Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

T2DM is a persistent, complicated, and diverse condition. It is one that exhibits a variety of pathophysiological abnormalities, as well as a variable propensity to complications and a variable clinical response to therapeutic intervention. The study aims to identify the experiences and awareness of pharmacists about the relationship between vitamin B12 and magnesium deficiency in diabetics and to determine the effect of using metformin for diabetics on vitamin B12. Data were distributed by Electronic questionnaires designed for pharmacists. The questionnaire was also published on various Facebook pages dedicated to pharmacists, and answers were collected from them within two weeks using the electronic questionnaire via Google Forms. Pharmacists' knowledge of nutritional supplements is average, as half of the pharmacists are above the minimum level, due to their knowledge of the relationship between vitamin B12 and magnesium deficiency in diabetic patients. And the 60% of pharmacists have obtained pharmaceutical training regarding vitamins and nutrients. With an 82% of pharmacists know vitamin B12 is the most important vitamin for diabetics. 56% of pharmacists recognize that metformin causes vitamin B12 deficiency 64% of pharmacists' answers know that magnesium deficiency occurs with diabetes.

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Keywords: Magnesium, Deficiency, Vitamin B12, Food supplement, Food source, diabetes

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Ayurvedic classics have referred to three main dimensions for causation of diseases viz. Atiyoga (excessive), Ayoga (reduced) and Mithya (improper) Yoga of Kala (time), Artha(object) and Karma(actions) at the same time they also indicate that Prajnaparadha, Asatmyendriyartha Samyoga and Parinama are also the three reasons which lead towards generation of various diseases. Out of these, Asatmendriyartha Samyoga refers to unwholesome contact of the senses with their objects for that person and it results in an over stimulation or deficiency or malfunctioning of sensory activity. This harms the functioning of Mind and Body. Everyone needs to adopt an occupation for livelihood and every occupation has its pros and cons. An occupational disease is a disease or disorder that is caused by the actions needed to be done for the occupation or in conditioning in which this occupation should be carried out. It is mostly caused due to overuse, reduced use or misuse of all the Indriyas/ sensory and motor apparatus. As it is well said that, prevention is better than cure, many occupational diseases/hazards can be prevented by indulging sensory and motor apparatus in a right way along with practicing measures like Dinacharya, Ratricharya, Rutucharya, Sadavritta as well as Yoga practices. Present paper portrays a critical review of all such conditions which can be considered under Asatmya Indriyartha Samyoga and their role in producing various occupational diseases along with a general guideline for preventing such problems.

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Asatmya Indriyarth Samyoga, Dinacharya, Lifestyle, Occupational diseases, Prajnaparadha, Parinama

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A global approach to learning is becoming increasingly prevalent and accelerating daily. Contemporary education systems leverage technology to enhance educational experiences. In today's technological era, modern teaching tools are essential and highly favoured. The proliferation of digital information and the integration of applied sciences into educational settings have influenced both teaching methods and student learning. Activity-based learning engages students by stimulating their senses, such as sight, smell, touch and vision, thereby involving them more deeply in the subject matter. Activity-based learning involves acquiring knowledge through the execution of tasks or activities. Instead of merely having students listen and take notes, this approach encourages active participation in the learning process through practical activities like independent research and problem-solving. In the present study the investigator has tried his best to find out the effectiveness of activity based learning for different subjects in secondary level. The benefits and challenges of activity based learning have also mentioned. It has been observed that students achievement level, positive attitude towards their subjects, collaborative and cooperative learning gradually increases through their engagement and participation in activity based learning process.

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Enhancement, educational outcomes, theoretical framework and activity based learning

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Blotting is a classical technique for detecting macro-biomolecules of interest from a mixture of molecules. The technique is generally composed of four steps: 1) gel electrophoresis-based separation of molecules, 2) blotting (transfer and immobilization) of separated molecules from the gel onto the membrane, 3) specific hybridization of probes to target molecules on the membrane, and 4) visualization of the probe/target molecule complex. The present article briefly introduces blotting techniques for readers, since the direction-named techniques are confusing for people beyond the biotechnology field. Particularly, the smartness of the blotting step in a blotting technique is emphasized. Specifically, the blotting step allows for fixation of size-separated molecules on the membrane, and permits subsequent hybridization of the target molecule to labeled probe, collectively allowing target molecules to be detected by imaging. In this article, we will discuss about the blotting techniques, their principles and fabulous procedures. Blotting techniques play a pivotal role in molecular biology, enabling scientists to analyze and visualize biomolecules with precision. These techniques have revolutionized the way we study DNA, RNA, and proteins, offering valuable insights into cellular processes. In this article, we will explore the fundamentals of blotting techniques, their applications, and advancements in the field. We will also provide references to learn and acknowledge the importance of blotting techniques.In conclusion, not only is blotting a smart strategy for enabling the detection of molecules of interest but also the concept of blotting plays an important role in biotechnology.

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Blotting,southern blot,northern blot,western blot

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ABSTRACT: Green chemistry is an approach to the design, manufacture and use of chemical products to intentionally reduce or eliminate chemical hazards. It focuses on the reduction, recycling/ elimination of the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals in production processes by finding creative, alternative routes for making the desired products that minimize the impact on the environment. The present review work focuses on the importance and economic development of green chemistry. It is new branch in chemistry dealing with reduction of harmful and toxic chemicals in the synthesis and replacing it with ecofriendly methods. The principle of green chemistry with various benefits have been discussed to understand the basic requirement for replacement of conventional synthetic method with green chemistry synthesis. To describe it the synthetic approach for the synthesis of acetanilide has been discussed and compared.

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Index terms: Green Chemistry, Principle, Eco-friendly, Benefits, Conventional, Acetanilide.

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The objective of the National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020) is to provide equity and inclusion in education for the Scheduled Tribes of India. Numerous issues affect the education of Indian tribal communities, such as multilingualism, attitude, the medium of teaching, cotextualization of the topic, teacher preparation, methodological aspects, and identifying and nurturing potential. However, the absence of basic infrastructure, such as classrooms, schools, and other amenities, makes it impossible for impoverished children to learn in a secure environment in many tribal locations. A step toward adopting NEP 2020 in tribal area has also been taken by the government through the inclusion of regional languages and dialects in the primary school curriculum. This would ensure that kids receive a top-notch education in a fair, inclusive classroom atmosphere that takes into account their diverse origins, language requirements, and academic aptitudes while also allowing them to participate actively in the learning process.

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Constitution, Education, Tribal, RTE, NEP

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This paper provides a comprehensive framework for international law that is designed to promote the conservation of species. The proposed framework emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach that integrates scientific, ethical, and indigenous perspectives, as well as principles of ecological sustainability, biodiversity protection, and socio-economic considerations. It recommends improvements in international cooperation, enforcement mechanisms, and adaptive management strategies to guarantee effective implementation and compliance. Additionally, the paper investigates the function of international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local communities in their support and supplementation of legal measures. The objective of this framework is to fortify the current legal framework and encourage a global collaborative effort to prevent species extinction and promote biodiversity conservation by proposing a series of actionable recommendations.

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Keywords: Ecological Sustainability, Biodiversity Protection, International Cooperation, Adaptive Management.

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Abstract Soil is significant component for all times on earth as both flora and fauna depends directly on soil. But with increasing artificial practices the environment is getting polluted excessively which is affects the soil also. During this paper the soil samples are investigated for its physio-chemical parameters analysis. This study helps in determining the supply of macro, micro and secondary nutrients by which the quality of soil and its impact on flora and fauna are often observed, in present study the Physio- chemical analysis of soil is preferred for which twenty samples (representative samples) were collected from Kurai Tehsil and Pench Tiger Reserve nearby areas, analyzed for its pH, EC, OC, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sulphur, Zinc, iron, Manganese, copper, Boron and Sulphur.

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Soil, pH, minerals, OC, EC, zinc, iron, minerals, Micro - nutrients, Macro-nutrients, Secondary- nutrient, Pench national park

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Phishing is defined as fraudulent processes that aim to obtain some information, especially username, password, or any financial details, for access and malicious reasons. Phishing fraud could be one of the most common practices in the field of cybercrime to be amongst the one today. There are variety of domains where phishing attack can take place such as online payment sector, webmail, financial institution, file hosting or cloud storage and so on. The webmail and online payment sector was more targeted by phishing than in any other industry sector. There are several anti-phishing techniques that include blacklist, heuristic, visual similarity and machine learning. From this, blacklist approach is commonly using/used as it is very easy to use and implement, but it is not able to detect new phishing attacks. Machine Learning is an effective technique used to detect phishing. It also removes the drawback of the existing approach. Our research includes a comprehensive literature review and proposes a new approach to detect phishing websites using feature extraction and machine learning algorithms.

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Phishing, Phishing Attack.

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Comparative study of physical fitness level training methods and performance improvement of university male volleyball players of Madhya Pradesh

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Comparative study of physical fitness level training methods and performance improvement of university male volleyball players of Madhya Pradesh

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Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular concept in today's world. The Integration of artificial intelligence with the digital economy has brought a tremendous change in the functioning of businesses. This research examines the profound impact of AI on the efficiency and competitiveness of business. Through comprehensive analysis of existing literature and case studies, the study delves into the mechanisms through which AI enhances the capabilities and positions the companies towards success and prosperity. AI has empowered businesses by offering new business opportunities, personalized customer interactions, adequate utilization of resources, security against potential challenges, and risk management. These amenities are not only accelerating the performance of the business but also bringing innovation among the entrepreneurs. Furthermore, AI is helping companies in facing the competition by predicting the trends in the dynamic market that drives strategic decision-making. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how the integration of AI improves the efficiency and competitiveness of businesses in the digital economy and highlights the role of AI in the digital economy.

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Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), tremendous, business opportunities, risk management, potential challenges, strategic decision making

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India is the leading originator of herbal therapeutic plants. It is said to be the "Botanical Garden of the World". Aegle Marmelos is endemic to India. It is a religious plant used in the prayer of lord shiva. Fresh leaves are used by people who worship. Aegle Marmelos, a monotypic genus in the Rutaceae family, found in Asian countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, China, etc., contains medicinal and nutraceutical characteristics that have been utilized for treating many ailments in conventional medicine. The plant's medicinal and pharmacological characteristics have been thoroughly explored using modern scientific techniques. Bioactive substances have been identified from various portions of the plant. Aegle Marmelos is also called the Wooden apple plant, Bilwa, and Bael. The plant has multiple biologically active and medicinally beneficial bioactive components in its flowers, wood, leaves, fruits, bark, and roots. Aegle Marmelos carry numerous phytochemicals like as alkaloids (aeglin, aegelenine), tannins(skimmianine), coumarins (marmelosin, marmesin, imperatorin), seed oils, carotenoids, and others. The phytochemicals found in this plant exhibit both biological and pharmacological effects against long-term illness including cardiovascular disease, immunosuppressive disease, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. The pharmacological characteristics of this plant extract are diverse, including antifertility, antioxidant, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antihistaminic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial antihyperglycemic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. This review explores the conventional applications, phytoconstituents, and intrinsic properties of Aegle Marmelos, highlighting its potential as a medicinal plant for study and drug development.

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Botanical garden, Aegle Marmelos, Phytochemistry, Traditional uses, Pharmacological activities

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A second order differential equation is a particular kind of differential equation in which the function's derivative is of order 2, and no further derivatives of the function are included in the equation. It contains terms that denote the function's second order derivative, such as y'', d2y/dx2, y''(x), etc. A second order differential equation is typically expressed as follows: y'' + p(x)y' + q(x)y = f(x), where p(x), q(x), and f(x) are functions of x. Using the auxiliary equation and other techniques, including the method of unknown coefficients and parameter modification, we may solve this differential equation. If the functions p(x) and q(x) are constants, the differential equation y'' + p(x)y' + q(x)y = 0 is referred to as a second-order differential equation with constant coefficients; if they are not, it is referred to as a second-order differential equation with variable coefficients. We shall examine these differential equations in-depth as well as their various varieties in this post. Along with learning alternative techniques, we will also learn how to determine the auxiliary equation and solve examples of second order differential equations with constant coefficients.

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Order, method, differential equations, coefficients, variables.

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements and innovations in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), focusing on technological developments in aerospace design, control systems, and optimization techniques. It explores various classifications of drones based on size, weight, range, and endurance, highlighting the latest trends in quadcopter control systems and flight dynamics. The review delves into emergency control, structural reconfigurability, and miscellaneous UAV designs that push the boundaries of current technology. Particular emphasis is placed on drone delivery applications, examining the integration of generative design methodologies and techniques. Through an extensive literature survey, this paper aims to present a holistic view of the multifaceted developments in UAV technology. It offers insights into the future trajectory of drone innovations and their diverse applications.

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UAV Tech Innovations, Advanced Aerospace Design, Smart Quadcopter Systems, Next-Gen Drone Deliveries, Adaptive Drone Structures, Generative Design Techniques, Precision Drone Optimization, CAD for UAVs.

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This study presents a comprehensive examination of progressive collapse analysis in a reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures, using Extended 3D Analysis of building System ETABS software package 2018, in conjunction with the General Service Administration (GSA). The ETABS software is employed to facilitate linear static simulations of the RC framed structure subjected to a range of loading scenarios, such as blast and impact events. Subsequently, the GSA method is applied to assess the structural response and redistribution of loads following local damage. The DCR method is then utilized to investigate the demand-capacity ratio of critical structural elements, aiding in the identification of vulnerable components and informing necessary design modifications and retrofit strategies. The primary objective is achieved by comparing the DCR values of structural members allowing us to comment whether the structure will enter the collapse state. Incorporating this analysis while designing will help for safer Structural Designs.

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Progressive collapse, Demand capacity ratio (DCR), Linear Static Analysis, GSA Guidelines, Column removal.

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Depression in old age is a growing public health issue that causes morbidity and has a negative impact on quality of life. Depression in the elderly is underdiagnosed and undertreated since it is not yet recognized as a public health issue. The elderly's mental health is influenced by their physical and social environments. As a result, the study was designed to assess and compare depression among elderly people who live in old age homes (OAHs) and those who live with their families in urban areas. The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of depression among the elderly people living in old age homes and living with families in urban areas. The sample consists of 100 elderly people in the age range of 65-75 years. Out of them 50 males and 50 females. Half of them were living in old age homes (OAHs) and the other half in families. Sample was selected through purposive sampling. Both males and females participated in the study. The data was collected online through a google form questionnaire. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to measure the depression level of the participants. As a result, the t-tests were interpreted to find the gender difference between the 2 variables of depression. Significant gender difference between males and females was found in depression. Also, the prevalence of depression is more among elderly females as compared to than elderly males.

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Depression, Risk Factors, Elderly person, Old age homes, Family.

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Abstract : Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought tremendous opportunities to the workplace through innovations in robotics across both AI and the Internet of Things (IoT). Precision, efficiency, and flexibility are considered potential benefits of Industry 4.0. The adoption of Industry 4.0 requires many changes, including in Human Resources (HR). In Industry 4.0, HR capabilities become more important and advantageous for companies. HR departments need to be more attentive and adaptive to adapt to challenges and demands. We investigate the contribution of AI to HR digitalization and Industry 4.0 practices. 271 HR professionals from the information technology (IT), manufacturing, and management sectors were selected for the study, which focuses on five AI applications in HR capabilities and three elements of HR readiness. The results showed that hierarchical organizational analysis is a fundamental part of achieving sustainable development. Adaptability and human resource capabilities are supported by all five components of the AI application area in HR. Improving employee benefits and safety was considered a key element of AI application in HR.

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: Artificial intelligence, Structural equation Modelling, Human resource Management, Industry 4.0

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This paper is an analysis of Chithrapusthakathile Yathrikar which is a short Malayalam novel written by an upcoming writer Sreejith Vallikkunnu. This work unfolds the life of a journalist and the happenings of his life amidst his fast-paced work-life. It is also the story of Anna, a research associate at Shanti Nikethan, too. This paper analyses how Chithrapusthakathile Yathrikar becomes an instance of a successful attempt at providing a clear graphic representation of a human tale through words. The selected vocabulary and narrative pattern show how letters can create visuals without providing the actual pictures. This paper uses the insights from Visual and Graphic studies and points out how the idea of Visual Studies can include aspects from word narratives. For this purpose, I have adopted certain select terminology and conceptual tools from visual field, namely, the Visual, Visuality, Visibilization, Visual Subjectivation/Objectivation, and Visual Engagement.

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Key Words: Graphic Studies, Visual Studies, the Visual, Visuality, Visibilization, Visual Subjectivation/Objectivation, and Visual Engagement.

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A smart city is incomplete without a smart waste management system, as they play an important role in keeping the environment clean and hygienic. This paper reviews about smart ways and methods to monitor, collect the waste and send alerts to authorities like corporation or local waste disposal team which results in saving the fuel, money and work hours. In order to provide an energy efficient system, solar panel is used to power-up the batteries. In bad weather, the battery is used as a power backup which has been developed for both rural and urban areas in order to give better solution for the issues in disposing the waste.

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Arduino UNO, Raspberry Pi, AVR Microcontroller, Blynk App, Rain sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, ESP8266,etc

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The world of digital media has been changed by the development of deep learning techniques, especially with the rise of deepfakes. These computer-generated videos, which combine existing footage or alter it to show different content, have caused worries in various areas such as politics, entertainment, and personal privacy. This review combines information from many research studies to provide a clear overview of the latest techniques and findings in detecting deepfake videos. It explains how deepfakes have evolved, the problems they create, and the new solutions proposed by researchers around the world.

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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs),Artificial intelligence (AI),Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM),Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs),ResNext

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