Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

This study delves into the dynamic landscape of social entrepreneurship in India, exploring how mission-driven innovators are tackling some of the country's most pressing social and environmental challenges. Through a qualitative, multi-case study approach, the paper examines four trailblazing social enterprises--Phool.co, Bollant Industries, ReCircle, and Bakey's Edible Cutlery--that are reimagining business as a force for good. These ventures demonstrate how purpose-led innovation, inclusive employment, and environmentally responsible practices can generate meaningful, scalable impact in areas ranging from waste management to sustainable manufacturing. Drawing on established frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line, Social Capital Theory, and Systems Thinking, the research builds a conceptual model that captures the common threads running through these enterprises--innovation rooted in local problems, empowerment of marginalized communities, and collaborative, ecosystem-based solutions. It also brings to light the real-world challenges social entrepreneurs face, including limited funding, infrastructure gaps, and policy hurdles. The paper further examines key government initiatives that support the sector, such as Startup India, CSR mandates, and the Social Stock Exchange. Ultimately, the findings highlight the immense potential of social entrepreneurship to drive inclusive growth and sustainable change--provided it receives the institutional and societal support it truly needs to thrive.

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Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development, Social Inclusion, Circular Economy.

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????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? &?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????.???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????.??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????.??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????.??.????.?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???.?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? 20 ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????.?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????.

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?????? ???????, ????? ????????, ?????? ??????, ????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ??????????????, ?????? ??????? ?????,?? ?????, ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???????? ???????,?????????,???? ?????, ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????

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This study examines the intricate connection between personality qualities and educational achievement in the rise of female leadership in Tamil Nadu. Dispelling the myth that formal education is the main factor in leadership success, the study emphasizes the importance of personal qualities like fortitude, tenacity, and forward-thinking in shattering gender stereotypes and empowering women to advance in the public and political arenas. Based on actual cases of women with less education navigating male-dominated systems, the study explores how personal charm, cultural dynamics, and social expectations impact leadership paths

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Politics, Gender Role, Personality, Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cinema as a tool of expression consciously engages itself with its audience from diverse backgrounds. Every individual brings their own interpretation of the film while these interpretations can be generally clustered together basing it on their cultural and ethical landscapes. One of the important factors that determine the meaning of a narrative is the cultural context of the story and so the focus is more on the cultural codes while the film is translated into a different language other than its original. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to the role of cultural codes in determining the localised narrative. The paper contrasts the original narrative with the adapted version to bring out the differences among them. These differences aid in understanding the objectives of localizing a product in the globalised world. The film taken for study is Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park, an adaptation of the eponymous work by Michael Crichton. The study considers the Tamil version of the film against the original English version locating the points of divergence in the context of culture.

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Jurassic Park, Cultural codes, Language, Localization, Resistance

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This paper examines the oral traditions of the Angami Nagas as dynamic epistemological systems that transcend mere storytelling, functioning instead as vital sources of knowledge, cultural memory, and moral instruction. Through an analysis of selected myths, the study explores how these narratives encode indigenous wisdom related to social responsibility, spiritual beliefs, environmental consciousness, and communal ethics. By situating Angami oral tradition within the broader discourse on indigenous epistemology and communal modes of learning, the paper makes a call for the significance of oral literature as a framework for cultural transmission. It further highlights the central role of elders as custodians of knowledge, who interpret natural signs, dreams, and symbolic actions to guide and sustain the community's collective understanding.

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Angami Naga Folklore, Indigenous Epistemology, Cultural Identity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials globally, valued for its exceptional compressive strength, durability, and adaptability in diverse structural applications. However, the environmental consequences of conventional cement production--particularly its significant carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions--have driven the need for more sustainable alternatives. In response, this study explores the feasibility of using Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CMC) powder as a partial or complete substitute for cement in concrete mixtures. The primary objective is to assess the mechanical performance of concrete when CMC powder is incorporated at varying replacement levels: 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by volume. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted, evaluating key mechanical properties through compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests. The findings reveal that partial cement replacement with CMC powder at 30% mixes demonstrating the optimal strength retention and workability. Beyond this threshold, however, a gradual reduce in mechanical performance was observed--particularly at 40% & 50% replacement levels--due to the reduced cementitious binding capacity in the mixture. The primary objective is to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete incorporating CMC powder as a partial replacement to cement. The study concludes that CMC powder can serve as a viable, eco-friendly partial replacement for cement, with 20-30% substitution offering an effective balance between sustainability and structural integrity. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on low-carbon concrete technologies and highlight the potential of carbonate-based materials in reducing the environmental footprint of construction. Further investigation is recommended to optimize mix designs, assess long-term durability, and explore industrial scalability.

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Calcium Magnesium Carbonate (CMC) powder, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The advent of digital transformation has sparked a significant revolution within the financial sector. One of the most notable shifts has been the transition from traditional paper-based systems to digital platforms. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this change, as consumers increasingly adopted contactless and paperless payment methods. Among these advancements, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has emerged as a key innovation, gaining widespread acceptance and usage. This study examines the role of UPI in driving digital transformation in the state of Chhattisgarh, with a special focus on the Bastar Division. A total of 150 UPI users participated in the research, and their responses were analyzed through tables, charts, and graphs. The findings reveal a clear trend: a substantial portion of Bastar Division of Chhattisgarh State's population has embraced UPI as a preferred mode of cashless digital transactions.

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Digital Transformation, UPI, Bastar Division

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores Nhaku, a traditional food-gathering practice among the Chakhesang Nagas of Nagaland, as a lens to understand how indigenous knowledge, cultural identity, and livelihood are deeply interconnected. Nhaku involves the seasonal collection of small aquatic creatures from paddy fields, primarily by women, and is embedded in the community's agrarian rhythm, nutritional habits, and oral traditions. More than a subsistence activity, it reflects sustainable resource use, gendered knowledge transmission, and a collective relationship with the land. Based on interviews with local elders and practitioners, the study highlights the cultural, ecological, and medicinal significance of Nhaku, while also addressing the need to preserve and promote its cultural and medicinal significance. The paper calls for documentation, community engagement, and cultural revitalization to preserve this practice. By situating Nhaku within broader discourses on traditional ecological knowledge and food heritage, the paper argues that sustaining such practices is vital not only for cultural continuity but also for promoting sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.

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Nhaku, Chakhesang Nagas, Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Livelihood, Cultural Ecology, Oral Tradition.

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ABSTRACT Clade by James Bradley offers a profoundly humane exploration of the intersection between family, environmental crisis, and the moral imperatives of our time. Through the intimate lens of Adam and Ellie, an Australian couple navigating the emotional terrain of infertility amidst escalating climate catastrophe, Bradley crafts a narrative that renders the global realities of ecological collapse immediate and personal. Adam's scientific work and Ellie's artistic journey are not just individual struggles but metaphors for humanity's fraught relationship with a rapidly changing planet. The couple's anxieties about parenthood echo a collective fear for the future, as the novel deftly parallels the challenges of family planning with the urgent need for environmental stewardship. Bradley critiques the modification of nature, highlighting the dangers of viewing the environment as mere resource. The narrative's episodic structure captures the cascading effects of climate change-rising seas, biodiversity loss, and societal unrest-while grounding these crises in the everyday realities of love, loss, and resilience. Ellie's fertility struggles become a powerful metaphor for the Earth's own diminishing regenerative capacity.Yet, Clade is not without hope. Through Ellie's alliance with Amir, a refugee-the novel suggests pathways toward healing that honor both human and ecological interconnectedness. Clade offers a compelling call to action for a sustainable and compassionate future.

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Keywords: climate catastrophe, family, resilience, environmental crisis, biodiversity

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The effectiveness of secondary education largely depends on the professional competence and personal disposition of teachers. This study investigates the relationship between teachers' adjustment and their attitudes towards teaching in the context of secondary education. Teachers' adjustment refers to their ability to adapt to the dynamic educational environment, manage stress, and maintain positive interpersonal relationships, while attitude encompasses their beliefs, feelings, and behavioural tendencies towards their profession. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving a sample of secondary school teachers selected through stratified random sampling. Standardized tools were utilized to assess levels of adjustment and attitude. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis to determine the strength and direction of the association. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between teachers' adjustment and their attitude, indicating that better-adjusted teachers tend to exhibit more favourable attitudes towards their professional roles. The study underscores the importance of supporting teachers' psychological and social well-being to enhance their professional outlook and performance. Recommendations are offered for policy makers and educational institutions to design targeted interventions that foster both adjustment and positive attitudes among secondary school teachers.

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Teacher Adjustment, Attitude Towards Teaching, Secondary Education, Professional Competence, Descriptive-Correlational Study

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Motivation is one of the corner stones for the organizational and personal growth. Bhagavad Gita and Maslow's model are the two important works and vital towards motivation. It is through this paper that the comparative study of hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow and the philosophy of motivation as it has been enunciated in the Bhagavad Gita, particular in the leadership and management. In this day and age, surely a leadership is like a ship without a compass as it requires the necessary guidance to help drive the initiatives of not only the extrinsic development but the intrinsic one as well. Although Maslow promises a situation of tiered approach insomuch that the person believes in satisfying needs, it lacks weight as far as ethical factors and sustainable development is concerned. It is here that the Eastern wisdom goes deeper, where Bhagavad Gita proposes the paradigm of spiritual life based on the concepts of dharma (righteous duty), Nishkama Karma (selfless action), Samattva (equanimity), which applies to both leadership by value and the ability to withstand emotional changes and difficulties. This paper draws parallel between these frameworks and compares Google and Infosys corporate practices to demonstrate the practical applicability and scope of each of the models. Finally, the article supports the idea of a hybrid motivational model that combines the purity in Maslow with the ethical understanding in the Gita and therefore offers them to the organizations to develop purposeful and resilient working environments. The results can be used as part of the discussion of holistic and culturally diverse motivation strategies to organizational growth.

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Motivation, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Bhagavad Gita, Leadership, Ethical Management, Employee Engagement, Organizational Sustainability, Holistic Motivation, Dharma, Nishkama Karma

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This study investigates the teaching and learning competencies of secondary school teachers with a focus on five critical domains: pedagogical competencies, communication and student engagement, classroom assessment, problem-solving and critical thinking, and independent learning and research skills. Utilizing a survey method, data were collected from a stratified random sample of 750 secondary school teachers across 48 schools in the Krishna, Guntur, and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. Standardized tools were developed and validated for the study, with high reliability confirmed through Cronbach's Alpha (0.91) and split-half reliability (0.85). The study aimed to examine differences in teaching competence based on gender, locality (urban/rural), and type of school management (government, private, residential). Statistical analyses including Mean, Standard Deviation, t-tests, and ANOVA were employed to test hypotheses. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in teaching competence across all three variables: female, urban, and government school teachers demonstrated higher levels of teaching competence compared to their counterparts. These results underscore the impact of demographic and institutional contexts on teaching performance and highlight the need for targeted, inclusive, and equity-driven professional development initiatives. The study provides valuable implications for educational policymakers, school administrators, and teacher education programs aiming to strengthen teacher effectiveness and enhance student learning outcomes in secondary education.

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Teaching competence, secondary school teachers, pedagogical competencies, communication skills, classroom assessment, critical thinking, independent learning, gender differences, urban-rural divide, school management type.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Clinical trials today handle more data than ever before, and that data often lives in both cloud platforms and on-site systems. As a result, there's growing pressure to find integration solutions that are not only dependable but can scale as needed. In this review, we take a grounded look at popular ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools--focusing on how they're actually used in clinical research, not just how they're marketed. We introduce a new framework built around modular, container-based components. Why? Because this setup improves security, speeds things up, reduces errors, and helps organizations stick to evolving data standards. Our experimental findings back this up: the model outperformed traditional systems in key areas like processing speed, throughput, and scalability. But we're not claiming it's perfect. There are still plenty of hurdles to overcome, including improved semantic integration, real-time edge computing, and more intelligent AI-driven ETL systems. The main point? If you're working with hybrid clinical data environments, it's time to rethink how your systems connect, grow, and adapt. This paper is here to start that conversation.

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ETL Frameworks, Clinical Trial Data, Hybrid Cloud, Healthcare Data

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder that significantly impairs cardiopulmonary function and overall quality of life. Characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance, it leads to right ventricular failure if untreated. With a deepening understanding of PAH pathophysiology, the therapeutic landscape has evolved from symptomatic relief to targeted medical interventions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current pharmacological approaches used in PAH management and discusses investigational drugs that are under development to address existing therapeutic gaps.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Targeted therapy, Endothelin receptor antagonist, Prostacyclin analogues, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Investigational drug

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Mental health is an essential component of overall well-being, influencing emotional balance, psychological resilience, and social functionality. Despite the increasing burden of mental health disorders globally, awareness and access to care remain limited due to stigma, lack of resources, and cultural barriers. Social workers are central to addressing these challenges through education, advocacy, counselling, and policy reform. This article explores the historical development, conceptual framework, and the contemporary role of social workers in promoting mental health awareness across diverse populations and settings. It also discusses challenges, case studies, and future directions for global mental health initiatives.

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Mental Health Awareness, Social Workers, Stigma Reduction, Counselling, Psychosocial Support

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic, immune-mediated respiratory disorder marked by Th2-driven inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Despite widespread use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and bronchodilators, concerns remain about long-term safety and immunological gaps in asthma control. This systematic review evaluates the clinical and immunological evidence of individualised homeopathy in asthma, integrates safety/regulatory concerns, and proposes a framework for future research within an integrative medicine context. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and AYUSH portals were searched for studies between 1980 and 2023 using terms like "homeopathy AND asthma" and "homeopathy AND eosinophils". Inclusion criteria: human studies assessing individualised homeopathy in asthma with clinical/immunological endpoints. Data extraction included trial design, sample size, remedy, asthma control, lung function, drug use, and biomarkers. Results: Of 58 screened studies, 17 met inclusion: 6 RCTs, 4 observational, 3 systematic reviews, and 4 pilot/immunological studies. Common remedies: Arsenicum album, Nux vomica, Sulphur, Pulsatilla, Silicea. Five studies reported reductions in eosinophils, IgE, or cytokines (e.g., IL-13). Observational data (>2000 patients) suggested improved symptom control and reduced medication dependency. However, methodological limitations included poor blinding, small samples, and non-standardised immune markers. Conclusion: Preliminary findings support individualised homeopathy as a complementary asthma therapy. However, current evidence is inconclusive due to weak methodology. Homeopathy should be used under professional supervision alongside conventional treatment. Future research must employ stratified designs, biomarker profiling, and transdisciplinary collaboration.

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Keywords: Asthma, Homeopathy, Th2 Cytokines, Immunomodulation, Safety, Integrative Medicine

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DDoS attacks are increasingly sophisticated, cybersecurity is a major concern for the safety of the contemporary world, making refined and customizable detection mechanisms a requirement. This study will employ 5 machine learning algorithms - Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree model, K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) and the logistic regression model in analyzing CICIDS 2017 dataset on which algorithms is best suited to detect the DDoS attack. It was found that important features such as flow duration, packet size, and protocols (type) and TCP flags were extracted and normalised to enhance the performance of the model. The model was assessed based on the accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. The best performance obtained from all the testing algorithms models was presented by the Random Forest model, with an accuracy of 95.1 % of the results of malicious traffic detection, precision 94.3 %, overall 95.5 % round as well as 94.9 % F1-score, making the Random Forest model strong, reliable in the terms of any detections of the malicious traffic. The findings can emphasize on the efficiency of ensemble approach in minimising threats against the network and thus they can provide substantial reference of how intelligent cybersecurity solutions can be put into practice, in psuedo-real time scenarios Moreover, the paper also mentions the obstacles and limitations to the models like scalability weaknesses, overhead efficiency, and flexibility to new patterns of attacks, thereby indicating the future experimentation with resource-friendly and hybrid detection models.

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DDoS, Machine Learning, SVM, Random Forest, KNN, Logistic Regression

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

(????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ??????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????, ???? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????-???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??--"??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???"--?? ?????? ???? ????-?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????-?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ????? ?? ???, ??????????, ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??, ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???)

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????? ????: ???????????, ??????????, ???????????, ??????????? ??????, ?????????????, ??????? ??????, ?????? ???, ????? ?????, ???????????, ???? ?????, ?????????, ?????????? ?????, ????? ??????

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Researchers have consistently shown that individuals with schizophrenia experience cognitive impairment over the last few decades. Cognitive deficits cause functional impairment in patients. Cognitive remediation training has been found to aid in symptom reduction as well as functional improvement in patients with schizophrenia. DB After being diagnosed with schizophrenia by a qualified psychiatrist from the outpatient department of the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Agra, a 32-year-old man who is right-handed, a graduate, single, and from a middle socioeconomic background, was referred for cognitive evaluation and remediation. He currently lives with his parents in Agra. A cognitive assessment of the patient showed impairment in attention, memory and executive function. For thirty sessions, six days a week, he received the cognitive remediation training; each session lasted roughly sixty to seventy minutes. Significant progress was observed in all areas of cognitive functioning in the post-intervention scores.

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Schizophrenia, Cognitive Remediation Training, cognitive Functioning and Psychopathology.

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