Volume 12 | Issue 7

 Abstract

Bihar's migration helps in economic development of the concerned families and inflow of income to the state. It also raises concerns about its impact on poverty and multidimensional deprivation at the migrants& place of origin. This article explores how outmigration helps to alleviate poverty and multidimensional deprivation and understands the main reasons for Bihar's poverty. This article is based on some research questions: Why is Bihar the poorest state in India? Which type of multidimensional deprivation exists in Bihar, like health, education, and standard of living? This article is based on secondary data like Census data 2011, Economic Survey 2019-20, NFHS-4, NFHS-5, and a Bihar caste-based survey with some statistical tools.

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Personal Growth, Poverty, Multidimensional deprivation and Bihar's Migration.

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The Generation Z are the new job entrants in the job market and in a decade they will be occupying more than 50% of the job market. The earlier research on Gen Z has pointed out the traits of this generation which makes them difficult to work with. Though this generation is technologically advanced or truly digital generation they lack the core skills to work in the technical domain which is a big contradiction. These generations are topping the list of other generations in rejecting a job offer very easily. This research is a study of MBA fresher's who are in the process of taking up jobs in the job market. This research studies the expectations of the MBA freshers from their first job.

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Gen Z, Skills, employability

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Background: The dental arch width is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with tongue posture being a significant environmental contributor. Understanding how tongue posture affects dental arch width in different classes of malocclusions can guide non-invasive orthodontic interventions. Objective: To investigate the relationship between tongue posture and dental arch width in individuals with Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 450 participants aged 10-25, categorized into three groups based on their malocclusion class. Tongue posture was assessed using clinical examination and digital imaging, while dental arch width was measured using a 3D intraoral scanner. Statistical analyses included multiple regression and ANOVA. Results: Tongue posture was found to significantly affect dental arch width. In Class I malocclusions, optimal tongue posture was associated with the widest dental arches. In Class II, forward tongue posture correlated with narrower arches, and in Class III, it was linked to increased mandibular width. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of tongue posture in influencing dental arch dimensions across different malocclusion classes. Addressing tongue posture in orthodontic treatment may enhance therapeutic outcomes.

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Tongue posture, dental arch width, malocclusions, orthodontics, myofunctional therapy.

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A special feature of the storyteller Vishnu Sharma's writing style is that the interpenetration of other self-contained sub-stories within a main story is indicative of the success of a series of main stories. Many small stories are interwoven into one big story. It is a testament to the storyteller's incomparable ability to continue the tone of the original story by inserting stories within stories. The stories are in prose but contain many policy verses. The conclusion of the story is in the form of its motto or 43 principle verses. The characters in the story are ordinary animals. The language is very simple and elegant. There is no attempt at long narratives, sentimentality or undue erudition. The stories are very engaging and especially useful for teaching ethics to young children. The inventiveness of the author is admirable. The restraint in storytelling is also noticeable. The stories are not evil to the fault of exaggeration.

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MITRAVED, MITRAPRAPTI, KAKOLUKIYAM, LABDHAPRANASH,APARIKHITKARAKM

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Human society has been farming for thousands of years. Agriculture is the first art form discovered by the human race. Historical anthropologists say that agriculture may have led mankind to the path of civilization, from which other arts may have emerged. This claim is also the subject of lengthy debate . The article seeks to explore the agricultural tools of thenovel Dhoorvai,Kugai and Sool in terms of the agricultural tools Realized by dharman's works. Agriculture is derived from the word 'sword'. The Tamil lexicon explains that agriculture also means grand and charity. Page 1518 in Singaravelu Muthaliyar Abidhanachinthamani explains that the word agriculture means the one who rules over water. Agriculture was the primary occupation in ancient India. Nansei plowing took place in the Chola country where the Cauvery flows and the view of the Vaigai and Tamiraparani in pandianad. Cho Dharman has won the 2019 Sahitya Akademi award for his novel Sool, depicting the life of the people in the lower rung of society at Urulaikudi village in Thoothukudi District. The study of Agriculture is called Agricultural Science. Cho Dharman explains Rocky cultivation, Corn cultivation, cotton cultivation and Cereal cultivation methods. The agricultural implements adopted by them in these cultivation methods are described here

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Tamil Novel, Human , Society, Criticism, Cho. Dharman, Farming, Historical, Anthropology, Dhoorvai, Kugai, Sool

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The current work aims to explore the diversity and abundance of fishes in the selected sites of Tunga river at Hanswadi of Shivamogga district for a period of six months from March to August 2022. A total of 12 species of fishes belonging to 3 orders, 5 families and 9 genera were recorded. Five species sighted in family Cyprinidae, Channidae, Bagridae and Siluridae were represented by two species each. Family Schilbeidae is represented by a single species. This study indicates fairly rich fish diversity in Tunga river at Hansawadi village of Shivamogga. This result is expected to contribute skeletal information for the future studies in the studied area.

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Tunga river, fish diversity, Hansawadi, Shivamogga, Cyprinidae

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The compact design, low cost, and ease of production of microstrip patch antennas make them appealing for use in satellite communication applications. Using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), the fundamental theory and design of the antenna are examined, simulated, and optimized. Thus, the goal of this work is to improve a microstrip antenna's efficiency and bandwidth for RMPA antenna. By adding slot to different RMPA patch design antenna efficiency, Directivity and gain is compared and performance improvement is achieved. In this project, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna measuring 25 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm was designed and simulated. With a return loss of -12.7656 dB, the antenna's frequency bandwidth is 0.1608 GHz (4.2088 GHz - 4.3696 GHz), centered at 4.3 GHz. Glass epoxy substrate (FR4_epoxy) with a dielectric constant of ?r = 4.4 has been used to design the suggested rectangular patch antenna. The suggested work by demonstrating that the slot improves the antenna performance and that the return loss is considerably compared to the antenna's gain, radiation efficiency, and directivity is done using the (HFSS) to obtain the desired outcomes.

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ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator), FSS (Fixed Satellite Service), MSS (Mobile Satellite Service), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), RMPA (Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna), RF (Radio Frequency), rE (Radiation Efficiency), S-Parameters (Scattering Parameters).

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The current paper deals with the myriad facets of challenges encountered by a translator not only within a multilingual country like India but also in transgressing national boundaries to present the native essence of a text to the global audience. The major problem that apparently overwhelms a translator in the voyage of translation is the creation of an ambiguity. This lack of clarity is the aftermath of a search for the best-suited and precise or apt vocabulary that sustains the cultural flavour and uniqueness in which the text is born. The very title of the novel in discussion 'Samskara' hosts an array of meanings in Indian philosophy. To imbibe or inculcate the most suitable concept from the gamut provided by the original text is a matter of discernment. Language is embedded deep in the collective consciousness of a people held together by numerous binding factors like culture, region, history or other common criteria distinguishing them from another particular group. A certain language is entrenched or entangled in the collective psyche of a people to an extent that in the literature of that region animals too tend to speak in the same language. This present paper tends to effectively deal with the different dynamics that come into the picture as soon as the journey of translation begins. U.R.Anamtha Murthy's 'Samskara' has been rendered to be his magnum opus. Authored in 1965 and largely remaining confined in its consumption, it was translated to English by A.K.Ramanujan in 1976 which gained global readership for the novel.

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challenge, translation, Samskara, language, culture

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Background: Orthodontic treatments are widely utilized to correct dental and jaw misalignments but can potentially induce gingival recession, a condition characterized by the displacement of the gingival margin towards the tooth root. This systematic review assesses the prevalence and management of gingival recession in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, exploring the interplay between various orthodontic appliances and gingival health. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this review synthesizes evidence from studies that employed observational, cohort, and case-control designs to explore the effects of orthodontic appliances on gingival recession. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords related to orthodontic appliances and gingival recession. The inclusion criteria focused on human participants of any age and gender who underwent treatment with various orthodontic appliances, with outcomes measuring the prevalence and severity of gingival recession. Results: The review included studies that detailed demographic data, treatment specifics, and outcomes from diverse geographical regions. The findings highlight a significant association between specific orthodontic practices, such as the type of appliance and the mechanical forces applied, and the incidence of gingival recession. Studies also underscored the role of anatomical factors, treatment duration, and patient-specific variables in influencing the risk and severity of recession. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatments, while beneficial for dental health, pose risks to gingival integrity, primarily through mechanical stresses that may exacerbate predisposed vulnerabilities. The review emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive treatment planning, including risk assessment and preventive strategies, to mitigate the onset and progression of gingival recession. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and to refine preventive and therapeutic approaches in orthodontic care.

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Gingival recession, orthodontic appliances, prevalence, management, systematic review.

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Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of bioactive phytocomponents in the Siddha polyherbal drug formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam by subjecting the drug to various studies like physicochemical analysis and HPTLC. Methods: The ingredients present in the Siddha polyherbal formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam was first authenticated by the botanist and was purified. The purified ingredients of the drug were grounded to make a powdered form. The prepared siddha polyherbal formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam was sent it to the lab for the physiochemical analysis and HPTLC. The mentioned physicochemical and the HPTLC was carried out at Noble Research Solutions in Kolathur, Chennai - 600 099. Results: Physicochemical analysis of the study revealed 0.64% of loss on drying (LOD) at 1050C, 1.6% of total ash value, 0% of acid insoluble ash, 24.67% of water-soluble extraction, 17.73% of Alcohol soluble extractive and the pH is 6.3. Six prominent peaks are seen in the sample's HPTLC finger printing examination, which indicates that it contains six different phytocomponents. The highest Rf value of the peaks varies from 0.04 to 0.99. Conclusion: The findings aid in determining the formulations of siddha polyherbal drug Thuthuvelai chooranam and it reveals the presence of physicochemical properties of the drug which ensures the safety and therapeutic potential in the management of Swasakaasam (Bronchial Asthma) The study drug can also be used as a reference norm for the medicine of standard pharmaceutical product and further quality control enquires. This study provides the evidence for future clinical studies.

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Siddha medicine; Swasakasam; Thuthuvelai chooranam; physicochemical; HPTLC.

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 Abstract

Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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India's banking sector has been evolving since 1991, notably due to the technological upheaval that has introduced substantial alterations. One such shift initiated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was the formation of payment banks. The chief aim of setting up payment banks was to boost financial inclusion through the use of technology. Payment banks predominantly target providing payment and remittance services to low-income families, small enterprises, migrant labourers, and others in informal sectors. Payment banks leverage financial technology to infiltrate the economy and access the unbanked segments of the populace. The research aims to examine the functioning of payment banks in India, evaluate the financial performance of payment banks, and pinpoint the obstacles faced by payment banks. The study was executed based on data sourced from various websites, RBI documents, and publications.

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Banking sector, Payment banks, financial technology, financial system

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???? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???

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???????, ????????, ???????, ???????? ?????????

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Diabetes is a serious disease that can cause fatigued, feel extreme hunger, and experience other more serious problems over time such as Kidney failure, blindness, amputations, loss of sensation and cardiovascular disease. Each and every year many people of the world as well as in Bangladesh are affected by diabetes mellitus. If people do not manage this disease, people could develop more serious complications like vision problems, dementia, and kidney issues. However the present study has conducted to identify the different ways of management of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. From the study it was found that the important issue requiring management is that of the glucose cycle. The management of diabetic patients is related to effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids, to minimize the risk of long-term consequences associated with diabetes. They are suggested in clinical practice guidelines released by various national and international diabetes agencies, often combined with regular ongoing blood glucose level monitoring. Diet management allows control and awareness of the types of nutrients entering the digestive system, and hence allows indirectly, significant control over changes in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose monitoring allows verification of these, and closer control, especially important since some symptoms of diabetes are not easy for the patient to notice without actual measurement. Other approaches include exercise and other lifestyle changes which impact the glucose cycle. In addition, a strong communication between the patient and the primary healthcare provider - general practitioner or internist - is an essential tool in the successful management of diabetes. Often the primary care doctor makes the initial diagnosis of diabetes and provides the basic tools to get the patient started on a management program. Regular appointments with the primary care physician and a certified diabetes educator are some of the best things a patient can do in the early weeks after a diagnosis of diabetes. Upon the diagnosis of diabetes, the primary care physician, specialist, or endocrinologist will conduct a full physical and medical examination. A thorough assessment covers topics such as: height and weight measurements, blood pressure measurements, thyroid examination, examination of hands, fingers, feet, and toes for circulatory abnormalities, blood tests for fasting blood sugar, A1c, and cholesterol, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, prior infections and medical conditions, smoking history, including encouragement to stop smoking (if applicable), signs of complications with pregnancy or trying to get pregnant for women patients, eating and exercise habits, vision abnormalities, to check for eye health issues, urination abnormalities, which can indicate kidney disease A list of current medications, including: prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, Vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements is also needed as when it is necessary.

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Diabetes mellitus, Management, Blood glucose, Diet management, Diagnosis, Weight, Physician/Doctor, Monitoring, Hypo and hyperglycemia, Glycemic control, Insulin, Medication

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Paraquat, a highly toxic bipyridyl herbicide, is widely used in agriculture and has been linked to numerous fatalities worldwide. This review highlights the severe health risks associated with paraquat exposure, particularly in developing countries where agricultural practices often lack proper safety measures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of paraquat, a widely used but highly toxic herbicide. It will cover its chemical properties, applications, and regulatory status, as well as its environmental and health impacts. Special emphasis will be placed on the mechanisms of toxicity, cases of acute and chronic poisoning, and the current state of treatment and prevention strategies.

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Paraquat, Toxicity, Herbicide, Health Risks, Agricultural Safety

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Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers. Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. This education is provided to nursing students by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks. Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing. Patient care is the core responsibility of a nurse. They have to assure that the patient is given the best possible care. In hospitals or any other medical institution, the doctors and nurses take care of their patients very carefully. They are responsible for answering any patient questions and always ensuring their basic needs are taken care of. Many organizations have come up to offer better patient care. They have developed guidelines on what is the meaning of patient care. Hospitals also have a committee that reviews all the policies and procedures regarding patient care. All this has made us realize that what is the meaning of patient care is not only for the doctor or the nurse but it is of utmost importance to the patient as well. However the present study has conducted to explore the history of nursing education in Bangladesh and to identify the concepts regarding patient care management in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. The study recommended that Nurses must keep their professional knowledge and skills relevant and up-to-date through self-learning, in-service education, practice, higher education, and quality management including accountability. It leads to lead consumer satisfaction. A better image of nurses would logically follow when people in the society recognize the value of nursing care and that would result enhanced salary and status. Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. Nurses should be full partners with all health professionals to redesign health care in Bangladesh. To become a registered nurse in most countries, former education with more extensive professional training is required. Many countries have introduced several theoretical and practical training for nursing students in hospitals, or via a pre-registration nursing programme at a university or college. Nursing students, thus educated and trained, demonstrate higher competency in nursing practice, communication, leadership, professional integration, and research/evaluation. By prioritizing informed consent, effective communication, and patient satisfaction, healthcare providers can deliver patient-centered care that respects patients' autonomy, promotes shared decision-making, and ultimately leads to better health outcomes and improved patient experience.

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Patient care, Management, Nurse, Patient, Doctor, Education, Consumer satisfaction, Professionalism

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This research paper conducts a comprehensive analytical study of the intricate journey of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, delving into the historical trajectory from the Cold War era to the Afghan Jihad. The investigation spans decades, examining the geopolitical dynamics that shaped U.S. foreign policy in the region. By unraveling the complexities of this engagement, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving motivations, strategies, and consequences associated with America's presence in Afghanistan. Drawing on a diverse array of primary and secondary sources, the study navigates through key events, diplomatic maneuvers, and strategic shifts that have defined this multifaceted relationship. Through a critical lens, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of Cold War geopolitics and the subsequent repercussions that unfolded during the Afghan Jihad, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the broader implications for U.S. foreign policy and global affairs.

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U.S. Involvement, Cold War, Afghan Jihad, Geopolitical Dynamics, Foreign Policy, Strategic Shifts, Diplomatic Maneuvers.

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Indian older population is ageing rapidly the proportion of people older than 60 years is growing faster than any other age groups. Various national reports states there will be a raise of around 56 million over the next decade in the country. In essential aspect of aging is successful coping. The need to establish the predictive power of coping strategies on well-being in old people is well endorsed by many theories of aging. Literature points coping strategies both in general population and, specifically, in the older population. It has to be kept in mind that aging itself is a process of many changes, including not only physical, but also psychological and social changes (i.e., retirement, income decrease, or empty nest). The present study examined the relationship between social supports and coping in a sample of 240 community-residing older adults. Data was collected by using a standardized tools namely social supports inventory, Coping Inventory and Cornell Medical Index. Results also showed that greater social supports are associated with good coping. Implications of the results for healthy psychological functioning in the elderly are discussed.

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older adults, mental health, social supports, coping aging population

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Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) networks of hydrophilic polymers that can swell in water and retain a substantial amount of it. This property allows them to maintain their structure due to the chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a turmeric hydrogel using specific hydrogel preparation methods. Turmeric was chosen for its well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a beneficial addition to skincare products.The objective of this research was to create a hydrogel that contains turmeric and horsegram assess its physicochemical characteristics, and ability to provide anti-acne and exfolitation benefits. Various excipients including gelling agents, humectants,pH adjuster,cleansing agent and preservative were selected and their concentrations were adjusted to achieve desired rheological properties.Physicochemical characterization of the formulated gel was performed using techniques such as viscosity measurements, pH determination, and spreadability test to ensure its suitability for topical application. In summary, this study's outcomes show that turmeric and horsegram loaded hydrogel can be successfully formulated with the desired stability and physicochemical qualities. Furthermore, the effectiveness research suggests that it could be a good skincare solution for anti acne and exfoliation of skin.

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Hydrogel ,turtmeric, horse gram ,exfoliation, anti-acne, anti-oxidant.

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Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has emerged as a critical therapeutic option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. This review evaluates the pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of dapagliflozin. By promoting urinary glucose excretion and lowering blood glucose levels, dapagliflozin effectively improves glycemic control in diabetic patients. Recent clinical trials have also demonstrated its significant benefits in reducing hospitalization rates for heart failure and improving overall cardiovascular outcomes, even in patients without diabetes. The drug's favorable renal protective effects further underscore its multifaceted role in managing comorbid conditions. However, potential adverse effects, such as urinary tract infections and dehydration, necessitate careful patient selection and monitoring. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence surrounding dapagliflozin, highlighting its dual benefits in diabetes management and heart failure, as well as implications for clinical practice.

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Dapagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, Type 2diabetis, Heart failure, Renal protection Safety profile, adverse effect, Combination therapy.

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