata moving in the reverse order pervades the channels (of vital breath), afflicts the neck and head, and stimulates Kapha (phlegm) to cause Margavarodha (blockage of respiratory passage) by producing broncho constriction.

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Kshudra, Tamaka, Chinna, Maha, Urdhava, Vata, Kapha, Margavarodha

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Social media is one of the most important roles to establish new social communication by modern information technology between friends, family, and people. Allah who has created all human being in the world; all thing of the world has been created for human's welfare, His aim of creatures was that all human being will worship Him, one of the most worships is to help another anyway, for example, It will be helped by technology in the modern era. This study has the goal of promoting the role of social media in Muslim society. Also how it is used based on Islam and social welfare. The study found that in the case of Da'wah, all prophets didn't use the same tools and technique. Based on different environment and situation, they used different tools and techniques for Da'wah. In the era of modern science, when people are addicted to material goods, services and consumption, it is not so easy to make them return to an invisible world i.e. to Deein and Aakherat. That is way modern IT equipment can be a more effective tool for Islamic Da'wah. The social media such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Skype, Linkdln, Google+, Tumblr, Instagram, WhatsApp, IMO, Telegram, etc. have become easily useable, smooth, quick connection, live broadcast, live call and cheaply in various facets of our life from anywhere in the world when traditional means old communication was slow but expensive. The research used a qualitative methodology. There was used as an instrument for data collection. Similarly, textbooks, Journals as well as internet sources were used for the research. Accounting to the discussion, social media has positive and negative effects in our Muslim society noticeably from Islamic Perspective. The paper concludes that the exquisite use of social media of Muslim Society in the world.

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Social Media, Muslim Society, Effect of positive & negative, Islam, and Da'wah

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This research focuses on to develop a machine learning application for aiding farmers with crop choice, disease detection, advice translation to local languages, and chatbot assistance using of computer vision and machine learning to optimize crop yields. Traditional farming practices often rely on manual labor and subjective decisions. However, recent advancements in computer vision and machine learning have allowed for the development of intelligent agricultural systems that can aid in crop monitoring, disease detection, and yield prediction. By leveraging data from sensors, drones, and satellites, these systems can analyze plant growth patterns, soil conditions, weather data, and other relevant factors to provide real-time recommendations for optimal crop management. This approach has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by increasing crop yields, reducing waste, and improving the overall sustainability of the industry.

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Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Agricultural, Optimization

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Research on the extraction of betalains from plants such as bougainvillea offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes. Synthetic colorants are often associated with health risks and environmental pollution due to their chemical compositions and manufacturing processes.Betalains are not just pigments; they possess significant health benefits. Their strong antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer activities make them valuable for developing functional foods and nutraceuticals. This research aims to develop and optimize an efficient method for extracting betalains from bougainvillea flowers, characterize the extracted pigments, and evaluate their potential applications as natural colorants and antioxidants in various industries, including food and cosmetics.TLC analysis confirmed that bougainvillea contains betalains and their derivatives, validating its potential as a valuable source of these natural pigments. Standardization and phytochemical screening were done to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative parameters of Bougainvillea glabra. The study of the whole plant of Bougainvillea glabra was thoroughly investigated for its organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical characteristics, and major active constituents to analyze its superiority.Quantitative data for betacyanin determined by a spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were compared. Pigment solutions at pH 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 were heat treated under a nitrogen atmosphere and analyzed for pigment losses at appropriate intervals. Fresh, blanched and canned beets were measured for pigment content by the two methods. Quantitative determinations of pigment in all purified or undegraded samples compared well when analyzed by either method. Discrepancies between the results of the two procedures occurred and increased up to 15% with extended heat treatment of the pigment. The differences were attributed to the formation of degradation products or interfering substances. Of the two, the HPLC method is preferred when interfering substances are present.UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry of the beet extract confirmed that betanin has an absorption maximum varying from 430 nm to 520 nm.

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Betalains,Bougainvillea, Extraction

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Medicinal plants are assuming greater importance in the primary health care of individuals and communities in many developing countries. There has been an increase of demand in international trade because of very effective, cheaply available, supposedly have no side effects and used as alternative to allopathic medicines. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Rhizome and roots of this plants are used as tonic in typhoid fever and dyspepsia. Traditional use of this drug is in diarrhea, typhoid, jaundice, fever, headache, skin disease and syphilis. In another combination of drug, Drynaria is used for expelling rheumatism. In the treatment of hyperthyroidism, Drynaria along with other drugs are used. The ethnomedicinal uses of the fern Drynaria quercifolia have been pharmacologically confirmed by several workers such as anthelmintic activity, antibacterial and antidermatophytic activity. Hence the objective of this present study is to estimate the anti-inflammatory activity & anti-diabetic activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae . In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried were carried out by heat induced hemolysis method. In-vitro anti-diabetic activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae were carried out by ?-amylase method. Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae have shown a better profile of anti-inflammatory & anti-diabetic activity compared to fresh drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae and thus it can be used for therapeutic purposes. Results revealed that the Drynaria quercifolia rhizome extracts contains abundant amount of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity.

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Rheumatism, Pharmacologically, Medicinal plants, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory

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India faces significant vulnerability to natural disasters, including floods, droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides, and forest fires. This research paper explores the critical role of drone technology in disaster management, covering surveillance, mapping, logistics, and communication restoration. It examines the latest advancements in drone technology, such as intelligent flight, broadband transmission, and diversified functions, and how these innovations can be applied throughout all phases of disaster management: prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery. By integrating drone technology, India can enhance its disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts, ultimately saving lives and reducing damage.

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Drone technology, Importance, Disaster Management

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Human is the most intelligent creature in the planet for their brain power and neural network. The human brain is extremely complex with more than 80 billion neurons and trillion of connections [1]. Simulation scales can array from molecular and genetic expressions to compartment models of subcellular volumes and individual neurons to local networks and system models [2]. Deep Neural Network nodes are an over simplification of how brain synapses work. Signal transmission in the brain is dominated by chemical synapses, which release chemical substances and neurotransmitters to convert electrical signals via voltage-gated ion channels at the presynaptic cleft into post-synaptic activity. The type of neurotransmitter characterizes whether a synapse facilitates signal transmission (excitatory role) or prevents it (inhibitory role). Currently, there are tenths of known neurotransmitters, whereas new ones continuously emerge with varying functional roles. Furthermore, dynamic synaptic adaptations, which affect the strength of a synapse, occur in response to the frequency and magnitude of the presynaptic signal and reflect complex learning/memory functions, (Spike time dependent plasticity) [3, 4]. Recently, evidence has found that surrounding cells, such as glia cells that are primarily involved in 'feeding' the neurons, can also affect their function via the release of neurotransmitters. This new vision of "tripartite synapses," composed of perisynaptic glia in addition to pre- and postsynaptic terminals certainly makes this one of the most exciting discoveries in current neurobiology.

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Bionic arm , artificial intelligence, emg ,eeg ,3d printing, design and development

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Ngugi wa Thiang'O's historical fiction A Grain of Wheat contains myriad polemical voices of the African women who become the subject of the English colonisation and the continuing legacy of the colonial consciousness in the independent Kenya. The Kenyan women played a significant role in mobilizing the African freedom movement which is often overlooked by the existing scholarship. Women condition was pathetic; they were not only harassed by the white people but also the black men with the colonial consciousness. Women supplied the sufficient strength to the Kenyan freedom national movement especially when the black men were detained by the colonial forces. African women are very strong and brave even though they face the malnutrition in the independent Kenya.

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Depiction of Womanhood in ''A Grain of Wheat''

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Medical image segmentation, particularly for polyps in gastrointestinal images, presents significant challenges because of variations in color and morphology observed during colonoscopy imaging. In our study, we focused on this crucial area, utilizing a dataset comprising gastrointestinal polyp images. We employed advanced deep learning techniques, specifically FCN, Dual U-Net with ResNet Encoder, U-Net, and Unet_Resnet, to tackle the segmentation task effectively. To enhance the effectiveness of these algorithms, we incorporated data augmentation techniques, which involve creating modified versions of the initial images to enrich the training dataset. We evaluated the effectiveness of these algorithms using standard metrics like Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection Over Union (IOU), which quantify the correctness of segmentation compared to ground truth. Among the models tested, the Dual U-Net with ResNet Encoder emerged as the most successful, achieving a DSC of 0.87 and IOU of 0.80. This model outperformed other approaches, including U-Net, FCN, and Unet_Resnet, demonstrating its superior performance in segmenting gastrointestinal polyp images.

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Unet, Resnet, Positron Emission Tomography ,Computed Tomography ,Convolutional Neural Networks, Fully Convolutional Neural Network ,Rectified Linear Unit

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Microfinance has become a significant tool for socio-economic development, gaining prominence in India with the 1992 introduction of the Self Help Groups (SHGs) Linkage program model. This indigenous model has been highly successful in India's microfinance sector. This paper evaluates its current status of microfinance by analysing the report published by NABARD. Key areas of examination include the formation of SHGs, their linkage with banks, loan disbursement. The paper also assesses the regional progress of the SHG Linkage program. Since its inception, the SHG bank linkage has been the most effective means of reaching impoverished communities. The model's success is evident in the positive trends in SHG formation, bank linkage, loan disbursement, and loan collection, which indicate promising future prospects for the program. The SHG bank linkage model's success underscores microfinance's importance in driving economic development. By providing access to financial services to those traditionally excluded, SHGs have empowered millions, promoting financial inclusion and economic stability. This paper highlights the critical role of microfinance in poverty alleviation and economic progress in India, demonstrating the effectiveness of the SHG bank linkage model and its potential for furthering socio-economic development. In conclusion, the SHG linkage program has proven to be a robust framework for delivering microfinance, fostering significant improvements in economic development and poverty reduction. The model's success stories and positive trends suggest a bright future for microfinance initiatives in India

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Micro Finance, Self Help Group, NABARD, FY(Financial Year), SHG Linkage

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In digital systems, the frequency of switching operations involved in internal transistors are high due to complex operations provided by the high demanding applications. The CMOS circuits with increased processing speed perhaps increase the leakage voltage, leakage temperature and leakage current in the transistors. Depends on the number of connectivity (the fan-in and fan-outs) the path delay is generated. The proposed system focused on testing the path delay variations on different circuits involving the reconfigurable comparator and fast frequency generating oscillator. The presented system involved with testing of on-chip performance at different frequency of operations. The reconfigurations are viable with simple tuning operations involved with XILINX XC95144XL device. The device work with 40 MHz operating clock with active low device reset. The configurable oscillator is implemented inside the device; hence the simulation is validated through XILINX ISE and Quartus II. The presented system achieved 3.89 ns latency in which 3.240ns as logical latency and 0.650ns as routing latency. The results are compared with existing state of art approach in terms of path variational delay

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Low power design, Path delay, Digital circuits, Oscillator, Cmos design.

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Selecting the most appropriate treatment for a medical condition is a critical decision faced by healthcare providers and patients. The effectiveness of the chosen treatment significantly influences patient outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs. However, the decision-making process is intricate, involving multiple factors such as treatment efficacy, potential side effects, cost implications, patient preferences, and treatment duration. To address these complexities, structured decision-making frameworks, integrating evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care, are essential. In this paper, we explore the application of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques in treatment selection. Specifically, we focus on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a widely recognized MCDM method. We present a detailed methodology for applying TOPSIS to evaluate and rank treatment options based on multiple criteria. By constructing a decision matrix, normalizing it, applying weights, and calculating separation measures from ideal solutions, we derive the relative closeness of each treatment option to the ideal solution. The results indicate that surgery emerges as the most preferred treatment option, followed by medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

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Multi Criteria Decision Making, TOPSIS, Treatment Selection, Clinical Decision-Making.

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In order to store and manage data from multiple sources, such as transactional systems, operational databases, and external sources, a centralized repository known as a data warehouse. It is an invaluable tool for organizations that need to make well-informed decisions based on large amounts of data. The structured and organized data stored in a data warehouse can store multidimensional information and facilitate easy retrieval and analysis, giving organizations valuable insights into their performance and operations. This makes strategic decsion making. The capacity to access both historical and present data, which enables companies to analyze trends and performance across time, is one of the main advantages of data warehousing. Moreover, changes in a data warehouse are usually planned for predetermined times, guaranteeing a constant and trustworthy supply of data for analysis. In business intelligence, data warehousing is essential because it enables firms to take calculated actions that lead to goal achievement.

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data,Azure

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Anxiety disorder (Izter?b-i-Nafs?n?) involves both psychological and physiological elements, comprising somatic, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects. According to Unani Medicine, anxiety falls within the domain of Infial?t-i-Nafs?niyya, which refers to psychic reactions. This concept involves the movement of the pneuma (Ru?) and blood, facilitated by the vital faculty (Quwwat-i-?aiw?niyya). Unani Medicine adopts a holistic approach, addressing both preventive and curative aspects of patient care. Psychiatric disorders, known as Amr??-i-Nafs?niyya in the Unani system of medicine. Treatment modalities in Unani medicine encompass Regimenal Therapy, Dietotherapy and Pharmacotherapy. This review outlines various essential forms of Regimenal therapy, such as Dalak (Massage), ?amm?m (Turkish bath), Na??l (Irrigation), Takm?d (Fomentation) and Riy??at (Exercise), alongside commonly used Unani pharmacotherapeutic approaches documented in reliable Unani literature. In modern practice, treatments for anxiety encompass CBT, Deep Muscle Relaxation and various medications like Benzodiazepines, SSRIs, SNRIs and Beta Blockers. While effective initially, prolonged use of these drugs can lead to dependency, resulting in withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, nightmares, headache, or paresthesias and ultimately depression which often accompanies bipolar disorder. Conversely, Unani medicine employs Tonics (Muqawwiy?t), Exhilarants (Mufarri??t) and Evacuants (Munaqqiy?t), alongside Regimenal therapies, aimed at strengthening vital organs and eliminating morbid humour and moreover has least side effects and also are cost effective to be used in long term. However this review paper aims to delve into the rich tapestry of Unani literature to elucidate the conceptualization and therapeutic approaches towards Amr??-i-Nafs?niyya.

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Anxiety disorder, Amr??-i-Nafs?niyya, Regimenal therapy, Bipolar disorder, Unani Medicine

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Anita Desai stands out as a serious, skilled, and promising novelist in contemporary India. Among Indian English novelists, she is undeniably one of the strongest voices. Desai dedicates herself to articulating the silent struggles and helplessness of countless individuals grappling with existential issues. As the unrecognized queen of the inner emotional world, she effectively portrays the intricate illusions of her delicate protagonists. By shifting the focus from outer to inner reality, she has brought a new dimension to the Indian novel in English. G. Rai has aptly described her as a writer with a genuine voice. Desai is renowned for her exceptional narrative skill.

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Narrative, Executive, style, language and technique.

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