Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Optoelectronic tricks are made by the semiconductor composite and their mixtures due to their direct and indirect optical band gap energy. Here, FeSe thin films were manufactured by SILAR technique on well cleaned glass substrates at room temperature. The Prepared thin film was characterized by X-ray analysis and Uv-Visible spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that, FeSe thin film is nanocrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure. The optical studies of FeSe thin film shows that the maximum absorption observed in the visible region and it can be used as an absorber in the visible region for optoelectronic devices. The direct or indirect band gap energy are varying from 2.95 eV to 2.63 eV with number of deposition cycle from 50 to 250 and thickness varies from 79 to 276 nm. The room temperature electrical resistivity were of the order of from 42 x 104 (Ohm-cm) to 16 x 104 (Ohm-cm).

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SILAR, thin film, Magnesium selenide and electrical resistivity

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The proliferation of digital technology in India has led to a parallel surge in cybercrimes, ranging from financial frauds to data breaches, cyberstalking, and state-sponsored surveillance. In response, cyber forensics has emerged as a crucial investigative and legal tool for identifying, preserving, and analyzing electronic evidence. This research explores the interplay between cyber forensics and the Indian legal system in addressing digital crimes. It critically examines existing laws such as the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, and the procedural reforms introduced under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. Through case studies and comparative analysis with jurisdictions like the USA, UK, EU, Singapore, and Australia, the paper identifies key implementation challenges--ranging from inadequate infrastructure and legal ambiguities to international cooperation hurdles. The study concludes with concrete recommendations for enhancing forensic capabilities, legal clarity, and institutional response to ensure a safer digital ecosystem in India.

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Cyber Forensics,Digital Evidence,Cybercrime,Information Technology Act, 2000,Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023,Indian Cyber Law,Electronic Evidence,Section 65B Evidence Act,Cybersecurity,International Cyber Law,BNSS 2023,Data Privacy,Digital Investigation,Cybercrime Prosecution,Comparative Cyber Law

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Education and Job opportunities play a transformative role in the empowerment and development of women globally by upscaling their lives in many ways. Education has given women the knowledge and skill set for critical thinking and decision making and on the other hand job opportunities have made women financially independent, stable and secure contributing to the social and economic growth of one country. Having said that, many women often face challenges in continuing their careers and reaching their highest potential, with one of the main reasons being career breaks. Career breaks may be due to many reasons like marriage, childbirth and child care, elder care, work-life balance, relocation for family reasons, personal and family health issues. These breaks can have long-lasting impacts on their professional lives, affecting their earning potential, career progression, and opportunities. This study focuses on the challenges women employees face after a career gap in the Information Technology sector, in context to Coimbatore city.

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Women employee, Career break, Career gap, Re-entry

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As artificial intelligence continues to transform education, tools like ChatGPT are becoming valuable resources for enhancing teaching, research, and administrative tasks. This study aims to understand how familiar nursing faculty at a selected college are with ChatGPT, and how they incorporate it into their professional responsibilities. Adopting a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design, data will be gathered through a structured knowledge questionnaire and a practice checklist. The primary focus is to assess both the awareness and practical use of ChatGPT among nursing educators. The study also looks at how factors like age, experience, and educational background may influence this knowledge and use. Ultimately, the findings are expected to shed light on the current level of digital literacy among nursing faculty and support the responsible, effective integration of AI tools like ChatGPT into nursing education.

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ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Nursing Education, Digital Literacy ,Knowledge and Practice, Nursing Teachers, Educational Technology

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Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for improving the therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds. This review focuses on the formulation, characterization, and evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers of dapagliflozin for oral administration. Various formulation techniques, including emulsification-solvent evaporation, ionic gelation, nanoprecipitation, and spray drying, have been explored to enhance drug encapsulation efficiency and controlled release. Characterization methods such as particle size analysis, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro drug release studies, morphological analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) play a crucial role in assessing nanoparticle stability and performance. Polymeric nanoparticles offer several pharmacokinetic and therapeutic advantages, including improved bioavailability, sustained drug release, reduced plasma drug fluctuations, and enhanced patient compliance. Despite these advantages, challenges such as large-scale manufacturing, stability concerns, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed. Recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, hybrid systems, and surface modifications have further expanded their applicability beyond diabetes management, including cancer therapy, neurological disorders, antimicrobial drug delivery, and vaccine development. This review highlights the potential of polymeric nanoparticles as a transformative drug delivery platform and emphasizes the need for further research to optimize their clinical applications.

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Polymeric nanoparticles, Dapagliflozin, Drug delivery, Controlled release, Bioavailability, Formulation techniques, Nanomedicine, Diabetes therapy, Targeted drug delivery, Pharmacokinetics

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ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to Study The Difference Between Pre-Test And Post-Test Of Attitude Of Higher Primary School Students In Experimental And Control Group. The sample of the present study includes 60 students studying in VI standard were drawn using purposive random sampling technique. Among the other things, the study revealed that; i) Attitude scores after story telling technique is significantly higher as compared to before story telling technique among higher primary school students in experimental group. The story telling technique is significantly effective in improving the attitude among higher primary school students in experimental group; ii) Attitude scores before and after story telling technique is similar among higher primary school students in control group. Story telling technique is not effective in improving the attitude among higher primary school students in control group.

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Keywords: Story Telling Technique, Attitude, Higher Primary Schools

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In indigenous societies, the traditional calendar functions as a vital repository of ecological knowledge, intricately woven with cultural practices and seasonal rhythms. Rooted in generations of environmental observation, these calendars guide communities in the timing of agricultural labour, rituals, ceremonies, and resource management. As dynamic knowledge systems, they evolve in response to ecological shifts and societal change. This study examines the traditional calendars of two Tangkhul Naga villages, highlighting how each reflects distinct cultural expressions within a shared tribal identity. Drawing on ecological indicators and oral histories, the research explores how local knowledge systems shape and are shaped by environmental interaction and cultural values. By analysing both functional and symbolic dimensions of timekeeping, the study offers insight into the resilience, adaptability, and intra-cultural diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in the face of modern challenges.

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Agriculture, Cultural Heritage, Indigenous Knowledge, Oral Traditions, Tangkhul Naga, Traditional Calendar

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Email id: nehameenanet@gmail.com The present study includes information about the medicinal value of the family Fabaceae of Deeg district, Rajasthan during January 2024 to March 2025. The medicinal plants have been very important and valued for human being. In this region medicinal plants were mostly used for treatment from various diseases like gonorrhoea, leprosy, asthma, anthelmintic, astringent, cough and cold, fever, diarrhoea, worm, cardiac disease, eczema, ulceration in mouth, snake-bite, ring worm, diuretic, bronchitis, dysentery, burning sensation, kidney disease, blood pressure, malaria, syphilis, cholera, ophthalmia, psoriasis, sciatica, paralysis, piles, whooping cough breast pain.

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Keywords: Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants; Fabaceae; Ethnomedicinal; Phytochemical Properties.

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Abstract: Segmenting ancient Tamil characters from stone inscriptions presents a significant challenge due to the complex structure of the script and the degraded nature of historical artifacts. Tamil, one of the world's oldest languages, has evolved through various scripts including Sangakala Tamil, Karoshti, Brahmi, Vatteluttu, Grantha, and the modern script, resulting in a rich and diverse character set comprising 247 unique symbols. These characters often contain loops, curves, and holes, making segmentation from stone surfaces particularly difficult. Traditional image processing techniques struggle to address issues such as uneven lighting, surface erosion, and similar foreground-background textures. Accurate character recognition heavily depends on the success of the segmentation phase, which isolates meaningful character regions from noisy backgrounds. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of segmentation techniques applied to Tamil stone inscription images, covering preprocessing methods, segmentation strategies, and recent advancements incorporating deep learning approaches. By emphasizing segmentation as the foundation for reliable character recognition, this study aims to guide future research in developing more robust and accurate Tamil epigraphy analysis systems.

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Keywords -- Image Processing, Preprocessing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Optical Character Recognition, Convolution Neural Network.

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This study evaluates the effectiveness of social media marketing strategies for skincare products, focusing on their ability to drive consumer engagement, brand loyalty, and sales growth. The research uncovers critical trends by analysing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as audience reach, engagement rates, click-through rates, and conversion rates on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. It highlights the role of influencer collaborations, interactive content, and user-generated reviews in building trust and authenticity. Additionally, the study explores how demographic targeting, platform-specific algorithm optimization, and seasonal campaigns contribute to marketing success. The findings underscore the importance of integrating analytics-driven insights and creative storytelling to remain competitive in the rapidly evolving skincare market.

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Social media marketing, skincare products, consumer engagement, brand awareness

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Abstract: Following the principle of non-violence and led by Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation, the Indian Freedom Movement was a glorious episode in the history of the Indian Subcontinent. The Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920 was the first phase of mass movement, where people from all walks of life and various part of the country offered full support and took an active part in the movement. In Assam, the movement was led by newly emerged middle-class educated people, and who were able to spread its ideas and programmes across different parts of the province. In response to appeals from the state leaders of the movement and in their desire for freedom from colonial exploitation and also relief from the oppressive taxes newly imposed by the British government, the peasants class of the Brahmaputra Valley extended all forms of support and cooperation and actively participated in the movement. Along with other segment of society, the peasants of Assam also demonstrated their patriotism and deep love for the country. This paper attempts to study the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in Assam and contributions and sacrifices made by the peasants during the movement.

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Keywords: National Movement, Swaraj, Police Atrocities, Peasants, Collective Fine (Paikari Jarimana), Opium.

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Mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose significant global health challenges, particularly in tropical regions. Conventional synthetic repellents, while effective, are often associated with environmental and health concerns. This study explores the potential of Citrus maxima (pomelo) peel waste as a natural source of mosquito-repelling compounds. Citrus peels are rich in bioactive constituents such as limonene, flavonoids, and essential oils, which exhibit strong insect-repellent properties. The extraction of these compounds through eco-friendly methods aims to promote the utilization of agricultural waste while offering a safer alternative to chemical repellents. Preliminary analysis suggests that these phytochemicals disrupt mosquito sensory mechanisms, reducing their ability to detect human hosts. This approach not only addresses the issue of fruit waste management but also supports the development of sustainable, plant-based mosquito repellents with potential applications in public health and household care. Further research is proposed to validate the efficacy through laboratory bioassays and formulation trials.

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Pomelo peels, Citrus maxima, Bio-waste, Mosquito Repellent, Valorization, Value addition

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The present study investigated the language shift and language problems that were faced by scheduled tribal communities and Non-tribal communities of Himachal Pradesh within the tribal notified areas of Himachal Pradesh. There are 654 tribal communities live in India out of them 10 belong to Himachal Pradesh and all are marginalized in terms of living conditions due to hard geographical areas, economic, social, cultural, education and political. Due to hard living conditions in the hills they move in winter towards lower areas, that's way they are called as nomads tribal communities but this shifting also leads them towards migration and cultural shifting. The present study was an empirical research investigation based on the 600 senior secondary level students of Scheduled Tribal and non-tribal communities living and studying in tribal notified areas. They were selected by purposive sampling technique. Present study developed a map to show language related problems and its associated factors of tribal and non tribes. Some major issues discussed in the study are as follows-1. Competency of teacher in tribal language. 2. Language related problems in the classroom. 3. Problems in understanding the content taught in Hindi or English. 4. Most use of language by teachers. Along with these issues researcher also focused on Educational problem, Medium of Instruction, Lack of resources, Lack of Tribal teacher, Lack of higher education institution in tribal language. Further this study attempted to focus on solving such language related issues in the tribal areas among the students of all communities and on the basis of interviews conducted researcher tried to develop a tribal language and culture saving approach with the help of education.

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Scheduled Tribes, Non-tribal, Tribal Notified Areas, Hard Geographical Areas, Nomads tribal, Senior Secondary level Students

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The library sector is expanding rapidly, but its current system for managing transactions is inefficient. A computerized library system can enable quick data retrieval and storage, providing users with fast and efficient service. Library automation involves mechanizing routine operations primarily through computerization. A Library Management System (LMS) is an automated tool that benefits both librarians and users within any organizational structure. It allows defining librarian tasks and helps users manage their activities related to the library. LMS includes report generation features, enabling users to track their transactions effectively. This system helps librarians save time and focus on other important library functions, going beyond just issuing and returning books. The project focuses on developing a Library Log accessible to all users, enabling librarians to maintain an organized database effortlessly while allowing individual users to manage their transactions, addressing major issues related to large physical collections Maintenance.

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Java; Library management system; Database design; Books; Management

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As colleges continue to advance their information and modernization efforts, many are upgrading to digital library management systems. The library, being the central information hub on campus, plays a vital role in disseminating knowledge and cultural values. The development quality of libraries directly influences teaching effectiveness. In the 1990s, as enrollment increased and technology rapidly developed, students' desire to learn new knowledge and skills also grew. Classroom instruction alone could not fulfill this rising demand, and traditional library management approaches became outdated. To better meet these needs, we examined how to optimize library management by shifting to automated systems, which are more aligned with the needs of both colleges and students.

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Java; Library management system; Database design; Books; Management

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The present study was conducted to government and private secondary school students in relation to Social and Mental Development. Descriptive survey method was used in the present study. A sample of 200 government and private senior secondary school students was selected from Himachal Pradesh Dstrict of Mandi. self-made Questioner was used for the present study. 'Findings revealed that emotional intelligence among the students of private is higher than government school students. After compare we found that social development among the students of private is higher than government school students. The study found that the relationship between Mental and social Development among the students of private is higher than government students. Some suggestions have been made to improve positive attitude of students towards above mention psychology factor will provide lot of opportunities to improve the quality of education at all level.

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Mental.social,development,school

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The special issue on Narendra Modi and India's foreign policy is introduced in this article. It draws attention to the fact that opinions on how well the Modi administration has managed foreign affairs vary. Some claim that since taking office in May 2014, it has changed India's foreign policy and outperformed its predecessors in managing the nation's most important partnerships and issues. Others argue that New Delhi's stance is weaker now than it was under previous administrations, particularly with regard to China and Pakistan, and that India's fundamental strategy remains unchanged. The importance of ideas and ideology, the degree of the prime minister's autonomy in formulating foreign policy, and the degree to which institutional barriers both domestically and internationally limit India's agency are all covered in this article. In addition, his government launched new initiatives including "Neighbourhood First," a new effort to improve relations with India's neighbors, and revamped key initiatives like "Look East," which was renamed "Act East." It promised to play a major role in maintaining security and improving infrastructure in the Indian Ocean region, in addition to fortifying its defense and diplomatic ties with countries from the Middle East through Central and South Asia to Southeast Asia.

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Policy, China, Ideology, Neighbors, Government.

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ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the evolution of local self-government and people's participation in the decision-making processes throughout the ages, also aiming to apply Gandhian philosophy to resolve challenges persisting in achieving true participation of people.

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Local Self-Government, Gandhian Philosophy, People's Participation, Decentralization, Swaraj, Panchayati Raj.

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At the heart of every trade lies a story not just of numbers and charts, but of the hopes, dreams, and fears that pulse through every trader. The financial markets are less a battlefield of pure logic and more a living theatre, where the twin protagonists fear and greed take center stage, shaping the drama of every decision. Fear, that ancient guardian, whispers warnings of loss and the sting of missed chances, often freezing traders' mid-action or sending them fleeing from risk. Meanwhile, greed, the relentless seducer, tempts traders to chase ever-greater rewards, luring them into risky ventures and overconfidence. These emotions are not flaws, but deeply human responses that can turn rational plans into impulsive gambles, fueling cycles of euphoria and despair that ripple through markets and minds alike. The result? Markets that breathe with the collective mood, swinging from wild optimism to sudden panic, and traders who ride these waves sometimes triumphantly, sometimes bruised. Mastering these emotional currents is the true art of trading: it means building a fortress of discipline, crafting a clear plan, and nurturing the self-awareness to recognize when fear or greed is steering the ship. By embracing these challenges as opportunities for growth, traders can transform their most human vulnerabilities into sources of strength, resilience, and ultimately, success in the ever evolving world of commerce.

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Emotion, Risk, Decision-making, Self-knowledge, Market psychology.

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