Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The healthcare system is experiencing a critical shift from the conventional hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system due to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases, an ageing population, and continuously rising healthcare expenses. A wide range of therapeutic tools used to modulate or restore organ function make up medical devices. Devices are used to administer a variety of therapies, such as medications, electrical stimulation, laser, and thermal energy, provide mechanical support, and restore sensory functions. They may be implanted or activated temporarily or permanently. This essay aims to examine several implantable and wearable medical technologies. Using a combination of multiplexed bio sensing, microfluidic sampling, and transport systems coupled with flexible materials and body attachments for increased wearability and simplicity, wearable technology has gradually advanced. The ability of these wearable's to provide patients with feedback and a deeper understanding of the relationships between analyte concentrations in blood or non-invasive bio fluids is promising and crucial for the prompt diagnosis, treatment, and management of medical disorders. The sorts of wearable's devices for biological fluids for disease prevention and real-time monitoring of human health are covered in the current review. Since the first implantation pacemaker was developed, implantable medical devices have made incredible strides in the treatment of the most difficult diseases. The ageing population and rising incidence of chronic diseases are driving an increase in the demand for innovation in both current and new implanted devices. We have discussed various IMD kinds in this work, including orthopedic and cardiovascular implants.

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Smartwatch,Pacemaker,Glasses,Wristband,Etc.

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This study investigates the factors contributing to stress among startup entrepreneurs in Rajasthan, with an emphasis on organizational stage, work-life balance, support systems, and funding status. Utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 120 startup founders across major cities in the region. The study employed statistical techniques including ANOVA, correlation, t-tests, and multiple regression to test five hypotheses. The results revealed that perceived stress levels significantly differ across startup stages, with early-growth entrepreneurs experiencing the highest stress. A moderate negative correlation was found between work-life balance and stress levels, while strong family and peer support emerged as significant buffers against stress. Further, entrepreneurs operating bootstrapped ventures reported higher stress than their funded counterparts. Regression analysis identified team size, startup stage, and work-life balance as significant predictors of entrepreneurial stress, explaining 33.9% of the variance. The findings highlight the psychological pressures faced by startup founders and underline the need for support mechanisms at both personal and institutional levels. The study offers actionable implications for entrepreneurs, incubators, policymakers, and mental health professionals working within the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Entrepreneurial Stress, Startups, Stress Factors, Founders' Well-being

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The paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in changing high-level business epics to more detailed user stories in Agile project management. Integrating AI reduces the difficulties in handling complex business requirements and helps ensure they are met accurately, quickly and as needed. The paper sets out an AI-based approach for converting epics to user stories, assesses it by comparing it with other baseline models and explains how it is better than usual transformation processes. The authors integrate new ideas to explain the consequences for both professionals and policy-makers, with proposals for further studies in this area. The new model is predicted to significantly change Agile methods by producing improved results for projects, aligning the team with the company's goals and speeding up innovation with AI.

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Agile project management, AI-driven transformation, predictive modeling, task decomposition, Agile methodologies.

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 Abstract

Yaatra Saahity Bhaarateey Saahity Kee Ek Mahatvapoorn Vidha Hai, Jisamen Lekhak Apane Bhaugolik Anubhavon Ke Saath-Saath Apanee Bhaavanaatmak Aur Aadhyaatmik Anubhootiyon Ko Bhee Vyakt Karata Hai. Kaaka Kaalelakar Dvaara Rachit 'Dakshinee Ganga Godaavaree' Ek Utkrsht Yaatra Vrttaant Hai, Jisamen Unhonne Dakshin Bhaarat Kee Yaatra Ke Dauraan Godaavaree Nadee Ke Saundary, Usake Taton Par Base Dhaarmik Aur Saanskrtik Sthalon, Tatha Praakrtik Parivesh Ka Manohaaree Chitran Kiya Hai.Lekhak Ne Godaavaree Nadee Ko 'Dakshinee Ganga' Ke Roop Mein Dekhate Hue Isakee Pavitrata Aur Saanskrtik Mahatta Ko Ujaagar Kiya Hai. Nadee Kee Pravaahamaan Dhaara, Hare-Bhare Tat, Ghaaton Par Base Mandir Aur Pahaadiyon Kee Praakrtik Chhata Is Yaatra Vrtt Ko Ek Jeevant Roop Pradaan Karate Hain. Yah Yaatra Vrtt Keval Praakrtik Saundary Ka Varnan Nahin Hai, Balki Isamen Lekhak Kee Gaharee Aadhyaatmik Anubhooti Bhee Prakat Hotee Hai. Kaaka Kaalelakar Prakrti Ko Ek Jeevant Shakti Maanate Hain Aur Usakee Shaanti Mein Aatmamanthan Tatha Aatmik Unnati Ka Anubhav Karate Hain. Ve Yaatra Ke Maadhyam Se Keval Baaharee Sthalon Ka Avalokan Nahin Karate, Balki Apane Aantarik Vichaaron Aur Bhaavanaon Ko Bhee Vyakt Karate Hain

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Yaatra Saahity, Praakrtik Saundary, Bhaavanaatmak Anubhooti, Godaavaree Nadee, Aadhyaatmikata, Kaaka Kaalelakar.

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Blended teaching-learning is the core medium to impart education and emerges as an adaptive reform in educational reforms. Higher education institutions are using different platforms for providing both online education with offline education. SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) -MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) is one of the most widely used platforms in higher education institutions. The researcher intends to assess the perspective and challenges of learners towards MOOCs. Researchers interviewed 50 B.Ed. students to assess their perspective and challenges of learners while doing SWAYAM-MOOCs by using a qualitative methodology. The finding aims to assist the developers of SWAYAM portals and concerned stakeholders in improving inclusivity and learner support.

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SWAYAM, MOOCs, Blended teaching-learning, Educational reforms, Higher education institutions.

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The kinetics of the nucleophilic addition of cyanide ion (CN-) to the stabilize malachite green carbonium ions (MG+) in aqueous media is catalyzed by the cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and is inhibited by anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The reactions follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The rate constant depends on surfactant concentration. The micellar data have been quantitatively analysed by Positive Cooperativity model of enzyme catalysis. The value of index of cooperativity (n) has been found to be greater than one. The catalytic and inhibitory effects have been explained in terms of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of various species present in the reaction systems. The added counterions show inhibitory effects on the overall catalysis.

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Micellar media, CTAB, SDS, Positive Cooperativity Model, Counterions

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Abstract: Culture has always been a guesstimated concept backed by hierarchy. This hierarchy was initiated by drawing a prominent line between 'High' art and 'low' culture or mass culture. This protuberant notion emanated from a generalised perimeter of thought guarding the framework of so called genuine cultural practices which are majorly meant to heighten and imprint intellectual, insightful, and aesthetic thoughts and taste in the audience's mind. Mediums which did not fit into such standards were for a significant period deprived of the 'high' art status. This seems quite contrary to the arena of culture as it not only stands for the procedure of developing one's taste but also includes aspects of literary works, artworks, lyrical compositions, architectures all that a society can produce. With the emergence of Modernism, Culture unleashed from the ambits of social status and class. Gradually, the understanding of Culture has managed to surpass the confinements of customs, beliefs, traditions, social expectations and become purely illustrious locution free from the shackles of morality, intellect, or aesthetic or aesthetic preferences; linked to conventional cultural practices.Such impulsive nature of culture often reflects in the autonomous functioning of societies or communities, particularly the non-western ones. This can be perceived by visual imageries or works of art related to culture, especially imageries related to advertisement and graphic design. Such mediums of visual communication have always been an effective mode in undergoing persuasion, especially the term 'Graphic Design' which primarily stands for different genres of designs for printing has always been the most prominent examples of audio-visual communication. Gradual advancements in technology led to the emergence of an array of new possibilities which worked in favour of the most crucial tools of visual communication, one of which is Poster. Though considered a product of 'low' culture, since it's guessed emergence, Posters have proven to be an amalgamation of imagery and words attributed to socio-political and cultural contexts. Due to the commercial and transient nature, it serves as a ground of experimentation for artists. Though dependent on other art mediums like painting, sculpture, photographs etc. its parasitic temperament has continued to evolve within confinements. More precisely, Film Posters have inherited the freedom of experimentation the most. The Western countries though got access to experiment on Film Posters earlier, the Indian Film Posters had a different narrative. Due to possession of two prominent streams of Cinema - Mass and Art, the film posters from the very beginning have supported strict distinctions while forming the stylisations of these two genres. While the Hindi film posters were mostly characterised by bright colours and bohemian essence and often actors appearing against hues of colour, this was not the case with Bengali Film Posters. Bengal during the 1940s and 1950s had a host of talented young designers working in British advertising agencies. The changing market demands of an independent nation amalgamated with the designer's own quest for showing a distinctive regional style reflective in the works of Annada Munshi, Makhan Dutta Gupta, Oroon Coomar Ganguly and especially Satyajit Ray. A visionary auteur like Ray, who not only directed films but also designed publicity materials for them is what shaped the visual culture of modern Bengali Aesthetics. The derivative nature of Cinema when presented in a compact static format of Film Poster is what proposes a designer turned director's legacy. This paper aims to undergo a visual analysis of Ray's Film Posters and understand Ray's interpretation of visual culture through them, subjected to varied range of themes and genres.

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Keywords: Imagery, Film Poster, visual culture, Title design, Cinema, Typography, Bengal

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Nagaland's rugged terrain and fragile geology make the region particularly vulnerable to landslides, especially during the monsoon season. This study examines the physical vulnerability of Nagaland's landscapes and the cascading socio-economic effects of landslides on local communities. Focusing on recent incidents in districts such as Tuensang and critical infrastructure along National Highway-29, the paper explores how these disasters disrupt daily life, displace vulnerable populations, and intensify economic hardships. The findings emphasise the importance of addressing both the physical and social dimensions of landslide risk by integrating scientific knowledge of hazard-prone areas, the lived experiences of local communities and responsive policy action aimed at hazard mitigation, effective land-use planning, and improved disaster preparedness to enhance the resilience of Nagaland's hill communities.

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Landslides, vulnerability, disaster management

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Water is a vital natural resource for human survival as well as an efficient tool of economic development. Water is a clear, colourless, and odourless liquid compound that is essential for human survival and the sustenance of all known forms of life. It is a vital component of our plant. Freshwater bodies, such as ponds, play an essential role in the ecosystem, serving as habitats for diverse aquatic organisms while also contributing to the hydrological cycle. Water analysis was done by APHA 2005. The water analysis result showed that the pond's water was contaminated. The chloride value shows high and slight turbidity in the water.

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water , garden , pollution.

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Crowd management is a critical aspect of ensuring safety, especially in enclosed environments such as classrooms, offices, and public halls. This study presents the design and implementation of a real-time crowd regulation system using Arduino Uno and IoT cloud integration. The system utilizes two infrared (IR) sensors positioned at entry and exit points to monitor the number of individuals within a confined space. When a person enters or exits, the system updates the internal count accordingly. Once the occupancy reaches a predefined threshold, the entry gate is automatically closed using a servo motor to restrict further access, while the exit remains functional. Real-time data including occupancy count and threshold status is transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring and analysis. This solution offers a low-cost, automated approach to crowd control, enhancing safety and efficiency in shared spaces by providing accurate, real-time occupancy insights through sensor-driven and cloud-supported architecture.

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Crowd Monitoring, Arduino Uno, IoT Cloud, Infrared Sensors, ThingSpeak, Real-Time System, Occupancy Detection, Servo Motor Control, Smart Access Control, Embedded Systems.

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Abstract Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a frequent issue, particularly among middle-aged women. Objective: This study compares the effectiveness of combining Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) with Motor Control Exercise (MCE) against Core Stability Training (CST) in reducing pain and disability in women with CLBP. Methods: Thirty women aged 50-60 years with CLBP were randomly assigned into two groups: PNE/MCE (n=15) and CST (n=15). The intervention lasted eight weeks. Pain and disability were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Results: Both groups improved, but the PNE/MCE group showed significantly greater progress (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of PNE and MCE was more effective than CST alone in addressing CLBP.

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Keywords Chronic low back pain, Pain neuroscience education, Motor control exercise, Core stability training, VAS, RMDQ

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The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, represents a dynamic change that was necessary to enhance the transparency, accountability, and inclusivity of the Waqf Properties' governance. Moreover, with the advent of digitalization and modern and updated technologies, the present bill demands the digitalization of the Waqf property records. Not only this, but restructuring the composition of Waqf Boards, introducing representation for Muslim women and backward communities, was highly commendable work done by this bill. Notably, it permits the inclusion of non-Muslims in Waqf boards, making it more accountable and transparent, restricts the concept of "waqf by user," and applies the Limitation Act, 1963, to claims over Waqf land, which indeed a need of hour so that illegal encroachment and corruption in the name of God and Religion can be reduced to some extent. Though every coin has two sides, certain criticisms are faced by the present bill. Scholars contended that this bill will violate their Freedom of Religion and religious autonomy guaranteed under Article 26 of the Indian Constitution, and this will hamper their private religious spaces and undermine their religious sentiments and values. Legal proceedings have also been instituted, questioning its constitutional validity and religious significance. It is yet to be determined whether the good implication of the bill weighs more on the weak side or vice versa. But whatever the result will be, it must be ensured that it will respect the religious boundaries, autonomy, and well-being of the community and will not hamper justice. This paper examines the objectives, provisions, historical overview, arguments put forward, and implications of the Amendment in detail. It also examines the socio-political implications of the reforms and the emerging concerns of state involvement in the management of religious endowments.

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Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, Waqf properties, Muslim personal law, Waqf Board reforms, religious autonomy, Digitalization, accountability

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In today's digital era, social media has become a vital tool for businesses to influence consumer purchasing behaviour. With billions of users on platforms like Facebook and Instagram, marketing strategies on social media directly impact sales and engagement. This study explores how various strategies--such as content marketing, influencer marketing, and paid advertising--shape consumer decisions. Consumer behaviour is influenced by demographics, lifestyle, and culture, and is further shaped by the way brands market on social platforms. Despite growing use, many businesses lack clarity on which strategies are most effective. This research aims to identify the most impactful marketing tactics through a mixed-methods approach, combining literature review, surveys, and expert interviews. The study provides insights for marketers to craft data-driven, consumer-focused strategies. It also helps businesses stay competitive in an evolving digital landscape. Results will guide brands to create targeted campaigns that boost engagement, conversions, and revenue.

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social media marketing , advertisement, marketing strategies,

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We are abandoning our ancient traditions and imitating the West. By immersing ourselves in the world of consumerism, we are extracting natural resources and pushing nature to the path of destruction. But our forefathers have talked about people living in harmony with nature. Environmentalism has always been deeply ingrained in Hindu society, even from the earliest stages of the Hindu civilization. The natural elements that impacted their life were seen by our ancestors as manifestations of the Supreme Being or God, known as Brahman. They were aware of God's presence around them. The current environmental problem deserves a spiritual approach. Now the time has come to bring out those lost cultures and nature and people will live together.

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Environment, Pollution, Hinduism, Vedic Philosophy, Awareness

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Abstract: Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) is a rare, aggressive Grade III primary brain tumor arising from astrocytes. It predominantly affects adults aged 30-50 years and is characterized by increased cellular atypia, mitotic activity, and a high risk of progression to glioblastoma. Genetic alterations, including TP53 mutations, ATRX deletions, and IDH1/IDH2 mutations, significantly influence prognosis. Clinically, patients present with progressive neurological deficits, seizures, and cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast serves as the primary diagnostic tool, revealing non-enhancing lesions with variable edema. Histopathological analysis and genetic profiling confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. Standard management includes maximal surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Molecular markers and extent of resection impact survival, with IDH-mutant tumors having a better prognosis. Despite advancements, AA remains challenging to treat, necessitating further research into targeted therapies and immunotherapy to improve outcomes.

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Anaplastic astrocytoma, Grade III glioma, IDH mutation, MRI diagnosis, Glioblastoma.

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To counter the depleting water resources and ill usage of water by identification of the problems, leak points, losses, wastage and giving suggestions to minimize the same. The evaluation of water sources which pumped water throughout the campus was the foremost step of the water audit of the campus and then water meters were installed at suitable distribution points to measure the usage. Water meter indicates the measured value of water usage at that particular location.

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Index Terms - Inlet, Outlet, Storages, Water Requirement, Suggestion,

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The increasing use of disposable paper cups has led to significant environmental concerns due to their improper disposal and limited recyclability for the paper cup's

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Paper cup waste, solid waste management

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This study presents a comprehensive impact assessment of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) initiatives in the Umarpada block of Surat district, Gujarat, aligning with the goals of the National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat). This study looks at how well children in the Umarpada block of Surat district, Gujarat, are learning basic reading, writing, and math skills - also known as Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN). These skills are very important for young children, especially in classes 1 to 3, because they form the base for all future learning. The study focuses on a tribal area where children often face more challenges in learning. Researcher used different methods like surveys, student assessments, classroom visits, and interviews with teachers and parents to understand what is working and what is not. Based on study findings, Researcher suggest ways to improve learning, especially by helping teachers more, using local languages, and involving the community. This can help all children build strong reading and math skills from the beginning.

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Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), Learning Outcomes, Impact Assessment, NIPUN Bharat, Early Grade Learning.

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Menopause marks the end of menstruation, followed by twelve months of amenorrhea, initiating postmenopause. Hormonal and metabolic changes during this transition increase the risk of non-communicable diseases like obesity, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Lifestyle factors such as poor sleep, physical inactivity, psychological distress, and also quality of diet elevate these risks. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 postmenopausal women using structured interviews, standardized tools, self-designed questions, and clinical assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results showed that menopausal symptoms (p=0.009), sleep quality (p=0.016), and psychological distress (p=0.001) were statistically significant with blood pressure. Similarly, menopausal symptoms (p=0.015), sleep quality (p=0.001), and psychological distress (p=0.005) were significant with BMI. Participants showed high intake of sweetened beverages, salty snacks, and fried items. Participants with normal BMI had higher Diet Quality Score (p=0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with intake of protein (r=-0.215), calcium (r = -0.283), and iron (r = -0.310), while calcium (r = -0.207) intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, study demonstrates that lifestyle factors such as sleep, psychological distress levels and quality of diet significantly influence the risk of obesity and hypertension during the postmenopausal phase.

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Postmenopause, Obesity, Hypertension, Lifestyle factors, Quality of diet

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This paper examines the intricate relationship between imagination, creativity, and improvisation in Karnataka Music, the South Indian classical music tradition. Through a detailed analysis of the creative process from mental conception to musical manifestation, this study reveals how traditional frameworks can foster rather than constrain artistic innovation. The research draws upon the works of master composers and performers from the 18th century to the present, examining how creativity operates within established aesthetic principles. Key findings demonstrate that genuine creativity in Karnataka Music emerges from the synthesis of deep traditional understanding, technical mastery, and authentic personal expression. The paper challenges common misconceptions about the relationship between tradition and innovation, showing how improvisation represents the pinnacle of creative expression within traditional parameters. The study contributes to musicological discourse by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding creativity in traditional art forms and offers practical applications for pedagogy and performance. This analysis has broader implications for understanding how living traditions maintain vitality while preserving essential character, offering insights relevant to cultural preservation and artistic education beyond the musical domain.

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Imagination, Creativity, Manodharma, Kalpana, Improvisation

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