Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The empowerment of women is a major issue in India's development. Increasing women's power and establishing their dominance in the spheres of social, political, legal, financial, and economic spheres are the aims of empowerment. It also suggests that women's equal rights are guaranteed. This study paper examines the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment, with a particular focus on the Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme in India. This study evaluates how well the program raises women's socioeconomic standing, decision-making ability, and sense of overall empowerment through a review of secondary data from several reports, publications, and body of current literature. The article lists achievements, identifies issues, and makes policy recommendations to improve the program's sustainability and impact. This study uses secondary data to empirically investigate the significant role microfinance plays in women's empowerment, with a focus on the Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Program (SHG-BLP).

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Microfinance, SHGs - Bank Linkage Program, Women empowerment.

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Global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed the field of study, leading to rapid changes in online courses in real time. However, this change still creates significant security and privacy issues for teachers and students. This article explores these issues, focusing on issues such as data breaches, inaccessibility, cyberbullying, and the impact of widespread data collection by edtech platforms. Investigates vulnerabilities in various online learning tools and platforms and evaluates their impact on personal privacy and security of sensitive data. Additionally, this article discusses the legal and ethical role of schools in protecting their communities and suggests best practices and strategies to reduce risk.

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Real-time Classes Cybersecurity Privacy Data Protection

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MGNREGS is the first programme in India where the government has officially made social audits mandatory (Acharya, 2010). Section 17 of the MGNREGS Act states that the Gram Sabha shall perform social audits of all works sanctioned under the MGNREGS at least once every six months (Schjodt, 2018; Aiyar et al., 2023) to ensure transparency and accountability of the programme (Dhaktode & Kumar, 2020). The results of the study indicate that most of the respondents are well-awared about the MGNREGS. Further inferential statistics drawn the inference that there exists a significant association among gender, academic qualification, and income with regards to social audit increases transparency in the MGNREGS, and at the same time, age-wise analysis reveals an insignificant association. Likewise, the study ascertains the significant association between age and educational qualification with regards to social audit determines the accountability of the Social Audit Unit in the MGNREGS, whereas demographic variables of gender and income-wise analysis indicate an insignificant association.

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MGNREGS, Social Audit, Awareness, Transparency, Accountability

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This paper explores the diffusion of innovations among the Scheduled Caste population in Mosuru Village, Andhra Pradesh. The study examines how new ideas, practices, and technologies are communicated and adopted within this marginalized community. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to analyze the factors influencing the diffusion process. Key findings reveal the significant roles of social networks, media access, and change agents in the adoption of innovations. The study contributes to the understanding of how targeted communication strategies can enhance development efforts in marginalized communities. The entertainment media play the major part by helping to promote a greater receptiveness to new values and an openness to change. One of the more important effects is to gradually alter the cultural climate and to introduce new values in a slow, diffuse way..

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Diffusion of innovations, Scheduled Caste, Mosuru Village, development communication, social networks.

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INTRODUCTION: Women are said to be the principle and more vulnerable group to the primary osteoporosis subcategory of Involutional Osteoporosis Type I, which occurs postmenopausal, as an outcome of low estrogen that adversely affects the trabecular bone. Reduced estrogen in the menopause causes a detrimental effect on the bonebuilding cells, which impacts the natural procedure of the bone breakdown and repair. It is indicated that age, nutrition, education level, physical movement, and weight as most common risk factors for osteoporosis. Since change in the genetic factor is impossible to yield, the presence of adjustable factor is required for sustaining bone strength and bone density that assists in mitigating the osteoporosis and fracture risk. Osteoporosis is a serious health issue among them, with more than 1.5 million women suffering from fractures as a result of the disease each year, with 44.8 percent of them suffering from hip fractures. Menopausal women are stressed by these musculoskeletal issues. The quality of a woman's life can be significantly impacted by menopause. Their health requirements vary dramatically, and it is critical for women to be aware of the increased health dangers. METHODOLOGY: The research approach was quantitative and research design was Descriptive Survey design. The setting was a village named Takiya, Sasaram, Rohtas. There was 60 post- menopausal women were chosen as sample for study. The assessment was done on a semi structured tool with three different sections. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The findings obtained from the study were in two parts according to analysis of bio psychosocial tool scores. 38.3% of sample are at moderate risk and 61.7% of sample are at high risk and according to analysis of fracture risk assessment tool scores. 33.3% of sample are in mild risk, 35% of sample are in moderate risk, 31.7% of sample are in severe risk.

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Biopsychosocial Problems, Fracture, Menopausal Women, Community Setiing

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BACKGROUND: In recent times humans come across various types of inflammatory conditions. These inflammatory conditions cause discomfort, pain and suffer for acute or chronic period of time. In some case these inflammatory conditions can be fatal. These inflammatory conditions badly affect the quality of life. Hence management of inflammation is much needed. The aim to design an anti-inflammatory drug is to control the inflammatory mediators that cause inflammation and to reduce the symptoms. OBJECTIVE- The objective of anti-inflammatory herbal drug is to provide natural and unconventional approach to managing inflammation in body. These herbal remedies aim to reducing pain and discomfort in body without any side effects on vital organ. These herbal remedies not only reduce inflammation but also enhance the immunity. KEY WORDS- Anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal plants, mode of action, phytoconstituents, uses RESULT- Anti-inflammatory drugs showed effective action against the inflammation and relieve the pain in the body system. Though inflammation is protective biological response of immune system to biological stimuli but the chronic inflammation may be fatal. Due to which complete intervention of inflammation is much needed. As compared to synthetic drug herbal medicine treat inflammation no side effects and is easily available, cheaper and safer option. Presence of phytoconstituents like Gingerol, Turmerones, Piperines, Curcumoids, Shagaols, Allicin, Helacin, etc. Are present in medicinal herbs. These phytoconstituents show anti-inflammatory activity. Different phytoconstituent has a different anti-inflammatory pathway. These phytoconstituents show their action on inflammation pathway by inhibiting lipo-oxygenase , cyclooxygenases, prostaglandins and arachidonic acid, etc. Common anti-inflammatory herbal plants are Ehretia Laevis Robx, Zingiber Officinalis, Piper nigrum, Allium Sativum, Arnica Montana and other plant species. CONCLUSION- Natural herbs are safe, there is no side effect of natural herbs on the body and it is better option than synthetic drugs. The phytoconstituents present in the herbal drugs show comparatively greater action than the synthetic drug

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-inflammatory drugs, herbal plants, mode of action, phytoconstituents, uses

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Analytical study of the technique of social harmony in the thinking of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

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Analytical study of the technique of social harmony in the thinking of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

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Attachment Styles on personality and Emotional Quotient amongst adults play a significant role in today's world. The bonding that people learn in children and carry that style in adult relationships is known as attachment styles. This style is utilized for promoting the survival of young children by ensuring their responsive care. Numerous studies have been carried out centered on attachment styles in various aspects, but only a few studies concentrated on the impacting factors of adult behaviour of attachment styles on personality and emotional quotient. Thus, in the present study, the attachment styles on personality and Emotional quotient among the behaviours of adults is focused and the impacting factors of attachment styles in personality and Emotional quotient are investigated. By using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 103 respondents took part in the study from several universities in southern parts of India. As per the study, "Secure Attachment (SA)", "Avoidance Attachment (AA)", "Ambivalent Attachment (AMA)", and "Disorganized Attachment (DA)" had an important association with personality and Emotional quotient. Then, the study depicted that the Attachment styles had a positive and significant relationship towards developing the personality and Emotional quotient among adults.

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Personality, Attachment Styles, Emotional Quotient, Adult, Behavior

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Cervical cancer develops in a woman's cervix (the entrance to the uterus from the vagina). Almost all cervical cancer cases (73%) are linked to infection with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV), an extremely common virus transmitted through sexual contact. Although most infections with HPV resolve spontaneously and cause no symptoms, persistent infection can cause cervical cancer in women. There is a need of extensive and intensive research in this topic, so that to develop new strategies for educating under graduate college girls regarding prevention of cervical cancer can be made. The finding of the study shows that 73% under graduate college girls have good knowledge, 11% under graduate college girls have average knowledge and 4% under graduate college girls have poor knowledge. Among selected 45 under graduate college girls 73% were have positive attitude and 33% were having neutral attitude regarding prevention of cervical cancer. Finding of the study shows that 4% among the selected sample had poor level of knowledge and attitude. . "Awareness, prevention and detection is what we are striving for to deal with cancer"

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Cervical cancer, knowledge, attitude, under graduate college girls, health information Pamphlet, prevention of cervical cancer.

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Better health is key to human wellbeing therefore every human being has a desire to have a healthier life. In the human development index, the life expectancy rate has been used as a direct indicator of the long and healthy life, however there and different factor that influence indirectly on the healthy life of people. The WHO report (1998) suggest that health expectancy is important than life expectancy. In this paper an attempt made to analyse the health-related infrastructure in selected Indian states. The study found that India has less than one physician per 1000 population (0.77:1000) and it failed to achieve WHO standard. Average population served per government hospital in all over India has reduced, however ratio of average population served per available bed in govt hospital has increased.

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Health Infrastructure, Health, Attainments in Health Infrastructure, Status of Public Health System, Indian Health System

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Pattern recognition plays a crucial role in various domains, including virtual cloud computing, software design, document verification, human activity recognition, and IoT devices. This paper focuses on the application of pattern recognition in cloud computing environments. We delve into different machine learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Genetic Algorithm, and deep learning approaches, exploring their efficacy in preventing and detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, recognizing software design patterns, verifying documents, and recognizing human activities in the cloud. Further, we discuss the segmentation of 3D point cloud data, instance segmentation using fused modalities, and general pattern recognition using machine learning in cloud environments. Through a detailed analysis of existing literature and case studies, this paper aims to provide insights into the current state of the art, challenges, and future directions in pattern recognition for cloud computing.

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Pattern Recognition, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning

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Given that teacher shortage is an international problem, teacher job satisfaction merits closer attention. Not only is job satisfaction closely related to teacher retention, but it also contributes to the well-being of teachers and their students, overall school cohesion and enhanced status of the teaching profession. This study investigates the relations between teacher job satisfaction, school working conditions and teacher characteristics for eighth grade mathematics teachers. The study employs TIMSS 2015 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) data from Sweden. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling are used as main methods. Results demonstrate a substantial association between school working conditions and teacher job satisfaction. More specifically, teacher workload, teacher cooperation and teacher perceptions of student discipline in school were the factors most closely related to teacher job satisfaction. As to teacher characteristics, female teachers, teachers with more exposure to professional development and more efficacious teachers tended to have higher levels of job satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the relationship between the extent of teacher cooperation and job satisfaction was more pronounced for male teachers, while student discipline was more important for job satisfaction of teachers with lower self-efficacy beliefs. Implications for policy are further discussed.

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Job Satisfaction, School Working Conditions, Teachers Characteristics

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The appointment of arbitrators in institutional arbitrations for construction-related cases in India involves a structured process guided by specific institutional rules and the Arbitration Conciliation Act, 1996. Key institutions such as the Delhi International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), the Indian Council of Arbitration (ICA), and the Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA) play an important role in dealing with these arbitrations. The start begins with the submission of a request for arbitration, followed by the selection and appointment of arbitrators based on the arbitration agreement. When the parties cannot agree on arbitrators, the institutions appoint them from their panels, ensuring that selected arbitrators possess the necessary expertise, impartiality, and availability. The procedures also allow for challenging and replacing arbitrators to maintain fairness and efficiency. This framework ensures that construction disputes are resolved by qualified professionals, promoting confidence in the arbitration process within the Indian construction industry.

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Arbitration and conciliation Act 1996, Indian Council of Arbitration (ICA), Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA), Delhi International Arbitration Centre (DIAC), Institutional Arbitration, Arbitrator, Construction Industry.

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This research critically evaluates the impact of women-centric policies and yojanas introduced post-2014 on female empowerment and development in Bharat, with a focus on awareness and academic choices among female youth. The methodology involves a combination of purposive and convenience sampling of young women in higher education institutions, utilizing Google Forms for data collection. The analysis integrates primary data from surveys of college going young girls aged above 18 years of age (n = 63) and secondary data from government reports to assess policy effectiveness. The findings highlight the Maternity Benefit Amendment's significant improvements in maternity leave provisions and the Women Entrepreneurship Platform's role in supporting female entrepreneurs. However, gaps in policy implementation and awareness are evident. The Criminal Law Amendment Act has introduced stricter penalties for sexual offenses, aiming to enhance social security. Meanwhile, the Reservation Bill and the Triple Talaq Bill are examined in terms of their socio-political implications and contributions to gender equality. The study reveals that while these policies have made notable strides in empowering women, there remains a disparity in awareness and access among female youth, impacting their academic and career decisions. This research contributes to the literature on women's empowerment by providing empirical insights into the real-world outcomes of recent policies and offering recommendations for enhancing their effectiveness and reach.

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Female empowerment, Financial decision making, Security Issues, Views on politics and democracy

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This comparative study explores the educational setups of elementary schools in Chandigarh(India) and Dubai (UAE). The research investigates various dimensions including principal role in the school set up, school planning, school administration, school working environment, school admission policy, selection of teaching staff, school finance, priorities areas for running school, syllabus, textbooks, curriculum transaction, pedagogical practices and teacher qualifications. By employing quantitative methods, data was collected through surveys method from sample of 20 schools in both cities. Educational setup questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The data were analysed by using SPSS Statistics. The difference in the scores of educational set up in schools of India (Chandigarh) and UAE (Dubai) was found to be -3.002. The negative sign indicates that the score of UAE (Dubai) was higher than the score of India (Chandigarh). The p-value for scores was found to be significant at .05 level (t=3.002, p=.008). Hence the null hypothesis stating "There is no significant difference in scores of educational set up in schools of India (Chandigarh) and UAE (Dubai)" stands rejected. This implies that there is significant difference in scores of educational set up in schools of India (Chandigarh) and UAE (Dubai). Hence educational set up in schools of UAE (Dubai) is better as compared to educational set up in schools of India (Chandigarh). The findings highlight similarities and differences in educational philosophies, resource allocation, and educational outcomes between the two regions. This study contributes to a better understanding of global educational practices and provides insights for policymakers and educators aiming to improve elementary education in diverse cultural contexts. The author suggested to share findings with policymakers, educators, and researchers in both regions through conferences, publications, or workshops. This can foster dialogue and collaboration aimed at improving educational practices globally.

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Elementary school, School Administration, Education setup questionnaire

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This study investigates user perspectives on privacy regarding WhatsApp and Instagram among a demographic of individuals aged under 18 to 65 and above. Based on survey responses from 65 participants, we analyze their privacy concerns, trust levels, awareness of data collection, comfort with data sharing, perceived control over privacy settings, and opinions on transparency and recent privacy controversies.

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User Perspectives Privacy Concerns WhatsApp Instagram Demographic Analysis Trust Levels Data Collection Awareness Comfort with Data Sharing Privacy Settings Control Transparency Privacy Controversies Survey Responses Age Demographics Social Media Privacy Privacy Policies User Trust Data Protection Social Media Platforms

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Abstract The world has witnessed revolutions, revolts, wars, famines, droughts, earth quakes, cyclones and tsunami's that have drastically affected the human life till 20 th century. But the beginning of 21 st century has faced a greater tsunami in the form of electronics. Undoubtedly the achievements of science and technology have brought unexpected and unimaginable achievements in human life. Today people live in a paradoxical situation. The present complex situation has industrial, mechanical progress and scientific advancement on one hand, and social unrest, Race, caste and feminist movements and violent terrorist attacks on another hand. The paper discusses the complexity of life in the present times.

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Paradoxical, unimaginable,complexity,scientific advancement

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This study aimed at assessing patients' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes and its medication among patients with diabetes and identifying factors that increase knowledge. Thorough interviews were conducted in various diabetes clinics and hospitals in Vadodara and Anand. Patients were provided with a questionnaire in both English and Gujarati. Utilizing the Chi Square Method, the collected data underwent thorough analysis. The findings revealed a commendable level of awareness among patients regarding the effects and proper usage of diabetes medication, along with a keen understanding of associated complications. Moreover, patients demonstrated a clear recognition of the significance of regular check-up's and follow-ups for effectively managing their health. Despite these positive indicators, a notable disparity emerged between patients' perceptions and their actual practices. Specifically, many patients appeared to overlook essential aspects of diabetes management, such as adhering to scheduled eye examinations. This underscored the necessity of addressing barriers hindering patients from translating their knowledge and positive attitudes into consistent health practices. By targeting these obstacles, the potential exists for substantial enhancements in diabetes management outcomes, ultimately improving the overall well-being of affected individuals. Henceforth, there is a need for patient counselling during check-up's and the dispensing of medicine.

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Diabetes, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Medication, Awareness, Side effects, Routine examinations, Monitoring, Health behaviours, Patient counselling

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The need for secure and covert communication has become paramount in the digital age. This project presents a method for hiding messages within digital images using a combination of steganography and encryption techniques. The process begins with the user inputting a secret message, which is then encrypted using a Caesar cipher with a user-defined shift key. This encrypted message is further secured by embedding it into an image, leveraging the pixel values as carriers. The embedding process uses a user-provided security key to XOR the ASCII values of the encrypted message with the key, ensuring an additional layer of security. The resultant stegano image retains its visual integrity while concealing the secret message within its pixel data. The extraction process reverses these steps, requiring the correct security key to retrieve and decrypt the hidden message. This method balances simplicity and security, making it accessible while providing robust protection against unauthorized access. Experimental results demonstrate the technique's effectiveness in preserving the visual quality of the carrier image and securely embedding and retrieving hidden messages. Future work will explore enhancing the algorithm's robustness against various image processing attacks and optimizing the embedding capacity without compromising image quality. These qualities make it suitable for various applications, from personal privacy to secure communication in sensitive fields.

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cipher,stegnography,attacks.emcrypt

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Hemodialysis, End Stage Renal Disease, Urine Output, Electrolytes, Kidney Disease Quality of Life

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