Volume 13 | Issue 7

 Abstract

The COVID-19 has massive impact on the people lives and habits, since it first outbreak in early 2020 in India. The Educational institutes across the country have been closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic disturbing the academic calendar of every institute. By the End of March'20, most educational institutes have shifted to online learning platforms to keep the academic activities going. However, for the developing country like India, E-learning poses a serious challenge due to digital constraints like availability of smart devices, internet connectivity issues like speed, bandwidth in remote areas. In this study, we focus on understanding the technical challenges faced by rural and urban students and their preference towards the online learning during COVID -19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey of students from various locale and explored their inclination for online classes. This survey will be helpful in designing the effective online learning education for one and all. The result indicated that online learning was good in the middle of pandemic but also spotted the light on the availability of internet access, smart devices and financial issues. Majority of the respondents are ready to opt for virtual classrooms to cope up with curriculum during this pandemic. The study also show that majority of the students have access to internet and smart devices for e-learning but for rural areas without broadband connectivity, it is still a tough challenge for students to make use of online classroom initiatives.

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digital constraints ,virtual classroom, broadband Connectivity, Pandemic

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Malnutrition is a deficiency or imbalance of nutrients, causing adverse effects on body composition, function, and clinical outcomes.It occurs for psychosocial reasons and disease, directly affecting clinical outcomes and causing significant healthcare expenditure. Recognizing and treating malnutrition can improve patient care and reduce costs.

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Protein-energy malnutrition, its prevalence, nutritional management, health economics, MUST score, re-feeding syndrome, and screening in the elderly population.

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This study investigates the effect of hardfacing on AISI 1020 mild steel using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding techniques with chromium-rich electrodes. Hardfacing was performed using both single and double bead layers while systematically varying welding current at different time intervals. The primary objective was to analyze the influence of welding parameters on the resulting microstructure and surface hardness of the hardfaced layers. Scanning Electron Microscopy and hardness testing were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of the overlays [1]. Results indicated that an increase in welding current and the application of double bead layers generally led to enhanced hardness due to improved fusion and carbide formation, although excessive current sometimes resulted in dilution and microstructural coarsening. While the SMAW technique gave better penetration, the MIG process produced bead profiles that were smoother and had fewer spatters. For mild steel components used in industrial settings, the results help optimize hardfacing parameters for wear-resistant surface engineering. In the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the study also shows that the number of bead passes had a substantial impact on the thermal cycles and subsequent grain refining. A more homogeneous microstructure with greater hardness uniformity throughout the surface was created by double bead arrangements, particularly when current conditions were tuned. The comparison of MIG and SMAW hardfacing brought to light the compromises between microstructural control and deposition quality [2-3]. When choosing welding parameters for surface engineering applications that call for improved mechanical durability and wear resistance of low-carbon steels like AISI 1020, these insights can be helpful.

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Hardfacing, SMAW, MIG Welding, Chromium-Rich Electrodes, Microstructure, Hardness, Bead Layers

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Keywords : renewable energy, fossil fuel, climate , sustainable.

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Ayurveda places strong emphasis on Ahara (diet) as the foundation of health, strength, and disease prevention. Central to this approach are the principles of Pathya (wholesome practices) and Apathya (unwholesome practices), which guide dietary and lifestyle choices based on individual constitution and disease condition. This review explores the role of Pathya and Apathya in the management of Hikka (hiccough), Kasa (cough), and Shwasa (respiratory disorders), drawing from classical texts such as Charaka Samhita and Vaidyajivanam. The analysis reveals that therapeutic procedures like Swedana, Dhoomapana, and Vamana, along with specific dietary recommendations, are consistently prescribed. Foods that are light, warm, and Kapha-Vata reducing are encouraged, while heavy, cold, and mucus-forming items are contraindicated. These traditional guidelines are supported by modern nutritional principles, emphasizing balanced intake and digestibility. The study underscores the value of incorporating Pathya-Apathya into clinical practice to improve outcomes and highlights their preventive and curative potential in Ayurveda.

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Pathya, apathya, ayurveda ahara, Hikka, Kasa, Swasa

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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two types of physical therapy interventions--proprioceptive training and reactive balance training--in improving balance and reducing fall risk among elderly women. Methods: The experimental study was conducted in various OPDs (SBS College OPD, Bala Pritam Hospital). The sample of 30 patients were selected through randomized control trial and placed in to 2 groups. Proprioceptive training was given to the group A, Reactive balance training was given to the group B. The BBS and TUG were the assessment tool used for all the patient before and after 6 weeks of the physical therapy intervention. Result: Both intervention groups demonstrated improvements in balance. Group A showed marginally better improvements based on post-intervention mean values. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p-values for BBS and TUG were 0.295 and 0.338, respectively; both exceeding the threshold of p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings indicate that both proprioceptive and reactive balance training methods are effective in enhancing balance among elderly females. This suggests their potential value in clinical practice for fall prevention.

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Elderly, proprioceptive training, reactive balance training, fall risk, balance

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Online class is a type of class wherein teaching-learning process conducted through virtual mode. During COVID-19 Pandemic, face-to-face class was not possible to conduct. Therefore, online class was taken by teachers to continue the education process. At that time, online education becomes more popular at school level. This research paper aimed to examine the perception of secondary school students towards online education with including various dimensions of online education, such as: teachers' methods in online learning, convenience in online learning, learning motivation of students in online learning, effectiveness of online learning. The researcher adopted descriptive survey research for conducting this study. Sample of the study consists 80 secondary school students including boys and girls from both rural and urban areas. These sample were selected through using stratified random sampling techniques and the researcher used a self-made questionnaire tool to collect the data from the participants. Furthermore, the purpose of analysis and interpretation of the data the researcher used percentage analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test. The findings of the study pointed out that most of the students perceived positive perception regarding teaching methods of teachers and most students found the materials accessible, understandable, and applicable, and participated actively in discussions. Similarly, Students perceived moderate to high convenience in online learning, particularly in completing assignments and engaging with forums. However, communication issues and teacher responsiveness to students' personal obstacles emerged as significant challenges. Overall, students perceived a high level of attention and motivation regarding online education, while perceived a negative to moderate perception towards the effectiveness of online education compared to physical class. This research study also founded that there is no significant difference between the perception of male and female secondary school students towards online education but there is significant difference between the perception of rural and urban secondary school students towards online education. Rural secondary school students possessed more favourable perception towards online education.

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Online Education, Perception, Secondary School Students

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A study of economic and political dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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A study of economic and political dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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The consumption of Junk food is a global issue of epidemic proportions with the rise in the consumption of the same, among the kids, teenagers, and young adults [1]. Junk food not only contains many calories, fat, sugar, and salt content; but also lacks the important nutritional values required by the body [5]. This has resulted to a lot of health related problems including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and low performance in schools [6]. This is a review that has been conducted to investigate the existing literature to investigate the patterns, determinants, and health consequences of junk food consumption. Research indicates that junk food habits are so addictive and mostly likely due to peer influence, advertisement, convenience, and the taste of the food as well as change in lifestyles [4,9]. Patterns show that students tend to take it a lot during school holidays and who are not at home with their families recording higher prevalence [8]. Age, gender, socioeconomic status, and level of knowledge are some of the determinants of consumption behaviours [8]. Such health effects are so pronounced with amplified body mass index (BMI), reduced physical conditioning and metabolic diseases [3,7]. A strong association was invariably expressed between extensive consumption of the junk food and lower academic and sports performance [2,10]. Mixed method studies, cross sectional survey and co-relational studies of different contexts in the world such as India, Iran, Romania and Nepal were reviewed. It is quite apparent in this review that there is an urgent need to implement awareness programs, parent education and institutional interventions in order to contain this emerging trend [1,9]. The implication of the growing interest in nutritional education and lifestyle alternations in order to decrease the dependence on harmful food consumption habits is also noted [1].

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Junk food, Adolescents, Obesity, Physical fitness, Nutritional behaviour

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Study of social and economic dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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Study of social and economic dimensions in the novels of contemporary women novelists

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The banking industry of India is undergoing continuous evolution in the recent times owing to significant changes not only in terms of customer requirements but also the business environment in larger scale. This has forced the banking sector in India to strive for making innovations in banking products and services and also provide better customer satisfaction. All the banks are striving hard to achieve this but it is observed that the main hindrance in this process is the customers lack of knowledge and awareness about the recent banking innovations. Therefore, it has become imperative for the banks nowadays to create awareness and also educate their customers about the digital banking innovations. However, it is found that certain factors like demonetization, covid - 19, government policy have been instrumental in compelling people to shift from traditional banking to online digital banking.

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banking sector, digital banking, customer awareness.

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This study explores consumer preferences in fast-food chain restaurants in India, focusing on factors like taste, price, hygiene, speed, and vegetarian/vegan options. Primary data was collected through a structured survey with 78 participants. The study analyzes consumer behavior toward five popular fast-food chains: McDonald's, KFC, Burger King, Domino's, and Pizza Hut. Findings indicate Domino's leads in overall preference, while Pizza Hut ranks lowest in most aspects. The research highlights the importance of taste, cleanliness, and service speed as key drivers of consumer loyalty in the Indian fast-food segment.

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Consumer Preference, Fast-Food Chains, India, Taste, Hygiene, Service Speed, Domino's

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This paper envisages the role and impact of Expenditure Management in Panchayats Finance, funds management in Karnataka and it ensures the proper functioning of the third tier of the government. The research study reveals that there is significant relationship between expenditure management and development of panchayath raj institution. To empower the panchayat to deliver its financial and political mandate, the constitution transferred various funding and non-funding aspects to the local governments and set up the state finance commission to enhance the resources for local bodies.

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Expenditure Management, Impacts, PRI's, Development, Karnataka,

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 Abstract

Sultanganj shahar mein teerth yatra paryatak ke santushti soochakank ka nirdharan evam adhyayan

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Sultanganj shahar mein teerth yatra paryatak ke santushti soochakank ka nirdharan evam adhyayan

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Today's society is going through a situation where crimes are increasing day by day. It is the responsibility and duty of every law enforcement agency to understand the root cause of crimes and find the real culprits, bring them to justice, and give justice to the victims. A thorough forensic examination of the physical evidence plays a crucial role in the identification process in the criminal investigation. The uniqueness of the forensic evidence gives a leading path to the identification process. A footprint is evidence that can be seen in most crimes except cybercrime, and it has its own uniqueness. This research was conducted in the aim of determining the differences in the footprint dimensions between Professional Classical Dancers and Non-dancers. For this empirical study researcher has collected the footprints of both the right and left foot from 100 participants using the inking method. Heel to each toe length, breadth of the footprint, central axis, and heel angle were measured and standard deviation and mean of the measurements were taken along with the calculation of the Plantar Arch Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index. Also, Carl Pearson's correlation for the central axis and length difference and central axis and heel angle were calculated. The study results show that the measurements will not help to identify the profession of the individual but the correlation between the central axis and length difference of heel to 2nd toe and heel to 5th toe may help to find out the profession i.e., dancers or non-dancers.

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Footprint examination, Classical dancers, Non-dancers, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Central axis, Plantar Arch Index.

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Abstract: Assam have very rich tradition of herbal medicines used in the treatment of various ailments. Gorkha communities practice different types of traditional healing practices. Enough documentations are available on the healing practices in other communities except very scarcely available about Gorkha community of Assam hence the attempt was made for the same. A survey on folk medicinal plants was conducted in few places of Nagaon, Sonitpur, Udalguri and Biswanath district of Assam. All information was collected based on interview with the most elder person of the family within the community. The identification of plants collected with the help of indigenous healers. Such medicines have been shown to have significant healing power, either in their natural state or as the source of new products processed by them. The study is mainly concentrated with documentation of the plants used to cure various ailments, diseases and to enquire about different healing systems.

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Ethno-Medicine, Folk-medicine, Gorkha, Healing, Herbal practitioners.

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History, memory and distress have become the three conspicuous dimensions of Trauma Studies, with the surge in conflicts, unprecedented wars and insurgencies across the globe. The aftermath of trauma is enormous in the case of women, who face complex trauma due to the treatment of gender and the complexities of war that allows the ordeal to perpetuate from one generation to another. This postmemory formation occurs when flustered memories and pain experienced by the first generation are transmitted to the second generation through narrative discourses. This study will focus on Amy Tan's portrayal of the personal and historical trauma, generational alienation in The Kitchen God's Wife, which is fixed through chronicling her repressed memories, where the subsequent generations understand, internalize and negotiate healing.

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Personal and historical trauma, postmemory, narration, domestic abuse, healing

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This paper explores the intricate relationship between caste and land access in Telangana during the period 1883 to 1948, under the dominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad. The study investigates how the caste structure played a decisive role in determining agrarian hierarchies, land distribution, tenancy systems, and social power. Drawing on a rich collection of archival materials, district gazetteers, revenue records, and first-hand accounts, this paper critically examines how dominant castes particularly the Reddys, Velamas, Deshmukhs, and Brahmins--consolidated control over extensive agricultural lands through a combination of historical privilege, state patronage, and customary practices. These castes were frequently positioned as Deshmukhs (revenue landlords) and village headmen (Patels) under the Nizam's administrative system, which granted them not just control over land, but over labor, taxation, and justice in rural areas. This caste-based agrarian inequality laid the foundation for the peasant unrest that culminated in the Telangana armed struggle. The paper provides historical insights into the deeply entrenched socio-economic structures that continue to influence Telangana's rural landscape.

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Telangana, caste, land tenure, Deshmukh, Nizam, Dalits, agrarian structure, Feudal State, peasantry.

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Abstract The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India introduces a transformative multidisciplinary framework in higher education, aligning with the global STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach to foster holistic, flexible, and innovative learning. Utilizing a conceptual methodology, the study explores secondary data from internet sources, journals, and policy documents, including NEP-2020, to examine its objectives and implementation strategies. The findings underscore NEP-2020's emphasis on flexible curricula, choice-based learning, and multiple entry-exit options, which align with STEAM's interdisciplinary, project-based, and student-centred approach. Globally, STEAM programs integrate Arts with STEM to enhance critical thinking, and problem-solving, and innovations as seen in initiatives in universities of USA and South Korea's creative convergence education. The implementation of a STEAM-based multidisciplinary framework can enhance employability, innovation, and inclusivity, with strong solutions to societal challenges like climate change and technological advancements. By fostering 21st-century skills and breaking disciplinary silos, this framework prepares graduates for a dynamic, AI-driven workforce. The study concludes that integrating STEAM within NEP-2020's vision can create a learner-centric ecosystem, promoting transdisciplinary collaboration and global competitiveness in Indian higher education.

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Keywords: Multidisciplinary framework, STEAM, NEP-2020, higher education, transdisciplinary collaboration.

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