Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Abstract Periodontal inflammation is a complex and dynamic immunobiological response to microbial challenge, central to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. This review outlines the foundational aspects of periodontal inflammation, beginning with microbial etiology and host-pathogen interactions, and progressing through the clinical and histological features that mark disease evolution. A detailed account of the innate and adaptive immune responses underscores the roles of neutrophils, cytokines, and T cell subsets in driving either resolution or chronicity. Importantly, recent insights into pro-resolving mediators, such as resolvins and lipoxins, reveal inflammation resolution as an active process with substantial therapeutic potential. The review also explores emerging host-modulatory interventions, immune-engineered biomaterials, and microbiome-targeted therapies, positioning these advances within the broader movement toward precision periodontology. Collectively, the integration of molecular, cellular, and clinical perspectives offers a comprehensive foundation for understanding and managing periodontal inflammation.

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periodontal inflammation, immune response, resolution mediators, host modulation therapy, microbiome, immune-engineering.

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Tourism is increasingly recognised as a vital sector for regional development, especially in areas with a rich convergence of natural beauty, religious heritage, and cultural traditions. This descriptive paper explores the potential of tourism in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, drawing exclusively on existing academic literature, government reports, and policy documents. Known for landmarks such as Shantiniketan, Tarapith, and Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Birbhum possesses significant assets for cultural, religious, and rural tourism. Yet, the region remains underdeveloped in tourism infrastructure, visibility, and integrated planning. The paper synthesises scholarly perspectives to examine how cultural festivals, pilgrimage circuits, and rural livelihoods intersect with tourism development in Birbhum. It critically reviews the theoretical foundations of sustainable and community-based tourism, assesses institutional challenges, and discusses the spatial dynamics of tourism in backward districts. The study does not use any primary data or fieldwork; instead, it evaluates secondary sources to highlight key opportunities and constraints. The findings suggest that a strategically integrated and literature-informed approach to tourism planning--linking cultural authenticity, environmental stewardship, and community participation--can position Birbhum as a replicable model for inclusive regional development. The paper offers policy insights relevant for planners, academics, and development practitioners interested in heritage-based and rural tourism in Eastern India.

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Birbhum tourism, regional development, cultural tourism, religious tourism, rural tourism, literature-based study, sustainable tourism, West Bengal geography

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This paper explores the design variables of private blockchain systems in balancing data integrity and performance within Building Management Systems (BMS). It highlights the significant role of blockchain technology, particularly private blockchains, in enhancing data handling and trustworthiness. The analysis delves into how key design elements such as consensus mechanisms, access permissions, and scalability impact system efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, it discusses the integration of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and edge computing to improve these design variables, optimizing data processing and decision-making. Ultimately, this study suggests that a thoughtful approach to private blockchain design is essential for achieving a sustainable equilibrium in BMS, optimizing both performance and data integrity for diverse applications.

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Private blockchain, data integrity, performance, Building Management Systems (BMS), consensus mechanisms, scalability, security, artificial intelligence, edge computing

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Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a well-known Indian American author who explores the trajectory of the lives of women. She tries to project the problems of oppressed women. Her works mostly deal with the themes like cultural identity, immigration sensibility, i.e. the sense of being caught between two worlds, sense of alienation, belongingness, complexity in relationships, and so on. Her works are usually women centric where she explores the world and emotions of women particularly their struggles, empowerment and resilience in the patriarchal society. The protagonists in her novels are usually women who narrate the story through their own perspectives. This is apparent in her novels like The Mistress of Spices, Sister of My Heart, The Palace of Illusions and so on. Divakaruni has projected the world of women in the novel, Sister of My Heart, through the two women characters, Sudha and Anju. The two sisters share a deep emotional bond and stand for each other during their adverse times by overlooking their personal problems. These sisters navigate the tension between societal expectations and self-realization. Both the protagonists are bound by traditional gender roles with respect to their relationships to family, marriage and social duty. However, with the passage of time, as their personal experiences unfold that are marked by love, betrayal, loss, sacrifice; they gradually subvert these roles and embark their journey towards selfhood. Sudha is projected as a submissive character who later becomes self-assertive. On the other hand, Anju is projected as an empowered character within restrictive social structures who struggles for her identity in the foreign land. Through their resilience and emotional growth, the novelist highlights the transformative potential of women as they resist against the patriarchal norms and break free from such constraints. The novel, Sister of My Heart, projects the complexities of female identity formation by focusing on the interplay between societal expectations and personal independence. The novel's narrative leads us to a discourse on gender discrimination, empowerment of women, challenges of a multicultural world within restrictive social constructs.

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Key Words: patriarchy, empowerment, self-identity, relationship, resilience

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 Abstract

भारत में मुस्लिम महिलाओं के वैवाहिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा एवं लैंगिक समानता सुनिश्चित करने की दिशा में 'मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019' एक ऐतिहासिक कदम माना गया है। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक की प्रथा पर कानूनी प्रतिबंध के पश्चात मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक स्थिति, कानूनी जागरूकता और सशक्तिकरण के स्तर में आए बदलावों का विश्लेषण करता है। इस अध्ययन में राजस्थान के कुछ चयनित शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों की मुस्लिम महिलाओं से प्राप्त प्राथमिक आंकड़ों तथा विभिन्न रिपोर्टों एवं विधिक दस्तावेजों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि ट्रिपल तलाक कानून से महिलाओं में आत्मविश्वास की वृद्धि हुई है, लेकिन अभी भी व्यापक स्तर पर कानूनी जानकारी एवं सामाजिक समर्थन की आवश्यकता है। यह शोध सामाजिक सुधार, महिला सशक्तिकरण एवं विधिक साक्षरता की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विमर्श प्रस्तुत करता है, जो नीति-निर्माताओं एवं सामाजिक संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकता है। भारत जैसे बहुसांस्कृतिक देश में मुस्लिम समुदाय की पारिवारिक परंपराओं में तीन तलाक की प्रथा लंबे समय से विवादास्पद रही है। यह प्रथा, विशेषकर "तत्काल तीन तलाक" (Instant Triple Talaq), मुस्लिम महिलाओं के मौलिक अधिकारों, मानवीय गरिमा और लैंगिक समानता के विरुद्ध मानी गई है। 2017 में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा इसे असंवैधानिक घोषित करने के पश्चात, "मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019" अधिनियमित किया गया, जिसने इस प्रथा को दंडनीय अपराध घोषित कर दिया। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक कानून के लागू होने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक, वैवाहिक और मानसिक स्थिति में हुए परिवर्तनों का समकालीन विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। शोध में राजस्थान के कुछ शहरी एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में रहने वाली मुस्लिम महिलाओं से साक्षात्कार एवं प्रश्नावली द्वारा प्राथमिक आंकड़े एकत्रित किए गए हैं। साथ ही, द्वितीयक स्रोतों जैसे न्यायिक निर्णयों, सरकारी रिपोर्टों, सामाजिक संगठनों की दस्तावेज़ी जानकारी और समाचार पत्रों की समीक्षा भी की गई है। शोध में यह पाया गया कि कानून बनने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं में अपने अधिकारों को लेकर जागरूकता में वृद्धि हुई है। कई महिलाएँ अब तलाक की प्रक्रिया और इसके वैध प्रावधानों को बेहतर समझ रही हैं। हालांकि, पारिवारिक और सामाजिक दबाव, धार्मिक भय और कानूनी सहायता की कमी अभी भी कई महिलाओं को न्याय पाने से वंचित कर रही है। इस शोध का निष्कर्ष यह है कि केवल कानून बनाना पर्याप्त नहीं है, बल्कि उसके प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन, समुदाय-स्तरीय जागरूकता, और महिला केंद्रित समर्थन प्रणाली का विकास आवश्यक है। यह अध्ययन नीति निर्माताओं, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं और महिला सशक्तिकरण के क्षेत्र में कार्यरत संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करता है।

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1. मुस्लिम महिला अधिकार 2. ट्रिपल तलाक 3. मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019 4. लैंगिक समानता 5. वैवाहिक न्याय 6. सामाजिक प्रभाव 7. महिला सशक्तिकरण

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The present investigation involves emotional maturity of secondary school teachers in relation to family type, self-control and family environment. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A sample of 1200 prospective secondary school teachers of 12 different B.Ed. teacher training colleges were selected from Mandi, Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh through incidental sampling technique. For data collection emotional maturity scale by Singh and Bhargva and Self-Control Scale (Self Made Scale) were used by the investigator. The techniques of descriptive statistics, Games-Howell Test and Analysis of Variance (Two Way) were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that the prospective secondary school teachers belonging to nuclear and joint families did not differ significantly from each other with regard to emotional maturity. The prospective secondary school teachers having high, average and low level of self-control differed significantly from each other in terms of emotional maturity. Further it can be inferred that family type and self-control did not have significant difference on emotional maturity of prospective secondary school teachers in combined manner. Implications of the study were discussed at the end of the paper.

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Emotional Maturity, Self-Control, Prospective Secondary School Teachers.

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A Blue-green microalga Spirulina is well known for its dense nutritional profile and functional properties. This makes it an ideal candidate for developing value added products. As global demand for sustainable and health-promoting foods rises, spirulina has moved beyond traditional uses. It leads to the innovations in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and bio-based materials. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the nutritional values of spirulina, spectrum of spirulina-based products, current research innovations, and future opportunities in value addition. This paper also addresses the limitations and technological challenges which are preventing the commercialization of the product.

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Spirulina, Super foods, microalgae, value-added products, biopolymer, and sustainability

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The values of Standard Free energy change (?G0) accompanying the complex formation of some bivalent metal ions of first and second transition elements series with two organic ligands of Monothio-?-diketone class were determined at 250C by knowing the formation constants of these complexes potentiometrically using Calvin-Bejrrum pH-metric technique as modified by Irving and Rossotti. The metal ions taken for the complexation are Cobalt, Copper, Palladium and Cadmium while the ligands belonging to Monothio-?-diketone class of compounds are p-bromobenzoylthioacetone and p-bromobenzoylthioacetophenone designated as Ligand-1 and Ligand-2 respectively. The ?G0 values accompanying the above complexation were determined with the help of well known thermodynamic realtion viz. ?G0 = -2.303 RT log?. The order of stability of these metal complexes as well as free energy change values have been evaluated.

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Standard Free energy change, Bivalent metal ions, Formation constant, Monothio-?-diketone

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This project enhances visual implants by using Vision Transformers to process lowresolution phosphene images, extracting key information such as people's count, familiarity, gender, age, emotions, objects, and distances from camera-equipped glasses. It delivers real-time visual and audio feedback to improve clarity, interaction, and user satisfaction. The system prioritizes efficient, accurate algorithms to ensure portability and autonomous operation.Additionally, it adapts to dynamic environments, aids in obstacle detection, supports social interaction through emotion recognition, and offers customizable user preferences. This approach advances next-generation visual aid systems, providing a richer,safer,andmore interactive experience for visually impaired individuals.

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Vision Transformers,Visual Implants,Low-resolution Phosphene Images,Assistive Technology,Blindness Aids,Real-time Feedback,Object Recognition,Emotion Recognition,User Interaction,Audio-Visual Feedback

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The present study aimed to examine the comparative effects of aerobic exercises and yogic practices on perceived stress among school-going girls. A total of 300 students from Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs) in the Upper Assam District of Assam, aged between 13 and 17 years, were selected and divided into three groups: aerobic (n = 100), yogic (n = 100), and control (n = 100). Only the two experimental groups underwent a structured 12-week training program. The Perceived Stress Scale (developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983) was used to assess stress levels before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software (version 2.6.13). Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed normality (p = 0.53). A dependent t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data, with the level of significance set at 0.05. ANCOVA results showed no significant difference in adjusted post-test means between groups (F = 2.22, p = 0.129), so post hoc tests were not conducted. However, paired t-test results revealed significant reductions in perceived stress within the aerobic (t = 6.23, p = 0.001), yogic (t = 4.83, p = 0.001), and control (t = 5.24, p = 0.001) groups. Since the control group also showed improvement, the observed changes may be attributed to factors such as school schedules or academic environment rather than the training interventions alone. The study recommends that future interventions integrate physical activities with mindfulness, counselling, or creative therapies to more effectively promote the emotional well-being of students.

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Perceived Stress, Aerobic Exercise, Yogic Practices, School Girls, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Training Intervention, Emotional Well-being.

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Chitosan, a natural biopolymer known for its antimicrobial and biodegradable properties, has gained attention as an eco-friendly material for food preservation. This study explores the extraction and utilization of chitosan from Aristeus antennatus (Red shrimp) shells combined with Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract for extending the shelf life of grapes. Chitosan was extracted using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide through demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation, followed by physicochemical, antimicrobial, antifungal, FTIR, and HPLC analyses. Pomegranate peel extract was prepared using ethanol extraction, then characterized by phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, and GC-MS analysis. The combined coating was applied to grapes, and its effectiveness was evaluated through spoilage analysis, total bacterial growth, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Treated fruits exhibited reduced microbial spoilage, higher antioxidant retention, and longer shelf life, indicating that this natural coating is a promising and sustainable alternative for fruit preservation.

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Chitosan,, Deproteinization, FTIR, Aristeus antennatus

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Affect, Pessimism, Apathy, Predictive Analysis

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Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are rising worldwide and impact hundreds of millions of human lives annually. Commonly known diseases caused by mosquitoes are malaria, dengue, chicken gunya, filariasis, yellow fever and Zika virus. The herbal mosquito repellent candles offer an effective solution to overcome mosquito problems. This research focuses on preparation and evaluation of new mosquito repellent candles aimed at providing safe and nono-toxic protection from mosquitoes. We survey the effectiveness of mosquito repellent candles made from natural ingredients in reducing mosquito populations and their impact on the environment and human health. The candle is formulated using natural wax (e.g. bee wax, soy wax) and essential oils such as Basil or Tulsi, Neem, Marigold, Eucalyptus and Lavender oil which are known for their mosquito repellent activity. The prepared candle is evaluated for its flammability, burning rate, irritancy, stability, presence of smoke and its repellent activity. Burning test shows effectiveness because of natural ingredients and essential oils present in candle. It does not cause any irritation to skin or any allergic reaction. The burning rate and time and the mosquito repellent efficiency of the prepared candles were compared with the commercially available scented candles.

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Mosquito repellent candle, essential oil, anti-oxidant, repelling efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast-paced and ever-evolving industrial landscape, the mechanical industry faces growing challenges related to improving efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and achieving sustainability goals. A critical step toward meeting these objectives is the optimization of water pump systems, which play a vital role in cooling, quenching, and other essential industrial processes. This study highlights the significant impact of data analytics in the monitoring and efficient operation of water pumps through the application of machine learning. By leveraging modern off-the-shelf technologies, predictive maintenance models, and the measurement of key performance indicators (KPIs), manufacturers can proactively identify root causes of issues, predict equipment failures, and minimize costly downtime. Moreover, the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence into pump monitoring not only enhances system reliability and operational continuity but also leads to reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. This paper outlines the benefits of data-driven decision-making and describes the process of deploying real-time intelligent solutions--critical for staying competitive amid global shifts toward clean energy and sustainability. The timely and strategic use of data analytics tools represents both an innovative approach and a resilient solution to managing the increasing variability of water resources in industrial operations.

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Data Analytics, Machine Learning

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Social issues and awareness of harmonious living in the comedies of Gangadhar Vadlam's time

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Social issues and awareness of harmonious living in the comedies of Gangadhar Vadlam's time

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A novel ?-diketone 1-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-3-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) propane-1,3-dione & its transition metal complexes have been synthesized by conventional as well as ultrasound method. Using Baker venkat raman rearrangement this diketone was prepared .UV-vis, IR, 1H- NMR, 13C- NMR, mass, XRD characterization and Elemental analysis has been done for newly synthesized ligand & its transition metal complexes. The newly synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were also studied by Antimicrobial & Antioxidant screening.

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Baker venkat raman rearrangement, metal complexes, XRD, Antimicrobial & Antioxidant study.

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Environmental and Climate Change Impact of Sand Mining in Song River Basin

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Environmental and Climate Change Impact of Sand Mining in Song River Basin

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The effects of school type on school climate, achievement motivation and adjustment: A comparative psycho-educational analysis

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The effects of school type on school climate, achievement motivation and adjustment: A comparative psycho-educational analysis

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This paper addresses the smart diagnosis system neural tumor classification of the human brain is the major controller of the humanoid system. The abnormal growth and division of cells in the brain lead to a brain tumor, and the further growth of brain tumors lead to brain cancer.

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Brain tumor, Magnetic resonance imaging, Adaptive Bilateral Filter, Convolution Neural Network

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This paper delves into the intersection of gender, disability, and marginalization, highlighting the unique challenges faced by women with disabilities in marginalized communities. These women often experience compounded discrimination, which significantly limits their access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and employment. The intersectionality of gender and disability exacerbates their vulnerability, as they face systemic barriers and pervasive social stigmas that hinder their full participation in society. The paper examines how these challenges are rooted in societal norms and institutional practices that to accommodate the specific needs of women with disabilities. It underscores the importance of inclusive policies and practices that address these unique challenges, advocating for a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. By focusing on tailored interventions and robust legal frameworks, the paper aims to promote justice and equity for women with disabilities. Furthermore, it calls for increased awareness and advocacy to dismantle the barriers that perpetuate inequality By fostering an inclusive environment that recognizes and values diversity, society can ensure that women with disabilities in marginalized communities are empowered to lead fulfilling lives and contribute meaningfully to their communities. This approach is essential for achieving true gender justice and social equity.

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Disability, women, gender, marginalized, society.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition