Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the most important topics in water resources planning, development and management on sustainable basis. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). This study was undertaken to develop and evaluate the applicability of the MLP and MLR models by way of training and testing of developed models during monsoon period (June to September) for Meghalaya district of Assam state of India. The daily data of rainfall, runoff (or stream flow), minimum & maximum temperature and wind speed were used in the study for monsoon season. The daily data were split into two sets: a training data set from 2013 to 2020 and a testing data set from 2021 to 2022 for Meghalaya Assam. The NeuroSolution 6.0 software and Microsoft Excel were used in an analysis and the performance evaluation indices for developed models, respectively. The best input combination of rainfall, runoff minimum & maximum temperature and wind speed were identified using the input-output combination for the simulation of Runoff. On the basis input combination, 10 best models for runoff were selected out of 15 models, respectively with different input combinations. The input pairs in the training data set were applied to the network of a selected architecture and training was performed using back propagation algorithm for MLP models. A number of networks were constructed and each of them was trained separately, and the best network was selected based on the accuracy of the predictions in the testing phase. The following statistical indices such as mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of efficiency (CE), coefficient of determination (R2) and coefficient of correlation (r) were applied to test the performance of the developed MLP and MLR models. The predicted suspended sediment using MLP models were found to be the best performing models for Meghalaya Assam. It was clearly evident that MLR models fit very poorly for the dataset under study. The current day's runoff can be simulated using the data of current day rainfall.

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 Keywords

Soft computing, MLP, MLR, Runoff prediction

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Is this world rejectable in terms its temporary pain and pleasure? Or it should be perceived as complete surrender to the ultimate reality where consciousness is playing with its beauty, love and bliss. In this realm we are going to explore an unquestionable school of thought; Bengal Vaishnavism which is popularly known as Gaud?ya Vai??ava. The term 'Gaud?ya' means the thoughts and practices sprang up from Gaudade?a, so it has been named after its origination. Here the word 'gauda' has come as the adjective of the noun-word 'guda' or molasses. That's why the land seems to be named 'Gauda' which actually connotes the land of sweetness or madhurarasa and fortunately it represents Bengal. By revisiting the basic philosophical structure of this school, we will enjoy the deep meaning of delicacy; technically said as 'asv?dana of m?dhurya', or tasting the essence of spiritual love. Broadly, this school of thought has shown that following the path of Gaud?ya Vai??ava, a worshiper can taste the sweetness of spiritual love between R?dha and Kr???a, to attain the path of liberation. Most interestingly their doctrine claims that the supreme and His power or energy both are one in essence just like two sides of a same coin. Though their characteristics seems to be different in their ways of their activities and glories. If the supreme is said to be 'conscious' then very word 'ness' stands as his energy. Altogether the supreme is addressed as consciousness. Technically this concomitant relationship or the eternal relationship between ?akti and ?aktim?na - is worshiped by a worshipper day by day. The big question arises here that how one may say that energy and its locus are different in one? Here comes the grand narration of inexplicable-identity-in-difference which negates the dilemma of duality and glorifies the philosophical values of a realized thought. This article is significant for exploring this phenomenon which adherers the such indiscernibility of both identity and difference.

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Gaud?ya Vai??ava, m?dhurya, ?akti, ?aktim?na, indescribability, identity-in-difference.

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Different roofing materials and methods are available to enhance functionality and require less maintenance. Pre- Paint Galvanized iron (PPGI) sheets and conventional cement roofing sheets are recommended, but asbestos cement sheets have limitations due to fragility and potential accidents during replacement. Pre- Paint Galvanized iron sheets have additional maintenance requirements due to corrosion, noise, and heat issues. Foundry industries face frequent maintenance and production cycle disruptions due to roofing cracking. The use of new materials for industrial roofs has not received much research, so selecting the latest materials techniques is crucial to increase production while minimizing roofing-related problems. Investing in long-lasting, resilient, and low-maintenance roofs is necessary since the firm has difficulties in sustaining continuous production and corrective roof maintenance. There is a demand for new, high-tech materials that can enhance roofing performance while remaining reasonably priced. Due to a lack of knowledge about its qualities and financial advantages, individuals still choose conventional roofing. In this research, new developments in roofing materials for foundry industries are explored.

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Foundry Industries, Cost-Effective, Roofing Sheets, Conventional Roofing, A.C Sheet, PPGI Sheets, PPGL Sheets, Aluminum Sheets.

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ERP is the software which integrates various sub modules together so that data can be accessed from various locations. It is the package in which accessing of the data is done through single interface. In this paper we proposed about a new framework for decision support system based on the ERP & CRM. Here we also analysis the characteristics of data in the ERP system and address the problem of application of decision support system and suggest the architecture based on ERP system followed by detail interpretation of data acquisition module. Use of cloud technology had increased the accuracy ratio.

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decision support system; ERP; data warehouse, Cloud

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????-???? '?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??-???? ????? ?? ????? ??, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???-??? ???????? ??-???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???-???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???

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????? :- ????? ?????, ??????? ??? ?????

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Over the world, indigenous rights are still shaped and influenced by colonial legacies, especially in places like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Through a comparative analysis of the long-lasting effects of colonization on indigenous communities' rights and socioeconomic circumstances, this study explores the historical injustices and institutional racism that these groups have experienced in these countries. In order to understand how colonialism came to be in each country, the study first looks at its historical underpinnings. It emphasizes how indigenous groups have been severely impacted by the imposition of European legal systems, land confiscation, and cultural oppression. It investigates the ways in which colonial behaviors and policies have fueled continued socioeconomic inequality and upheld inequality. Analyzing the legal protections and frameworks for indigenous rights in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand in comparison is a crucial aspect of the research. In order to correct historical injustices and advance indigenous self-determination, it assesses how well legal initiatives like treaty rights, land claims settlements, and constitutional recognitions work. In addition, each country's socio-political environment is examined for current examples of racism and prejudice against indigenous peoples. It explores topics like health inequalities, disproportionate rates of poverty, overrepresentation in the criminal justice system, and obstacles to cultural renewal.

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indigenous , intricacies,colonialism

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The intersection of platform capitalism, social networks, and women entrepreneurship is a complex and evolving area of study which aims to understand how these elements interact and impact each other in today's digital economy. Platform capitalism describes the economic and social frameworks driven by digital platforms like Amazon, Uber, and Facebook, which act as intermediaries connecting users and services, transforming traditional business models through the use of technology, data, and network effects. Social networks, whether online or offline, play a vital role in shaping social interactions, spreading information, and creating economic opportunities. Within platform capitalism, social networks have become essential tools for marketing, engaging customers, and building communities. Women entrepreneurship has become increasingly recognized for its role in driving economic growth, innovation, and social change. Despite this, women entrepreneurs often encounter unique challenges, such as securing capital, finding mentorship, and balancing business with family responsibilities. The interaction between platform capitalism, social networks, and women entrepreneurship showcases the significant potential of digital platforms to support inclusive economic growth. Nevertheless, overcoming obstacles related to access, bias, and dependency is vital to achieving this potential. As platform capitalism evolves, it is crucial to develop supportive ecosystems that empower women entrepreneurs and ensure their fair participation in the digital economy.

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Platform Capitalism, Social Networks, Entrepreneurship

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This study underscores the critical role of career development in enhancing job satisfaction and retention among IT employees. Analyzing data from 142 employees through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis, it finds that robust career development initiatives significantly boost employees' perceptions of being valued and supported. Employees who see strong career development support report higher job satisfaction and are more likely to stay with their organization. The study concludes that investing in career development programs and fostering a culture of continuous learning and supportive leadership not only enhances job satisfaction but also improves retention rates. Ultimately, such proactive investments lead to a motivated and committed workforce, giving organizations a competitive advantage.

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Career Development, Job Satisfaction , Employee Retention

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This research aims to highlight the importance in the revenue history of India and the Madras revenue system. In the first place it was in Madras that the Rayatwari method of settlement as a system under the government originated in the next place, the history of Madras Presidency throws great light on the constitution of villages and the early customs of landholding which are really at the bottom of all revenue systems. The British was fully established in South India by the beginning of the 19th century. During the early years of that rule there was little to choose between English administration and native princess so far as the agricultural classes were concerned. The ill-paid English writers and actors who carried on extensive trade on their own found themselves suddenly transformed into governors of provinces and they behaved as worst oppressors of people than most of the local rulers. But after the Cornwallis' reforms the condition had improved much. Administrators like Reade, Munro, Graham and Thackray helped the pacification of the country by the suppression of the poligars who, with large bands of armed followers, plundered the country. The Ryotwari settlement was first tried in Baramahal in the 1790's after third Mysore War by Captain Alexander Read. Subsequently his assistants, such men as Thomas Munro and John Maclod extended the system to the ceded districts, Coimbatore and the whole of the Carnatic. It was an agreement made directly between the government and the ryots or "Cultivators" of land, to the complete exclusion of intermediaries. Under this agreement the government usually sought to receive its due in the form of money value fixed upon the actual fields under cultivation.

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Rayatwari method, Madras Presidency, Reade, Munro, Baramahal

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Any material intended for application to the human body or any portion of it, by means of rubbing, pouring, sprinkling, spraying, injecting, or any other method, with the intention of enhancing, improving, cleansing, or altering appearance, is referred to as "cosmetics". In the last several years, there has been a rise in the use of natural and sustainable ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Date seeds are a by-product of processing date fruit, and interest in their potential health and cosmetic uses has been piqued by their antioxidant, vitamin, and mineral content. The aim was to develop an eyeshadow that had a silky texture, vibrant colour payoff, and health benefits. By varying the concentrations of jojoba oil, arrowroot powder, and zinc stearate, we produced 12 distinct formulations. A series of evaluation tests, such as fineness, drop test, fall out, colour payoff, spreadability, irritancy, and organoleptic evaluation, are next used to the generated compositions. It was found that the formulas F5, F6, F7, and F8 had a high spreadability, strong colour payoff, a lovely texture, and a reasonable pH. The resultant mixture, which has the nutritional advantages of date seeds such as their ability to protect skin from UV rays, moisturize, nourish, and soothing effect can be used as an eyeshadow.

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Date seed, Colour payoff, Fallout

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Bedaquiline, a novel diarylquinoline, has emerged as a beacon of hope in the battle against drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). This review explores the journey of bedaquiline from its discovery to its current role in therapy, highlighting its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile. The rising global burden of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) underscores the urgent need for effective treatments. Bedaquiline, approved by the FDA in 2012, represents a paradigm shift with its ability to target the mycobacterial ATP synthase, essential for bacterial energy production. Clinical trials have demonstrated its superiority in improving treatment outcomes when included in regimens for MDR-TB and XDR-TB. However, challenges remain, including concerns over cardiac safety and the optimal integration of bedaquiline into existing treatment protocols. This review synthesizes current evidence and discusses future directions for optimizing the use of bedaquiline to combat TB drug resistance globally.

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Bedaquiline, tuberculosis, drug resistance, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, ATP synthase, resistance mechanisms.

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This study explores how machine learning techniques can classify text data as either human-written or AI-generated. The research uses a dataset containing 6,000 texts, evenly split between human and AI-generated samples. Key objectives include preprocessing the data, conducting exploratory data analysis (EDA), training models, and thorough evaluation. Text data underwent detailed preprocessing steps such as tokenization, removal of stop words and punctuation, and lemmatization. EDA revealed insights into distributions of text lengths and labels, highlighting significant differences between human and AI-generated texts. Two models, Naive Bayes and Logistic Regression, were trained on the processed dataset. Logistic Regression outperformed with 98% accuracy on a separate test set. Metrics for AI-generated texts showed precision, recall, and F1-score at 98%, 95%, and 97%, respectively, showcasing its strong ability to distinguish between human and AI-generated content. The results emphasize the effectiveness of advanced text preprocessing and machine learning models in accurately identifying text origins. Logistic Regression emerged as the preferred model due to its high accuracy and comprehensive performance metrics, making it a dependable tool for distinguishing between human and AI-generated content across various applications.

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Written text, text generation, Machine learning

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A survey was made on the farmers' rice fields to study the insect pests and their natural enemy complex in rice ecosystem of eastern Vidarbha of Maharashtra, India. In both kharif (wet) and rabi (dry) seasons a pest complex of 23 insect pests belonging to 7 orders and 14 families was recorded and identified. Of all these, 4 pest species viz., yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker), leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guen.), brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and whitebacked planthopper, Sogatela furcifera (Horvath) were infesting rice crop very commonly and thus representing major pest status. The incidence of S. incertulus in the rabi season was much higher than that of the kharif season. The peak density of C. medinalis in the kharif season was much higher than that of the rabi season. The incidence of N. lugens and S. furcifera during rabi season were much lower as compared to the kharif season. The infestation of S. furcifera was noticed at an early stage of the crop growth whereas the BPH appeared in appreciable number at the grain filling stage of crop causing heavy loss. About 11 parasitoids and 23 predatory insects and spiders were active and effectively regulating the populations of all the four major pests. Among the parasitic wasps Apantales spp., Trichomma cnaphalocrosis, Ophius spp. and Temelucha spp. appeared frequently in the rice fields and out of 23 predators, dragonflies, damselfly, Agriocnemis femina, lady bird beetles, Micraspis discolor and Hormonia octamaculata, rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes and ground beetle, Ophionia indica were found to be abundantly predating on immature and mature stages of major and minor pests. Among the 4 species of spiders recorded as non-insect predators, L. pseudoannulata was found to be predominant species predating on all types of pests. The abundance of dragonflies, lady bird beetle, M. discolor and rove beetle, P. fuscipes was more in rabi than in kharif season whereas spiders and ground beetle, C. indica were dominant during kharif season. The findings of present study may help in Integrated Pest Management technique to control the major insect pests of rice ecosystem.

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Eastern Vidarbha, farmers' fields, kharif, natural enemies, pests complex, rabi.

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ABSTRACT o Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of death in middle-to-high-income nations and the main cause of acquired physical disability in people globally. It is a significant global health problem and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries, and increasingly in low-middle income countries. Many stroke survivors experience the incapacitating feeling of fatigue, which is a predictor of death following stroke start. Post stroke fatigue is one of the common complications, with prevalence of 16-74%. Post stroke fatigue is multidimensional motor-perceptive, emotional and cognitive experience that effects the activities of daily living. It presents itself as lack of energy, helplessness and excessive burn out. It may be the reason for depression. It is different from the normal fatigue which ameliorates on rest. This type of fatigue persists even after neurological recovery in stroke patients. The PSF is associated with functional deficits and participation restrictions in the activities of daily living (ADL) and leads to a lower quality of life. o Purpose: To study the effects of vestibular rehabilitation on post stroke fatigue and quality of life. o Methodology: Participants were briefed about the nature of the study and the intervention. Their informed written consent was taken. 30 participants were selected based on the selection criteria. Prior and after the treatment the outcome measures that is Fatigue severity scale and Stroke specific quality of life scale were taken. Intervention protocol was given for 1 hour, 3times a week for 8 weeks. o Result: The p-value after paired t tests in both groups is less than 0.05 which indicates the strong evidence that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of fatigue and quality of life in stroke patients after vestibular rehabilitation. o Conclusion: The present study concluded that there is significant improvement in post stroke fatigue and quality of life in stroke patients after vestibular rehabilitation

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Stroke, post stroke fatigue, quality of life, vestibular rehabilitation.

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With the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years, technology has made surveillance smarter. AI-powered cameras and surveillance systems can now perform many tasks independently and effectively act as highly intelligent surveillance tools. However, the widespread use of these AI surveillance systems raises serious concerns about individual privacy rights. This study delves into the interplay between AI surveillance and privacy to reveal the intricacies and challenges that arise in this changing field. This research aims to deepen the understanding of ethics, law, and influence in society by investigating the various effects of cognitive skills on self-evaluation. Its goal is to provide better understanding for policymakers, legal experts, and technologists as they consider the balance between security needs and personal privacy rights in the digital age.

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- AI Surveillance, Privacy Rights, Ethical Implications, Legal Framework, Technological Impact.

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Rajasthan's cultural landscape is enriched by a multitude of religious beliefs and practices, many of which are intertwined with the worship of local deities. These deities, often associated with specific communities or regions, hold a significant place in the spiritual lives of the people. This paper explores the religious diversity of Rajasthan, focusing on the worship of local deities and the songs dedicated to them. Drawing upon ethnographic research and musical analysis, the paper illuminates the role of music in the veneration of local deities and its cultural significance.

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Rajasthan, religion, local deities, folk songs, cultural heritage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Father of Nation Mahamanab Mahatma Gandhi called Bapuji who had champion for his thought & ideology on Aahmisa, Truth and Non-violence etc. Our country India basically gets its Independent in way of Non-violence and Non-cooperation manner. For every independent country, there must require a legend law of the nation that is Constitution, for day to day smoothly functioning of the state. Our nation India also recognized its supreme law of the land in the year of 1950 January 26th and declared India as a sovereign, democratic & republic country. Our country India that is Bharat world's biggest democratic county and its constitution has world's lengthiest written constitution. India is a country where there are diversity reflect in culture, language, food habit, custom & tradition in every aspect of life but there is unity we are all Bharatiya , our mother law constitution binding all of us as a Bharatiya. This constitution was not passed or prepared by Parliament; It was made by the Constituent Assembly i.e. we the people of Bharat, which was constituted in the year 1946, before independent of our Country. There were 389 members in constituent assembly but Mahatma Gandhi was not member or directly participated of this assembly, but his thought & ideology took part in our constitution and these principles are reflect in the Preamble, Fundamental Rights , Directive Principal of State Policy, Fundamental duties and any other part of the constitution. Gandhi's ideology not only occupied a vital position in our constitution but also reflect in various rules, regulations, five year plan, foreign relation, foreign policy, Agreement, treaty, in make in India , Swachha Bharat Abhiyan and in present days in G-20 of Bharat also. This paper proposes to highlight the Gandhian Principles and Ideology which are took part our constitution and how these principle are helpful not only person's but also nation's character building process as well as globally reflect.

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Truth, Non-violence, Peace, Village Panchyat, Equality, abolition of Untouchability, and Swwacha Bharat etc

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Smoothie bowls offer the chance to combine flavors, textures, and appearance while preserving the nutritional value. Due to the abundance of fiber, good fats, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other phyto-nutrients human system can utilize it in a well manner which can provide us nourishment for many hours. The present study is giving insights about the different smoothie bowls along with the recipes and the provision of health benefits in our day to day life. Now a day, Smoothie bowls become a trend among everyone because of its convenience and hassle free preparation and the satiety value. This study is basically focusing on the weight management therapy with smoothie bowl as obesity and under nutrition are the two major problems in the developed and developing countries. This malnutrition can lead to different types of lifestyle co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and so on. So to tackle the malnutrition, smoothie bowl can be a dietary approach in the present day lifestyle.

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Smoothie Bowls, Weight Management, Malnutrition, Phytonutrients, Convenience Food. Well Being.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) serve as intricate systems that integrate hardware, networking, and application domains, revolutionizing various fields with their pervasive nature. Within this context, this review aims to delve into the multifaceted components and challenges within the realm of WSNs, providing a comprehensive exploration. The focal points include examining the intricate communication protocols that form the backbone of WSNs and elucidating the myriad applications across domains such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial IoT. This exploration also encompasses a critical analysis of the challenges faced in WSNs, touching upon energy efficiency, security concerns, scalability issues, and data processing intricacies. Furthermore, this review navigates through the factors that significantly influence the design of sensor networks, internal system considerations crucial for WSN operation, and indispensable network services. A clustering technique is one of the most effective methods for saving energy and extending the lifespan of a network. The nodes of homogeneous WSNs typically possess similar resources, while nodes of heterogeneous WSNs tend to have varying energy levels, making clustering effective as a method to extend the lifetime of the network by selecting the cluster head node based on the energy level of each node. It emphasizes the pivotal role WSNs play across various applications and domains, highlighting their potential in shaping future technological advancements. In essence, this review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the complexities and opportunities inherent in WSNs, providing a solid foundation for understanding their significance and the evolving landscape of this dynamic field.

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Wireless Sensor Networks, Communication Protocols, Network Layers, Energy Efficiency, Security, Scalability, clustering, and cluster head selection.

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The 2007 Act for Senior Citizens' Maintenance and Welfare is a comprehensive legislative framework that offers vital financial, healthcare, and social assistance to senior citizens for further improvement and fostering understanding of compassion and active aging can better assist senior citizens and benefit from supporting and fostering relationships across generations, and knowledge and older individuals remain engaged and valued in society and the act provides a substantial legal framework for comprehensive elderly assistance, challenges necessitate revisions of laws to better cater to this vital population

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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senior citizen, elderly care, legislation, senior citizen, financial support, mentoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition