Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Road maintenance is critical for ensuring safe and efficient transportation networks, with potholes posing significant risks to vehicles and pedestrians. Current methods of pothole detection are often labor-intensive or rely on expensive sensor technologies. This project proposes an innovative approach using deep learning for automated pothole detection. The focus is on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), known for their effectiveness in image analysis tasks. The project involves adapting and fine-tuning state-of-the-art CNN architectures through transfer learning, leveraging pre-trained models on large-scale image datasets to improve accuracy across various road conditions. Key challenges addressed include the variability in pothole appearances (size, shape, depth) and the system's robustness to environmental conditions such as lighting and weather. Real-time processing capabilities are prioritized for practical deployment on vehicles or drones equipped with cameras. Evaluation metrics include detection accuracy, precision, recall, and computational efficiency, measured using annotated datasets from urban and rural environments. By enabling proactive maintenance strategies through timely pothole detection, the system aims to enhance road safety and optimize infrastructure management. This research contributes to advancing automated road inspection systems, facilitating safer and more efficient road networks through technological innovation.

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 Keywords

Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Object Detection, Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pothole Detection, Road Maintenance, Real-time Monitoring, Transfer Learning, Data Augmentation, Edge Computing, 5G Networks, Predictive Analytics, Infrastructure Management, Autonomous Systems

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Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Population, household size and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used.

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A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding importance of water conservation among the residents of urban areas Indore.

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The "Data Retrieval from Broken Devices" project tends to the basic test of removing data from harmed or failing electronic devices, enveloping a assortment of mediums, for example, cell phones, hard drives, and memory cards. With the pervasiveness of computerized data, the failure to get to data from broken devices presents a critical obstruction to people and associations. This venture centers around fostering a complete philosophy for the retrieval of data from assorted broken devices, taking into account both equipment and programming based recuperation draws near. The system is supported by a careful comprehension of the novel difficulties presented by physical harm, data debasement, and different issues normal to failing devices. Our group utilizes a scope of particular devices and gear to execute the data retrieval process, tending to the unmistakable prerequisites of every gadget class. The venture not just diagrams the specialized advances associated with data recuperation yet additionally accentuates the moral and lawful contemplations innate in taking care of touchy data. Key parts of the venture incorporate the classification of broken devices, a nitty gritty assessment of moves intended for every classification, and the definition of protection and safety efforts to defend the recuperated data. The documentation gives a bit by bit manual for the data retrieval process, guaranteeing straightforwardness and replicability. The progress of this undertaking is proven by the thorough documentation of discoveries, including approval cycles to guarantee data trustworthiness. The created approach, apparatuses, and methods add to the foundation of a powerful structure for future data retrieval tries. This theoretical epitomizes the meaning of the "Data Retrieval from Broken Devices" project, offering an answer for a unavoidable issue in the computerized age while underlining moral contemplations and giving important bits of knowledge for future undertakings in the field of data recuperation.

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Data Retrieval form Broken devices

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ABSTRACT Topical drug delivery systems have become crucial for treating localized skin conditions, providing targeted action with minimal systemic side effects. Emulgels, combining emulsions and gels, offer a controlled delivery system that accommodates both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Discovered a century ago, Pickering emulsions have been extensively studied in recent decades. This type of emulsion is uniquely stabilized solely by solid particles positioned at the oil-water interface. By properly selecting and adjusting the types and properties of solid emulsifiers, Pickering emulsions can be utilized in various industries, such as biomedicine, food, fine chemical synthesis, and cosmetics. This review highlights the importance of Pickering emulgels over classical emulsions. In this review, composition, synthesis and characterization parameters of Pickering Emulgels are presented. The objective of this article is to provide a broad view of how the PE can serve as a good choice for local drug delivery because of its excellent penetration properties and its future uses.

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Pickering Emulgel, topical drug delivery, pharmaceutical applications

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality burden in the world. Young patients with CAD are specific subset of population requiring attention. A variety of possible contributing factors that include substance abuse, coronary artery anomalies, oral contraceptive use in young women have been implicated for the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction The world health organization has defined Ischemic heart disease as myocardial function impairment due to imbalance between coronary blood flow and myocardial requirement the most common cause being atherosclerosis. Nurses play a strong role in helping patients reduce their risk for disease and make informed lifestyle changes. Reliability of the nurses is critical for them to serve as role models and educators.

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A study to assess the level of knowledge regarding assessment and management of mayocardial infraction among nursing staff in selected hospital at Indore.

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The Evolution of Human Rights Protections in International Law: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis, explores the development of human rights norms from early philosophical and religious foundations to modern international frameworks. It traces key milestones, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and landmark declarations such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The article examines the establishment and role of the League of Nations, the formation of the United Nations, and the drafting and adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It further analyzes significant international treaties like the ICCPR, ICESCR, CERD, CEDAW, and CRC. The study also addresses contemporary challenges in balancing state sovereignty with international obligations, ensuring compliance, and promoting digital rights and gender equality. The article underscores the importance of grassroots movements, global cooperation, and the continuous strengthening of international mechanisms to uphold human rights globally.

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Human Rights, International Law, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, League of Nations, United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR),Digital Rights, Gender Equality.

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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a beneficial method of caring for premature infants, promoting bonding and improving health outcomes. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of KMC among antenatal mothers in public hospitals, and to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted self-instruction in enhancing their understanding of KMC. A pre-post intervention design will be employed, where participants will undergo educational sessions using instructional videos followed by self-instructional modules. Data will be collected using a structured questionnaire before and after the intervention to assess changes in knowledge and perception. Findings will contribute to understanding the impact of educational interventions on maternal knowledge and readiness to practice KMC.

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Kangaroo Mother Care, preterm infants, antenatal mothers, educational intervention, video-assisted self-instruction

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Sustainable development has emerged as a paramount global imperative in the twenty-first century, driven by the interconnected challenges of environmental degradation, economic inequality, and social injustice. This article explores the multifaceted significance of sustainable development across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The environmental dimension highlights the urgency of mitigating climate change through renewable energy adoption and biodiversity conservation efforts. Economic sustainability is examined through the lens of resource efficiency and the promotion of green technologies, emphasizing their role in fostering long-term economic prosperity. Social sustainability underscores the critical link between sustainable development and poverty alleviation, alongside initiatives promoting health, well-being, and equitable access to resources. Effective governance and international cooperation are pivotal in achieving sustainable development goals, necessitating robust national policies and collaborative efforts on a global scale. Education and awareness play crucial roles in fostering a collective commitment to sustainability, with emphasis on empowering future generations through comprehensive environmental education and impactful public awareness campaigns. Despite challenges such as economic costs and political inertia, the article outlines optimistic future prospects, fuelled by emerging technologies and the growing influence of youth-led movements. It concludes with a call to action for concerted global efforts and individual responsibility, envisioning a sustainable future founded on innovation, equity, and environmental stewardship.

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Environmental Stewardship, Social Equity, Economic Resilience, Climate Action, Global Collaboration.

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Lorraine Hansberry opens the floodgates of the stage for black writers, being the first black woman playwright and representing African-American families in her realistic play, A Raisin in the Sun. In the play, Hansberry brilliantly paints the portrait of a working-class family depicted by the Younger family, which in itself becomes a microcosm of Afro-American family conditions of living in the ghetto and blatant racism that prevailed even after the abolition of slavery. This paper attempts to explore the theme of deferred dreams of the characters in the play in context to the question of What happens to a dream deferred? in Hughes's poem Montage of a Dream Deferred.

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American Dream, Equality, Separation, Deference of dreams, American Myth, Black Community A

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In the 21st Century Education Scenario, Mathematical Literacy holds greater significance than traditional Mathematics because it emphasizes the application of Mathematical concepts in real-world problems. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India point out the significance of Mathematical Literacy as a crucial component of the educational framework. The investigator tries to find out the contextual problems for the meaningful understanding of Mathematical structures and procedures which are pivotal for mathematization. To enhance mathematical literacy among learners at secondary level, interlink among the mathematical structures are to be emphasized. For this purpose, the investigator analyzed 8 th Standard Mathematics textbook (Part I) followed by SCERT, Kerala based on the four contexts defined by PISA Framework 2021. The number of problem references in each context was converted into tabular form. The analysis of data reveals that the secondary Mathematics curriculum focused more on scientific contexts compared to personal, societal contexts; while the occupational context remains zero. Also it reveals that Eight Standard Part I Mathematics textbook should incorporate more balanced variety of problems including personal, societal, and occupational contexts alongside scientific ones would enrich students' learning experience, making Mathematical concepts more relevant and applicable to real-world situations

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Mathematical Literacy, Secondary Mathematics Curriculum

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Assistive technology, voice recognition, sensor-based systems, mobility aids, rehabilitation, speech synthesis, user interfaces, healthcare technology, patient care, accessibility devices, voice- controlled devices, and home healthcare all contribute to enhancing the quality of life.

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Abstract It had been said by colonial scholars and historians that India possessed no history by pointing out that ancient India had a rich heritage of religious texts and literature. Still, it lacks historical works as compared to the scholars of Greece and Rome of those times who had systematically documented their period. It was only at the beginning of the medieval period that Muslim scholars started writing histories to document the triumph of Islam. But if we study the great literary works of Sanskrit literature in ancient India i.e. 'itihas-puran tradition', itivrtta, akhyayika, vansabali, carita, and chronicle of kings, then we find that they forms some types of historical sense. In this paper, I will point out the ideas of historical sense in the Sanskrit literature in India with special reference to Kalhana's 'Rajatarangini'. I will mostly focus on the translation which had been carried out by various historians through the 16th, 17th, 18th 19th, and 20th centuries, historical debates on the nature of Kalhana's 'Rajatarangini' and its values, his themes and contents, etc. There have been a lot of ongoing arguments related to to 'Rajatarangini' to define it as a literary work or a historical work. My work will try to show that it should be seen as the historical or the great literary texts written by a great man of Kashmir in the 12th century AD.

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Rajatarangini, Kalhana, Heritage, Chronology, Historical Issues

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The present research paper deals with mineral metabolism in the leaves of Syngonium podophyllum Schott infected with fungus Colletotrichum sp. Leaves samples were acid digested according to the method of Toth et al., (1948). The minerals such as manganese, zinc, copper, iron and boron were estimated by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer- Thermo-scientific-AAA-Chemito AA 203 model, while potassium, calcium, sodium were estimated by Flame photometer (Systronics-128 model), and element phosphorus was estimated by Sekine et al., (1965) method. The minerals phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron and manganese were considerably enhanced in the infected leaves, on contrary sodium, potassium, copper and boron content were diminished in the infected tissue, resulting in high metabolic shift under pathogenesis.

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Syngonium podophyllum, Colletotrichum sp., minerals, AAS, Flame-photometer.

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This study explores the application of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) technique in managing pharmaceutical inventory at Pfizer Inc. Efficient inventory management is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry due to the high costs associated with overstocking, stock outs, and the necessity for timely medication availability. Inventory management is vital in the pharmaceutical industry due to the critical nature of products and strict regulatory requirements. In this research, researcher analyzed secondary data of Pfizer Inc. This study demonstrates how The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model is a fundamental tool used to minimize the total cost of inventory by determining the optimal order quantity. EOQ can optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and improve service levels. This case study explores how Pfizer Inc., a global leader in pharmaceuticals, implements the EOQ model to manage its inventory effectively. The findings highlight significant improvements in inventory turnover rates, service levels, and cost efficiency following EOQ implementation at Pfizer.

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Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Inventory Management, Pfize Inc.

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Online trading is the process of buying and selling financial products through an internet-based platform. These products can include stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, and more. Online trading platforms are usually provided by brokerage firms that charge a commission or fee for each transaction. Online trading has many benefits, such as convenience, speed, accessibility, and lower costs. However, online trading also involves risks, such as market volatility, security breaches, and lack of regulation. Therefore, online traders should have adequate market knowledge, risk management strategies, and regulatory awareness before they start trading. Online trading refers to buying and selling products on digital financial marketplaces with the aim of capturing profits. Trades are made through a brokerage's internet-based trading platform which means anyone can have access to global markets. Traders can use their computer, tablet or smart phone to place orders and manage their portfolios from anywhere in the world. Traders can capture profits by speculating on the movements of prices rather than buying and owning the underlying asset. For example, if you invest in gold directly, you'll physically own gold and have it stored; but if you trade on gold against the USD (XAU/USD), you'll be speculating on whether its price will become stronger or weaker than the US dollar. This is typically referred to as trading on a secondary market, where investors can resell products to other investors if they think they can take advantage of unexpected changes in price. Market prices are influenced by supply and demand that can be impacted due to several factors. If supply increases prices can drop, and if demand increases prices will rise. These changes in asset value are called 'volatility' and is what allows traders to capture profits.

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Online trading, Attitude

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Micro-small medium plays an important role in the Indian economy it helps to develop the economy by providing job opportunities in developing nations with their creativity. This paper aims to see the impact of MSMEs on improving the standard of living in both rural and urban areas with special drivers of economic growth, generating employment opportunities, creating jobs and entrepreneurship, This paper is based on secondary data from the annual report of MSMEs, Rbi handbook and reviews of extensive papers, finding of this paper MSME helps to improve the standard of living by generating employment opportunities in different industries, MSMEs helps to develop rural areas with creating employment opportunities with own abilities and skill it helps to reduce migration rural to urban areas and it contributes to economy's GDP.

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MSMEs, Employment generation, Economic development

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Three consecutive validation batches of Prothionamide Tablet were manufactured as perapproved batch manufacturing record. The raw materials required for these validation batcheswere procured from approved sources and were taken up for manufacturing after testing andreleasebyqualitycontrol.Therawmaterialsweredispensedasperstandardoperatingprocedure. The process validation was carried out for the three batches. The critical steps ofmanufacturing such as dry mixing, wet granulation, drying, lubrication, compression andcoating.

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Oral Dosage form, Process Validation, Preformulation, Tuberculosis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The definition of a pump is a device which uses suction or pressure to raise or move liquids. Back in Egyptian times, 2000 BC, this meant a long suspended rod with a bucket at one end and a weight at the other. 1800 years later, in arguably the greatest invention of all time, Archimedes devised a mechanical method of lifting low lying water for irrigation and land drainage purposes known as the Archimedean Screw Pump. This method is still very much in use today. Mechanical pumps require power in order to operate, in 200 BC this source of power was the human hand. Animal, wind and water turbine power sources followed, thanks to the development of mechanical power transmission linkages. Steam engines became the main power source at the end of the 18th century, whilst gas and early oil dominated the 19th century. In 1790 Thomas Simpson coupled a reciprocating pump to James Watts rotary motion steam engine, to drive municipal water works pumps on the River Thames. This ultimately led to the formation of Worthington Simpson in 1917, which is now a part of Flowserve. In 1851 John Gwynne filed his first centrifugal pump patent. His early pumps were again steam engine driven but used primarily for land drainage. Allen Gwynne Pumps closed their manufacturing plant within the town of Bedford in 1987, which led to the formation of Bedford Pumps by former members of the pump department at W H Allen. The first electric motor driven pumps finally emerged in the early 1900's. Whilst electric motors now dominate the pump industry, electricity cannot reach all locations and the diesel engine driven pump, with its high torque engine, still plays a significant role in today's mobile pumping market.

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Future Pump Industry in India, Forecast Pumps manufacturing.

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Cybercrime has taken a more destructive direction, due to the introduction of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Cybercriminals can now access tools that have the ability to mimic human behaviour and create schemes which are highly convincing. The aim of this research is to get into the intricate interplay between psychology and technology, when it comes to cybercrime. This study also aims to highlight the underlying mechanisms that drive scamming schemes in the digital landscape, by evaluating how scammers make use of AI for manipulation of emotions and human cognition. In conclusion, it can be said that fraudulent schemes have become more sophisticated with the convergence of human behaviour with technological advancements. The intersection of psychology and cyber fraud has made the environment more complex and vulnerable. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled cybercriminals to personalise their tactics and switch from the traditional rudimentary attacks, to highly targeted ones, which have the capability to exploit the victims on the basis of cognitive biases and emotional vulnerabilities.

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Cyber Fraud, Human Behaviour, AI, Psychology, Cybercriminals, Cognitive Biases, Emotional Vulnerabilities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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COVID-19 pandemic has boosted the journey of Digital transformation in education sector globally. Although the importance of digitization in education sector and more so in higher education was never denied, Indian education system always focused on traditional ways of teaching-learning rather than digital methods. This has led to Indian higher education system lagging behind with respect to the international standards. Across the globe, education industries are competing to bring the international standards to meet the growing demands of students. Hence, it is necessary to carry out comparative analysis of digital transformation in Indian higher education with other countries like China, Indonesia, Brazil and United states of America. Further, the study also attempts to assess the digital readiness of the Indian higher education system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital transformation, Higher education, Global comparison, Online learning, Digital readiness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition