Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

भारत में मुस्लिम महिलाओं के वैवाहिक अधिकारों की सुरक्षा एवं लैंगिक समानता सुनिश्चित करने की दिशा में 'मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019' एक ऐतिहासिक कदम माना गया है। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक की प्रथा पर कानूनी प्रतिबंध के पश्चात मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक स्थिति, कानूनी जागरूकता और सशक्तिकरण के स्तर में आए बदलावों का विश्लेषण करता है। इस अध्ययन में राजस्थान के कुछ चयनित शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों की मुस्लिम महिलाओं से प्राप्त प्राथमिक आंकड़ों तथा विभिन्न रिपोर्टों एवं विधिक दस्तावेजों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि ट्रिपल तलाक कानून से महिलाओं में आत्मविश्वास की वृद्धि हुई है, लेकिन अभी भी व्यापक स्तर पर कानूनी जानकारी एवं सामाजिक समर्थन की आवश्यकता है। यह शोध सामाजिक सुधार, महिला सशक्तिकरण एवं विधिक साक्षरता की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विमर्श प्रस्तुत करता है, जो नीति-निर्माताओं एवं सामाजिक संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकता है। भारत जैसे बहुसांस्कृतिक देश में मुस्लिम समुदाय की पारिवारिक परंपराओं में तीन तलाक की प्रथा लंबे समय से विवादास्पद रही है। यह प्रथा, विशेषकर "तत्काल तीन तलाक" (Instant Triple Talaq), मुस्लिम महिलाओं के मौलिक अधिकारों, मानवीय गरिमा और लैंगिक समानता के विरुद्ध मानी गई है। 2017 में सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा इसे असंवैधानिक घोषित करने के पश्चात, "मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019" अधिनियमित किया गया, जिसने इस प्रथा को दंडनीय अपराध घोषित कर दिया। यह शोध पत्र ट्रिपल तलाक कानून के लागू होने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं की सामाजिक, वैवाहिक और मानसिक स्थिति में हुए परिवर्तनों का समकालीन विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। शोध में राजस्थान के कुछ शहरी एवं ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में रहने वाली मुस्लिम महिलाओं से साक्षात्कार एवं प्रश्नावली द्वारा प्राथमिक आंकड़े एकत्रित किए गए हैं। साथ ही, द्वितीयक स्रोतों जैसे न्यायिक निर्णयों, सरकारी रिपोर्टों, सामाजिक संगठनों की दस्तावेज़ी जानकारी और समाचार पत्रों की समीक्षा भी की गई है। शोध में यह पाया गया कि कानून बनने के बाद मुस्लिम महिलाओं में अपने अधिकारों को लेकर जागरूकता में वृद्धि हुई है। कई महिलाएँ अब तलाक की प्रक्रिया और इसके वैध प्रावधानों को बेहतर समझ रही हैं। हालांकि, पारिवारिक और सामाजिक दबाव, धार्मिक भय और कानूनी सहायता की कमी अभी भी कई महिलाओं को न्याय पाने से वंचित कर रही है। इस शोध का निष्कर्ष यह है कि केवल कानून बनाना पर्याप्त नहीं है, बल्कि उसके प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन, समुदाय-स्तरीय जागरूकता, और महिला केंद्रित समर्थन प्रणाली का विकास आवश्यक है। यह अध्ययन नीति निर्माताओं, सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं और महिला सशक्तिकरण के क्षेत्र में कार्यरत संगठनों के लिए उपयोगी मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करता है।

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1. मुस्लिम महिला अधिकार 2. ट्रिपल तलाक 3. मुस्लिम महिला (विवाह अधिकार संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019 4. लैंगिक समानता 5. वैवाहिक न्याय 6. सामाजिक प्रभाव 7. महिला सशक्तिकरण

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The present investigation involves emotional maturity of secondary school teachers in relation to family type, self-control and family environment. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A sample of 1200 prospective secondary school teachers of 12 different B.Ed. teacher training colleges were selected from Mandi, Kangra, Hamirpur and Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh through incidental sampling technique. For data collection emotional maturity scale by Singh and Bhargva and Self-Control Scale (Self Made Scale) were used by the investigator. The techniques of descriptive statistics, Games-Howell Test and Analysis of Variance (Two Way) were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that the prospective secondary school teachers belonging to nuclear and joint families did not differ significantly from each other with regard to emotional maturity. The prospective secondary school teachers having high, average and low level of self-control differed significantly from each other in terms of emotional maturity. Further it can be inferred that family type and self-control did not have significant difference on emotional maturity of prospective secondary school teachers in combined manner. Implications of the study were discussed at the end of the paper.

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Emotional Maturity, Self-Control, Prospective Secondary School Teachers.

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A Blue-green microalga Spirulina is well known for its dense nutritional profile and functional properties. This makes it an ideal candidate for developing value added products. As global demand for sustainable and health-promoting foods rises, spirulina has moved beyond traditional uses. It leads to the innovations in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and bio-based materials. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the nutritional values of spirulina, spectrum of spirulina-based products, current research innovations, and future opportunities in value addition. This paper also addresses the limitations and technological challenges which are preventing the commercialization of the product.

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Spirulina, Super foods, microalgae, value-added products, biopolymer, and sustainability

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The values of Standard Free energy change (?G0) accompanying the complex formation of some bivalent metal ions of first and second transition elements series with two organic ligands of Monothio-?-diketone class were determined at 250C by knowing the formation constants of these complexes potentiometrically using Calvin-Bejrrum pH-metric technique as modified by Irving and Rossotti. The metal ions taken for the complexation are Cobalt, Copper, Palladium and Cadmium while the ligands belonging to Monothio-?-diketone class of compounds are p-bromobenzoylthioacetone and p-bromobenzoylthioacetophenone designated as Ligand-1 and Ligand-2 respectively. The ?G0 values accompanying the above complexation were determined with the help of well known thermodynamic realtion viz. ?G0 = -2.303 RT log?. The order of stability of these metal complexes as well as free energy change values have been evaluated.

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Standard Free energy change, Bivalent metal ions, Formation constant, Monothio-?-diketone

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This project enhances visual implants by using Vision Transformers to process lowresolution phosphene images, extracting key information such as people's count, familiarity, gender, age, emotions, objects, and distances from camera-equipped glasses. It delivers real-time visual and audio feedback to improve clarity, interaction, and user satisfaction. The system prioritizes efficient, accurate algorithms to ensure portability and autonomous operation.Additionally, it adapts to dynamic environments, aids in obstacle detection, supports social interaction through emotion recognition, and offers customizable user preferences. This approach advances next-generation visual aid systems, providing a richer,safer,andmore interactive experience for visually impaired individuals.

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Vision Transformers,Visual Implants,Low-resolution Phosphene Images,Assistive Technology,Blindness Aids,Real-time Feedback,Object Recognition,Emotion Recognition,User Interaction,Audio-Visual Feedback

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The present study aimed to examine the comparative effects of aerobic exercises and yogic practices on perceived stress among school-going girls. A total of 300 students from Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs) in the Upper Assam District of Assam, aged between 13 and 17 years, were selected and divided into three groups: aerobic (n = 100), yogic (n = 100), and control (n = 100). Only the two experimental groups underwent a structured 12-week training program. The Perceived Stress Scale (developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983) was used to assess stress levels before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software (version 2.6.13). Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed normality (p = 0.53). A dependent t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data, with the level of significance set at 0.05. ANCOVA results showed no significant difference in adjusted post-test means between groups (F = 2.22, p = 0.129), so post hoc tests were not conducted. However, paired t-test results revealed significant reductions in perceived stress within the aerobic (t = 6.23, p = 0.001), yogic (t = 4.83, p = 0.001), and control (t = 5.24, p = 0.001) groups. Since the control group also showed improvement, the observed changes may be attributed to factors such as school schedules or academic environment rather than the training interventions alone. The study recommends that future interventions integrate physical activities with mindfulness, counselling, or creative therapies to more effectively promote the emotional well-being of students.

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Perceived Stress, Aerobic Exercise, Yogic Practices, School Girls, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Training Intervention, Emotional Well-being.

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Chitosan, a natural biopolymer known for its antimicrobial and biodegradable properties, has gained attention as an eco-friendly material for food preservation. This study explores the extraction and utilization of chitosan from Aristeus antennatus (Red shrimp) shells combined with Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract for extending the shelf life of grapes. Chitosan was extracted using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide through demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation, followed by physicochemical, antimicrobial, antifungal, FTIR, and HPLC analyses. Pomegranate peel extract was prepared using ethanol extraction, then characterized by phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, and GC-MS analysis. The combined coating was applied to grapes, and its effectiveness was evaluated through spoilage analysis, total bacterial growth, phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Treated fruits exhibited reduced microbial spoilage, higher antioxidant retention, and longer shelf life, indicating that this natural coating is a promising and sustainable alternative for fruit preservation.

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Chitosan,, Deproteinization, FTIR, Aristeus antennatus

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Affect, Pessimism, Apathy, Predictive Analysis

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Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are rising worldwide and impact hundreds of millions of human lives annually. Commonly known diseases caused by mosquitoes are malaria, dengue, chicken gunya, filariasis, yellow fever and Zika virus. The herbal mosquito repellent candles offer an effective solution to overcome mosquito problems. This research focuses on preparation and evaluation of new mosquito repellent candles aimed at providing safe and nono-toxic protection from mosquitoes. We survey the effectiveness of mosquito repellent candles made from natural ingredients in reducing mosquito populations and their impact on the environment and human health. The candle is formulated using natural wax (e.g. bee wax, soy wax) and essential oils such as Basil or Tulsi, Neem, Marigold, Eucalyptus and Lavender oil which are known for their mosquito repellent activity. The prepared candle is evaluated for its flammability, burning rate, irritancy, stability, presence of smoke and its repellent activity. Burning test shows effectiveness because of natural ingredients and essential oils present in candle. It does not cause any irritation to skin or any allergic reaction. The burning rate and time and the mosquito repellent efficiency of the prepared candles were compared with the commercially available scented candles.

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Mosquito repellent candle, essential oil, anti-oxidant, repelling efficiency

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In today's fast-paced and ever-evolving industrial landscape, the mechanical industry faces growing challenges related to improving efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and achieving sustainability goals. A critical step toward meeting these objectives is the optimization of water pump systems, which play a vital role in cooling, quenching, and other essential industrial processes. This study highlights the significant impact of data analytics in the monitoring and efficient operation of water pumps through the application of machine learning. By leveraging modern off-the-shelf technologies, predictive maintenance models, and the measurement of key performance indicators (KPIs), manufacturers can proactively identify root causes of issues, predict equipment failures, and minimize costly downtime. Moreover, the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence into pump monitoring not only enhances system reliability and operational continuity but also leads to reduced energy consumption and environmental impact. This paper outlines the benefits of data-driven decision-making and describes the process of deploying real-time intelligent solutions--critical for staying competitive amid global shifts toward clean energy and sustainability. The timely and strategic use of data analytics tools represents both an innovative approach and a resilient solution to managing the increasing variability of water resources in industrial operations.

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Data Analytics, Machine Learning

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Social issues and awareness of harmonious living in the comedies of Gangadhar Vadlam's time

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Social issues and awareness of harmonious living in the comedies of Gangadhar Vadlam's time

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A novel ?-diketone 1-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-3-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl) propane-1,3-dione & its transition metal complexes have been synthesized by conventional as well as ultrasound method. Using Baker venkat raman rearrangement this diketone was prepared .UV-vis, IR, 1H- NMR, 13C- NMR, mass, XRD characterization and Elemental analysis has been done for newly synthesized ligand & its transition metal complexes. The newly synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were also studied by Antimicrobial & Antioxidant screening.

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Baker venkat raman rearrangement, metal complexes, XRD, Antimicrobial & Antioxidant study.

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Environmental and Climate Change Impact of Sand Mining in Song River Basin

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Environmental and Climate Change Impact of Sand Mining in Song River Basin

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The effects of school type on school climate, achievement motivation and adjustment: A comparative psycho-educational analysis

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The effects of school type on school climate, achievement motivation and adjustment: A comparative psycho-educational analysis

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This paper addresses the smart diagnosis system neural tumor classification of the human brain is the major controller of the humanoid system. The abnormal growth and division of cells in the brain lead to a brain tumor, and the further growth of brain tumors lead to brain cancer.

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Brain tumor, Magnetic resonance imaging, Adaptive Bilateral Filter, Convolution Neural Network

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This paper delves into the intersection of gender, disability, and marginalization, highlighting the unique challenges faced by women with disabilities in marginalized communities. These women often experience compounded discrimination, which significantly limits their access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and employment. The intersectionality of gender and disability exacerbates their vulnerability, as they face systemic barriers and pervasive social stigmas that hinder their full participation in society. The paper examines how these challenges are rooted in societal norms and institutional practices that to accommodate the specific needs of women with disabilities. It underscores the importance of inclusive policies and practices that address these unique challenges, advocating for a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. By focusing on tailored interventions and robust legal frameworks, the paper aims to promote justice and equity for women with disabilities. Furthermore, it calls for increased awareness and advocacy to dismantle the barriers that perpetuate inequality By fostering an inclusive environment that recognizes and values diversity, society can ensure that women with disabilities in marginalized communities are empowered to lead fulfilling lives and contribute meaningfully to their communities. This approach is essential for achieving true gender justice and social equity.

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Disability, women, gender, marginalized, society.

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This paper examines the impact of cultural assimilation on personal identity among Afghan women in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns. A qualitative analysis of the novel is conducted and it reveals that Hosseini's characters often experience a hybrid identity. The paper, in order to understand the interplay between culture and identity, analyses the development of character and narrative structure. This study indicates that the principal women characters experience tensions that arise due to conflict between tradition and modernity, and their resilience, that helps them to overcome these struggles. The challenges faced by women clearly demonstrate a conflicting identity, which is neither fully assimilated nor entirely disconnected from their roots. This identity highlights the complexities of navigating between cultures.

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A Thousand Splendid Suns, identity, cultural assimilation, hybridity

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Reproductive technologies have advanced significantly, and the ethical questions they continuously raise are complex, often involving considerations of life, morality, and the role of the church in guiding faithful decisions. As a Catholic priest serving in healthcare within the Diocese of Umuahia since 2007, I have witnessed first-hand, the profound struggles of couples grappling with infertility challenges, often compounded by poverty, illiteracy, and the weight of unfulfilled dreams. This experience has presented a stark moral dilemma: the unwavering traditional teachings of the Church on fertility and science and in contrast to the tangible, daily suffering of those who long to build a family. It is within this very tension that I seek to open a dialogue by calling for thoughtful re-examination of the church's approach to reproductive technologies, including in-vitro fertilization (IVF), family planning, and surrogacy. In doing so, I wish to clarify that my intention is not to advocate indiscriminately for IVF as a universal solution. Rather, as a concerned priest who perceives "the smell of his sheep" I wish to offer a bridge between the Church's teachings and the personal struggles individuals face. Instead of categorically rejecting assisted reproductive technologies, in cases where nature's own mechanisms falter-whether due to infertility, genetic disorders, or other medical conditions-assisted reproductive science, when carefully and ethically applied, can indeed serve as a legitimate way of alleviating people's suffering. For example, just as an individual with a weakened leg relies on a walking stick for support, persons with limited mobility benefit from the assistance of wheelchairs, and those whose vision is impaired find clarity through eyeglasses, so too can couples facing infertility harness scientific advances to nurture the gift of life. These examples are not acts of defiance against the natural order or a challenge to divine providence; they are instead practical expressions of our commitment to enhancing the human condition. Of course, recognising the potential role of assisted reproductive technologies as a compassionate option in providing meaningful support for couples struggling to build a family cannot be understood as constituting a "battle with God"; rather, it is an acknowledgment that our Creator has endowed us with reason and innovation to tend to the vulnerabilities inherent in our nature. Thus, in leveraging these advancements, we honour the sanctity of life and extend compassion to those for whom traditional means have proven insufficient. So just as medicine has advanced to provide prosthetics, mobility aids, and corrective devices that enable individuals to lead fuller lives, so too should our approach to assisted reproductive technologies be seen as an extension of our duty to care for one another. When done in a way that respects life and God's plan for creation, and when the technologies are used ethically, assisted reproduction can be viewed as an extension of human cooperation with God's gift of life which fosters the sacred pursuit of happiness in every family. It can also affirm that science and faith can coexist in harmonious service to humanity. The challenge lies in ensuring that any technology used aligns with the values of love, respect for life, and the sanctity of the marriage bond. Before proceeding, it will be useful to provide a brief survey of Catholic doctrines on fertility and science which reveals a nuanced and thoughtful approach to the relationship between faith, ethics, and the advancements of modern science, especially in the realm of reproduction technologies. In his 2013 Apostolic Exhortation - Evangelii Gaudium, Pope Francis said that evangelisers should "smell like the sheep" a metaphor that means that evangelisers should get involved in people's lives and be willing to humble themselves. His message emphasises the importance of accompanying and supporting Christians face difficulties in life, highlighting the need for a compassionate and inclusive community.

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IVF, Surrogacy, Family planning, Morality, Science and Technology

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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into retail operations is reshaping the way brands interact with consumers. This study explores how AI-driven tools enhance the brand experience in both online and offline retail environments. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research includes a structured survey of 600 retail customers across five metropolitan cities and 15 in-depth interviews with retail managers and AI consultants. Results indicate that personalised AI features, such as virtual shopping assistants, dynamic pricing, and predictive inventory, significantly contribute to perceived brand value and consumer satisfaction. However, findings also reveal scepticism regarding data privacy and a gap in emotional engagement compared to human-led interactions. The study introduces the framework of "Intelligent Brand Engagement" (IBE) and offers a roadmap for ethically integrating AI to deepen brand-consumer relationships without compromising trust.

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The three primary ways to obtain Vitamin D (VD) are through sunlight exposure, dietary intake, and supplements. Since food generally contains low levels of VD, the most effective methods for maintaining adequate VD levels are through skin synthesis and proper supplementation. VD2 and VD3, which are produced not only by certain invertebrates and plants but also within the human body.Alarmingly, VD deficiency is increasingly common across the global population and is now considered a widespread health issue. VD deficiency is particularly common in older adults and individuals with obesity. It is now linked to a higher risk of developing bone disorders, cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allergies. Educating both the public and healthcare professionals about the benefits and sources of VD, along with promoting appropriate supplementation, can help reduce the prevalence of deficiency.

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Vitamin D deficiency, causes and complications.

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