Volume 8 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm which is simply called as DIP and it is also use of computer algorithm to create, processing, and display digital images. We can remove noise, and improve clarity of images using Linear Filter , Median Filter , Adaptive Filtering during this processing. It is include remote sensing data via satellite, medical image processing, radar and sonar image processing and robotics. Digital image processing has become economical in many fields like signature recognition, iris recognition and face recognition, in forensics, in automobile detection and in military applications. Each of these applications has its basic requirements, which may be unique from the others. Everyone is concerned and demands a system as faster, more accurate, cheaper and more extensive computation. This paper has reviewed various image processing operations to illustrate the basic concepts and to use them in different fields with minor changes in the methodology. Modern technology had made this possible to manipulate multi-dimensional signals. It has broad spectrum of applications.

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Keywords: Digital image processing, quantization, noise, face and signature recognition, sampling and applications.

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Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the organization for life time or maximum period of time. It is a strategic tool for the success of the firm. Employee retention is a technique adopted by businesses to maintain an effective workforce and at the same time meet operational requirements. Employees are the greatest asset for an organization. Therefore, every organization must treat their employees as ends and not means to ends because they add value to the organization. The objective of the study was to measure the perception of employees for employee retention

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Employee Satisfaction Retention

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Abstract: �Narayana Narayana Vasudeva kaithozhunnen� when you hear this beautiful song undoubtedly you can say it is Poorakkali, the ritual of integrating dance and music in North Malabar which become more and more popular in present day. The reason that I choose to write about this ritual art, because today this is practiced and performed by the artist without any cast of religious barriers. Once this art form was only performed within the temples of Kasargod and Kannur Districts. It is a great pleasure to see that Poorakkali has come out from the shrine and to have many entertainers all over the world.

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Poorakkali, Poovamban, Kuravai Koothu

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Background: Humans spend a third of their life sleeping. Quality sleep is critical for proper functioning of the body. Busy lifestyle, more usage of technology, bad food habits, stress leads to disturbed sleep. Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders, in which a person is having difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or having unrefreshing sleep despite having ample opportunity to sleep. Yoga, meditation, exercise is beneficial for insomnia in which, exercise plays an important role in improving sleep quality. Need of the study is to develop subject specific structural exercise protocol according to the severity of insomnia. Aim: To evaluate the effect of physiotherapy intervention on sleep quality in subjects with Subthreshold Insomnia. Materials and Methods: Total 30 subjects (25-65 years both male and female) having insomnia Severity Index score between 8 to 14 participated in the study. After taking consent, Sleep quality was measured by (PSQI) and Sleep diary was explained to the participants. Sleep hygiene education was given, and moderate intensity interval exercises were given for 4 days/week for 4 weeks. 1st session was supervised and rest of all were self-performed at home in the evening after 5 pm. Follow-up was taken at the end of 3rd week and 4th week. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Intragroup analysis was done using Repeated measures ANOVA test which shows significant improvement that is p vale < 0.05 for ISI & PSQI. Conclusion: Exercise intensity, frequency and duration remains key factor for designing physical and functional exercises to have impact on subthreshold insomnia. Severity based exercise program should be taken into consideration and opens a new practice for Physiotherapists in people with insomnia.

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Sleep disorders, Insomnia, Sleep quality, Exercise, Insomnia severity index, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Sleep diary

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This study observed that the novel coronavirus severity jostled the most powerful and less influential states of the world into economic threat due to the deactivation of local and international economic activities, which saw the halt of forward and backward linkages. Similarly, the novel corona contagion triggered the immobilisation of persons locally and internationally. Hence ill impacted the global value chain. Central to the aim of decoupling international economic activities and immobilisation of persons is to curtail the spread of the virus. This study observed the approach adopted by the developed axis and the developing axis nay Africa. Concurrently, it was noted that the pandemic threatened the health security of the developed nations, but the social and economic threat was minimal as they are self-sufficient. It explains why developed countries and China were able to adopt self-help and regional approaches to the pandemic. On the contrary, the African continent was not only threatened by health security but clobbered by the economic shock which threatened social security. This is a qualitative study where data were solely generated from secondary sources such as journal articles, online news, textbooks, and reports. Three theoretical frameworks guided this study: the realist theory analysed the skepticism of states towards one another and international regimes in an anarchic international terrain. Consequently, classical development theories (modernisation and dependency) dissected the exogenous and endogenous approaches adopted by primary international actors in the phase of COVID-19. The developed nations and China adopted a dependency approach, while the developing countries nay Africa wholly relied on a modernisation approach to the pandemic and imminent threat it posed. Unfortunately, the modernisation approach did not abate the spread of the pandemic in Africa, but conversely eroded an endogenous approach and made Africa indebted to international monetary regimes. It was equally observed that the reliance on imported welfare exposed the decay of Africa's health sector and its unsustainable economy. Central to the absence of sustainable development in Africa is the unethical reliance on imported welfare, which is an indication of the inability to produce final goods and the absence of real inter-regional trade. This study concluded that the exogenous approach to COVID-19 adopted by the African continent is not potent to overcome the severities of COVID-19. The African continent in the fight against the pandemic should adopt a multilateral approach, which will link the African economies together to balance against the economic shock. Similarly, African medical scientists and trado-medical professionals should synergise in an Afrocentric platform sponsored by the African states, to work vehemently on seeking a solution to the pandemic. Finally, the study warns the African nation to desist from unethical reliance on international regimes and foreign partners as states are known for using aid for the advancement of geo-strategic and geopolitical interests. It is evident in the approach of China in Europe in the phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Endogenous approach; Exogenous approach; Self-help; geo-strategic interest; geopolitical interest; unsustainable development; Imported welfare

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To complement the non-surgical therapy, there are multiple options of antimicrobials that can be locally delivered into the mucosa, such as metronidazole, chlorhexidine, minocycline, doxycycline and tetracycline. These drugs are used in periodontal pockets and can inhibit or eliminate the periodontopathogenic microorganisms as well as modulate the inflammatory response of the tissues. Antibacterial agents are used along with mechanical debridement for the management of periodontal infection. The effectiveness of all the methods are limited due to the lack of accessibility in the periodontal pocket. Periodontal pocket provides an ideal environment for the growth of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Provetella intermedia.

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Antimicobials, mechanical debridement, tetracyclines

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Probiotics are dietary supplements, that have been advocated for the prevention and the treatment of various diseases. These products consist of essential micro-organisms, which stimulate health promoting flora thus, suppressing the pathologic colonization. Now time has arrived so that paradigm of treatment is shifted from elimination of specific bacteria to altering bacterial ecology by using probiotics. They have shown promising effects in the oral health with respect to control of chronic disease like periodontitis, dental caries and recurring problems like candidal infections, halitosis, aphthous ulcers etc. Probiotics form a biofilm in oral cavity that is protective against oral diseases. Since, probiotics are now widely used in both medical and dental specialties, a thorough understanding of their risks and benefits are essential. This review focuses on the recent trends in use of probiotics in dentistry, to understand the mechanism of action of probiotic bacteria in the oral cavity as well as the potential risks associated with it.

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Dentistry, Probiotics, Oral diseases, Oral Flora, Oral Health

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When we think about tourism, a very wide picture comes in our mind. India is very rich country in terms of tourism. If we talk about tourism we talk about places, culture, and socio economic development, employment of regional people, infrastructure, climate change and overall boost in the economy. When a person starts from his place to a tourist destination, he becomes the source of income for numerous people , sectors come across like local transport, Airways, railways, roadways, hotels, Restaurants, and source of employment for the regional and local people. So we can say that if Government focuses on tourism industry they focus on the economy of a particular region, livelihood of the local people, infrastructural development like roads, Hotels etc. But we must also think about the other related aspects of the tourism like pollution, crime, deforestation, eco-system, Bio- diversity etc. Introduction:

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Tourism: A way of life � A Case study of Jim Corbett national park, uttarakhand

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A serious need has been raised to protect the building structural members from adverse effect of fire during a fire outbreak. Contemporarily fire protective coatings have been seen more prominently in use for their numerous advantages over conventional fire protecting barriers in passive fire protection systems. However, there have been frequent cases of defects, non-performance and eventually failure of coating prior to estimated design service life. Thus a need arises to efficiently plan for design intervention and execution stages of fire protective coating systems to enhance their performance and durability. This study aims to identify causes of defects and subsequent failures in coating system to frame mitigation measures in order to avoid the occurrence of failure by careful selection of fire protective coating based on its suitability with structural member and precautions taken prior to and during the application process of the coatings.

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Intumescent coating, vermiculite coating, Fire retardant coating, Fire resistant coating, Ablative coating, Passive Fire protection

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Hydraulics of bridge is first step of bridge planning and involves lengthy calculations to assess maximum flood discharge, highest flood level and maximum velocity by using data obtained from field such as topography of bridge site, bed material, strata available for foundation, annual rainfall in catchment area, highest observed and ordinary flood levels, bed slope, etc. All these parameters are required to assess forces acting on bridge structure to make it sustainable in severe conditions. After hydraulic calculations, we move to planning of bridge structure, i.e., deciding span arrangement, slab thickness, type of foundation, pier and abutment sizes, bearings, return walls, railing, wearing course, etc according to standard type plans prepared by the Indian Road Congress for National Highways and Bridge Design Organisation of Govt. of Maharashtra for bridges on State Highways, District and village roads in Maharashtra. An Excel program has been specially prepared for hydraulic calculations and further extended to design of piers, abutments, slabs, bearings and to work out cost of bridge along with its approaches. Thus, this program can be an excellent tool to work out techno-economic feasibility of proposed bridge. For the purpose of this study, a case of construction bridge on river Kavathala in Chimur Town, Maharashtra has been considered and accordingly, a Microsoft Excel program is created for hydraulic calculations and further extended to design of various components of bridge. This program is universal and can be used for any similar bridge proposal after erasing old data and feeding new data in Excel sheet named as �New Case�. Data taken from this sheet is linked to hydraulic calculation sheets and further linked to bridge components� design sheets. Thus, any change in basic data reflects in every sheet. Any mismatch of data or value beyond specified range is displayed as �????� in sheet named as �Check�, thus error in data feeding or output which is out of range is eliminated.

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hydraulic calculations, bridge design, planning, excel

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Deep down the history when every ambit of the society was encumbered with illness of social stratifications, the person named Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar taken his birth in the year 1891 on 14th April in Madhya Pradesh. Thawed in its acceptability, the society turned against Ambedkar because of his strata, stationed as the lower one in the chronology of the caste system. Sheer deprivation and indignation was the only glory left for him. Every steps of his life was shackled with exploitations, left with only one identity that he was a person belonged from the Dalit community. Being deprived of the very essence of life in terms of enjoying the spirit of life and liberties, Ambedkar stood strong in acknowledging the pain of the society. He later stood as one of the tallest person of the time being envisioned with justice, liberty and equality. India when ruffled its feather of independency, the man who in his past had tasted the misery of the country was given the work of mastery. He fostered the temper of constitutionalism in the practice of creed and nationalism, voiced towards having an incognito effect of creed within nationalism. Or castrated with rationality he had seasoned the time by unfolding the greatest ever document in the history of the world itself. In creating the lengthiest constitution he envisaged in its spirit the ethos of humanity. A lot has happened prior to the master�s passing away and today in the country of pluralism many challenges has erected, combating to which rest forth the Ambedkar�s views. Whether one fundamental right does have an opportunity to subsume the other fundamental rights as per as right to religion and right to life is concerned or on appointment of the judges prima facie view of the Chief justice will rest over the President, all these are the issues needed serious introspections through the eyes of Ambedkar. The present article concerned with all the issues presently hobnobbing across the horizon in addressing of which Ambedkar�s ramification in a virtual reincarnated form is the urge and cry of all the anticipations.

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incognito,ramification, re-incarnated, anticipations

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Abstract: The study on low velocity impact damage in fiber reinforced laminated composite structures has a major importance in Aerospace industries. This paper deals with the development of finite element models to simulate the damage or failure initiation and its propagation in a carbon fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composite structure due to a low velocity impact. An experimental work have been conducted by authors specified in literature for a circular plate made from carbon/epoxy material which is subjected to low energy impact of different magnitude as 7.33 J, 11.03 J and 14.67 J based on a drop weight impact test according to ASTM D7136 M-15. An equivalent model is simulated using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element modeling tool using three dimensional (3D) Hashin failure criteria for intralaminar damage initiation and stiffness degradation is achieved using scalar damage variables. A three dimensional solid interface element (or cohesive element) is introduced in between adjacent layers with different fiber orientation to simulate the interlaminar damage initiation using quadratic stress criteria and Benzeggagh-Kenane (B-K) fracture criterion for damage propagation. The 3D Hashin failure criteria is implemented as the user implemented material subroutine (VUMAT) code using Fortran programming language. The damage in fiber and matrix is represented using four scalar damage variables of a particular modes of failure with the help of solution dependent state variables (SDV). The interlaminar damage is represented using the area of deleted elements of solid interface. The numerical result is validated with an experimentally obtained one from literature and showing an excellent agreement and thus it shows the accuracy of the currently proposed finite element model.

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Keywords: Damage, Finite element method, Laminated structure, , low velocity impact

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This project deals with the analysis of saturation flow at signalized intersections in urban areas. At-grade intersections are one of the most important elements that control the performance of road network. For efficient and safe movement majority of the intersections are signalized and large volumes of traffic on city road network. The capacity, the design and operation of a signalized intersection critically depend on passenger car unit (PCU) and saturation flow. Operation and Performance of signalized intersections is influenced by the operating parameters, traffic condition, roadway parameters and environmental conditions along with user�s behavioral characteristics which significantly differ among locations. The intersections on urban roads in India cater to heterogeneous motorized traffic along with slow-moving traffic including pedestrians. Therefore, it is necessary to consider saturation flow for mixed traffic conditions and passenger car unit (PCU) to evaluate the overall operation of signalized intersections.

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Passenger Car Unit (PCU), Signalized Intersection, Saturation Flow and Mixed Traffic.

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Abstract: Study involves providing study resources for students to use outside the class so that class time is freed up for instructional activities. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of flipped classroom activity as a teaching�learning method. Materials and methods:In this interventional study, 60 students were divided into two batches of flipped class and traditional teaching . An online Google group was created for the batch of FC. Brief introduction and pre-recorded videos related to the assigned topic were posted in the Google group. Discussion was carried out in the form of solving cases and problem-solving exercises. Pretest and posttest were conducted at each session, and an end of module test was conducted for both the groups. Results:There was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest scores and also the mean scores of summative test between two groups (P < 0.001). The perception of the students regarding FC was also evaluated. Eighty-two percent strongly agreed that FC was more engaging and interesting in comparison to traditional class. Seventy-six percent strongly agreed that more such classes should be conducted in the future. Conclusion:Flipped classroom improved the student performance and learning experience effectively as compared to traditional teaching, and students� response was also largely positive.

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Abstract: Study involves providing study resources for students to use outside the class so that class time is freed up for instructional activities. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of flipped classroom activity as a teaching�learning method. Materials and methods:In this interventional study, 60 students were divided into two batches of flipped class and traditional teaching . An online Google group was created for the batch of FC. Brief introduction and pre-recorded videos re

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In this Project Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks and ruts. Before going into the maintenance strategies, we must look into the causes of failure of bituminous pavements. Failures of bituminous pavements are caused due to many reasons or combination of reasons. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e. unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations. Along with the maintenance techniques there are various methods for pavement preservation which will help in enhancing the life of pavement and delaying of its failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible causes of pavement distresses, and to recommend remedies to minimize distress of the pavement. The paper describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Based on the past experiences various pavement preservation techniques and measures are also discussed which will be helpful in increasing the serviceable life of pavement. This project deals with the pavement deterioration and its causes. It has been seen that only 3 parameters i.e. unevenness index, pavement cracking and rutting are considered while other distresses have been omitted while going for maintenance operations.

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Pavement, unevenness index, rutting, distresses.

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Indexing and Abstracting are essentials processes that ensure that information contained in documents is easily retrieved. Indexing is a collection of data stored on a computer or a set of cards in alphabetical order. The study provides a summary of Indexing, history, types, and indexing agencies. This study's objective is to emphasize the importance of Indexing and different indexing agencies' expectations from journals. The most familiar indexing agencies such as EBSCO, DOAJ, Elsevier selection criteria for journals to get indexed by them are discussed here. These agencies' expansion, evolution, & their consistency in publishing is focused. There are very few research articles on the Indexing of journals. The article tries to overcome the lack of materials on Indexing & to create awareness about it among Research scholars and teaching fraternity.

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Indexing, Indexing Agencies, Open access database, types of Indexing, EBSCO, DOAJ.

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The Nusa Tenggara Timur province is one of the province in Indonesia that has the potential of development the poultry industry so that it needs to be studied aspects and impacts of the existence of a breeds company of racial chicken to be established. Therefore a this study was used descriptive method, then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the Nusa Tenggara Timur province has the potential to be established breeding companies but needs to consider several aspects, namely: aspects of law politics, socio culture, economy, land available against the rate population growth, and market chains.

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companies, breeding, racial chicken

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ABSTRACT Vocabulary plays a vital role in learning a language; native speakers find it difficult to inculcate the habit of getting through the vocabulary. They learn it for either academic or business purpose. Without basic vocabulary a person lacks confidence and in turn without confidence he hesitates to communicate with others be it oral or written. This journal is mainly to develop the vocabulary with the help of Games, group activities, play way method etc. When these methods are involved the way of learning understanding along with retaining the information becomes an easy task to any non- native speakers. English is a language bound with vocabulary and its based thing. At present there are nearly 1,71,476 vocabulary and to learn or know all of it is not possible. Beyond all this things one has to familiarize with vocabulary and it is possible through play way method.

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Key words: Vocabulary, games, activities, learning, communication

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Timely delivery of justice is part of human rights. Right to a speedy trial is integral part of Rule of Law and Constitutionalism. Not only India, many countries across the globe are suffering with backlogs in criminal adjudications. Inordinate delay in disposal of criminal cases, reduces the trust of common man in the criminal justice administration. Hon�ble Supreme Court of India in Hussainara Khatoon v. Union of India recognized right to a speedy trial as part of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. From pre-independence to till date executive, legislature and judiciary took several steps to address the problem through legislative, administrative and judicial reforms. Despite of efforts, pendency rate in criminal trials is increasing day-by-day in India. Questions were raised before the Hon�ble Supreme Court about the fixation of outer time limit for disposal of criminal cases. In Raj Deo Sharma v. State of Bihar I & II, the apex court rejected the idea of fixing a time frame for speedy disposal of criminal cases, stating that acquittal of accused on the basis non-disposal of the case within the prescribed limitation period, is a danger to the existence of the criminal justice system. In 2016, Supreme Court of Canada in R. Jordan prescribed a presumptive ceiling limit for ensuring the right to a speedy trial of the accused with an exception to criminal cases involving adults. In 2020, R v. K.G.K, the similar presumptive ceiling limit has been extended to the cases involving youth. However, the apex court of Canada laid down the caution rule, how long is too long, will depend on a host of factors, the existence of which will depend on the peculiar circumstances of each case. The article analyzed the stand of Indian judiciary over fixing an outer time limit for the conclusion of criminal trial and comparing the India�s position with Canada.

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Right to a Speedy Trial, Criminal trial, Fixation of Outer Time Limit, Presumptive ceiling limit, How long is too Long

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Polysubstituted iminopyridines Methyl 2-[6- (4-bromophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2- imino-4-methylsulfanylpyridine-1-ly]-3-phenylpropanoate & Methyl 2-[6- (4-bromophenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-4-methylsulfanylpyridine-1- ly]-3- propanoate were synthsized by the action of ? � amino acid esters on 6-aryl-3- cyano-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-one under microwave irradiation. Synthesized compounds were validated by elemental and spectral data. Whole process was economical and eco-friendly.

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Polysubstituted iminopyridines, Microwave irradiation, Eco-friendly, Chalcones 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-one, ? - amino acid esters.

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