Volume 14 | Issue 6

 Abstract

In this study, the association demographic variables and the behavioural biases of individual investors is analyzed. Some behavioural biases such as the heuristic bias, overconfidence bias, herding bias, confirmation bias and framing bias are important factors affecting investment decision making. The study will explore if there is a statistically significant relationship between these behavioural biases and demographic factors (occupation, annual income). A quantitative research design was used and a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale was used to draw primary data from 402 respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for testing the association between the demographic variables and behavioural biases. Results of the study indicate that Occupation and annual income have different degrees of relationships with the different behavioural biases. There was significant effect among income groups in the cases of heuristic bias, overconfidence bias, and herding bias, and Occupation was significantly related to heuristic bias, overconfidence bias, herding bias, confirmation bias and framing bias. The findings reveal that investors' psychological tendencies and decision-making processes are greatly influenced by their demographic characteristics. The study adds to the behavioural finance literature by offering empirical evidence of the impact of socio-economic factors on behavioural biases.

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Heuristic bias, Overconfidence bias, Herding bias, Confirmation bias, Framing bias, Behavioural bias, Annual income, Occupation

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The area of expertise known as "Voice Culture" focuses on proper voice producing methods. Studying the voice and music go hand in hand. Learning to sing a range of ragas, compositions, and musical extemporisation are all part of the art form. A study of voice focuses on producing sound in the proper way and modifying it for different singing styles. While there are many exercises in the Indian classical music system that help improve singing technique, a thorough examination of all the scientific aspects of voice cultivation as well as the practice of technically advanced exercises will aid singers in self-analysis and vocal apparatus manipulation for flawless modulation. In the purest sense, voice culture is a science that is intimately related to anatomy, psychology, physics, yoga, and music.

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Voice Modulation, Vocal chords, Voice Training, Voice Culture.

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This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of choreographic techniques employed across Indian classical dance traditions in the interpretation of compositions by different vaggeyakaras -- poet-composers who authored both the literary text and the musical setting of their works. Spanning foundational figures such as Jayadeva (12th century), Annamacharya (15th century), Kshetrayya (17th century), Tyagaraja (18th-19th century), Siddhendra Yogi, Narayana Tirtha, Swati Tirunal, and Purandaradasa, this review examines how the poetic register, rasa orientation, lyrical language, tala structure, and devotional philosophy of each vaggeyakara directly inform the abhinaya, nritta, and nritya choices made by choreographers and gurus across Kuchipudi, Bharatanatyam, Odissi, Manipuri, and Mohiniattam. Drawing on peer-reviewed articles, doctoral theses from Indian universities, and institutional records from the Sangeet Natak Akademi and Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), this study traces both cross-form commonalities and form-specific distinctions in the treatment of vaggeyakara compositions. The review argues that choreographic technique is not merely a bodily practice but a hermeneutic act -- a reading of the poet-composer's intent mediated through the grammar of the dance tradition -- and identifies significant lacunae in the existing scholarship warranting future research.

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Vaggeyakara, Choreographic Technique, Abhinaya, Kuchipudi, Bharatanatyam, Odissi, Rasa, Nritta, Nritya, Padam, Ashtapadi, Indian Classical Dance

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महाराष्ट्र राज्यातील औरंगाबाद (छत्रपती संभाजी नगर) हा जिल्हा पर्यटनाच्या दृष्टीने एक महत्त्वाचा आहे. छत्रपती संभाजीनगर शहरापासून अवघ्या १०१ कि.मी. अंतरावर जागतिक वारसा लाभलेले 'अजिंठा पर्यटन स्थळ' असून, ही केंद्र सुमारे इ.स पूर्व दुसऱ्या ते इ.स.चौथ्या शतकातील आहे. या ठिकाणी 'बौद्ध' धर्माच्या लेण्या प्रामुख्याने दिसून येतात. 'अजिंठा लेणी' हे ठिकाण पर्यटकांचे आकर्षक असल्याने, येथे जगभरातून प्रतिदिन हजारो पर्यटक भेटी देतात. त्यामुळे या पर्यटन स्थळाचा सामाजिक आर्थिक प्रभाव प्रामुख्याने दिसून येतो. 'अजिंठा लेणी' ही एक जागतिक पर्यटन स्थळ असून ते परकीय चलन प्राप्त करते आणि थेट रोजगाराद्वारे केंद्र राज्य आणि स्थानिक आर्थिकीकरणाला चालना देते. त्यामुळे त्यामुळे 'अजिंठा लेणी' हे पर्यटन स्थळ पर्यटन व पर्यटकांच्या दृष्टीने अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण व संवेदनशील आहे. हे पर्यटन स्थळ पर्यटकांना विचार प्रवृत्त करायला भाग पाडते. तेथील शिल्प पर्यटकांच्या मनामध्ये स्वतःच्या अस्तित्वाची जागा निर्माण करते. म्हणून प्रस्तुत शोधनिबंध 'अजिंठा लेणी' या आंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यटन स्थळावर प्रकाश टाकतो.

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पर्यटन स्थळ, अजिंठा, आकर्षण, पर्यटक, प्रभाव, रोजगार इत्यादी.

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China is currently confronted with a range of ecological issues, encompassing air and water pollution, soil contamination, climate change and loss of biodiversity. Strategically, China's future ecological trajectory would have major ramifications. China's national security, economy and international relations are all at risk if environmental degradation goes unchecked. The future course of China's ecological landscape hinges on several factors, including the environmental policies set by the Chinese government, the pace of economic advancement and the impact of climate change. These ecological challenges in China hold substantial strategic importance, not only for the country but also for its neighboring nations and the global community.

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Ecosphere, Climate Change, Deforestation Overfishing, Biodiversity, Health, Pollution, Water Contamination, Soil Deterioration

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“શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિએ લખાયેલા અથવા બોલાયેલા ભાષાને સમજવી,વિશ્લેષણ કરવી અને તાર્કિક રીતે મૂલ્યાંકન કરીને અનુમાન કરવાની તથા નિષ્કર્ષ કાઢવાની માનસિક ક્ષમતા છે”(રોબીન્સ,૨૦૧૩) પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસનો હેતુ ધોરણ 9ના વિદ્યાર્થીઓની શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિનું મૂલ્યાંકન કરવાનો તેમજ તેમની જાતિ અને વિસ્તાર આધારે તફાવતોની તપાસ કરવાનો હતો.અભ્યાસમાં અમદાવાદ જિલ્લાની કુલ 5 માધ્યમિક શાળાઓમાંથી સહેતુક પદ્ધતિથી પસંદ કરાયેલા 220 વિદ્યાર્થીઓનો નમૂનો લેવામાં આવ્યો. શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિ માપન માટે 100 પ્રશ્નો ધરાવતી ડૉ. હર્ષાબેન આર. પટેલ રચિત પ્રમાણિત કસોટીનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો. એકત્રિત માહિતીનું મધ્યક, પ્રમાણિત વિચલન અને ‘t’ કસોટી દ્વારા વિશ્લેષણ કરવામાં આવ્યું. વિશ્લેષણના પરિણામો દર્શાવે છે કે વિદ્યાર્થીઓની શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિ પર જાતિ અને ગ્રામ્ય અને શહેરી વિસ્તાર વચ્ચે તેમજ શહેરી વિસ્તારના અને ગ્રામ્ય વિસ્તારના કુમાર અને કન્યાઓ વચ્ચે શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિમાં કોઈ પ્રમાણભૂત તફાવત જોવા મળતો નથી. આથી તારણ મળે છે કે ધોરણ 9 ના વિદ્યાર્થીઓની શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિ જાતિ અને વિસ્તાર જેવા પરિબળોથી પ્રભાવિત થતી નથી. સમાજ આર્થિક અથવા પરિસ્થિતિજન્ય પરિબળોની અસર કરતાં શૈક્ષણિક પરિસર અને વ્યક્તિગત માનસિક ક્ષમતા વધુ મહત્વપૂર્ણ હોવાની સંભાવના છે. અભ્યાસના તારણો શિક્ષકો,શિક્ષણવિદો અને સંશોધકોને વિદ્યાર્થીઓની ક્ષમતાઓને વધુ અસરકારક રીતે સમજવામાં તથા શૈક્ષણિક આયોજન સુધારવામાં મદદરૂપ થાય છે.

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તર્કશક્તિ, શાબ્દિક તર્કશક્તિ

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 Abstract

शरद जोशी की व्यंग्य लेखन के प्रति चिंता आम आदमी की चेतना को सामाजिक आधार प्रदान करने से जुड़ी रही। जोशी जी की रचनाओं में मानवीय मूल्यों का विघटन एक प्रमुख विषय है। उन्होंने समकालीन समाज, राजनीति और प्रशासन में व्याप्त भ्रष्टाचार, अवसरवाद और स्वार्थ को उजागर कर नैतिक पतन पर तीखे व्यंग्य किये हैं। उनके व्यंग्य बताते हैं कि आधुनिक युग में सत्य, वैराग्य, और ईमानदारी जैसे आदर्श पीछे छूट गए हैं। इसके विपरीत झूठ, हिंसा, चापलूसी जैसे दुर्गुणों को समाज में स्वीकार्यता मिलने लगी है।

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व्यंग्य, विघटन, मानवीय मूल्य, राजनीति, भ्रष्ट, अफसर, शरद जोशी

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The Baya Weaver (Ploceus philippinus) is renowned for constructing intricate hanging nests that represent one of the most remarkable examples of avian architecture. It is a highly social and colonial species, building self-woven nests suspended from the branches of trees. The present study was conducted at five selected sites in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, India, to investigate structural abnormalities in Baya Weaver nests. Only abandoned nests were collected after the completion of the breeding season to avoid disturbance to active colonies. Detailed examination of these nests revealed several structural variations, including incomplete entrance tubes, distorted brood chambers, irregular weaving patterns, and asymmetrical nest architecture. Such abnormalities may arise from multiple factors, including environmental stress, strong winds, scarcity of suitable nesting materials, and the inexperience of young males. The findings indicate that many of these structural modifications are not merely accidental defects but may represent adaptive responses to environmental challenges and predation pressures. This study provides valuable insights into the nesting behaviour and structural plasticity of the Baya Weaver in the semi-arid ecosystem of the Shekhawati region.

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Ploceus philippinus, Baya Weaver, nest architecture, structural abnormalities, Shekhawati region, Rajasthan, adaptive behaviour.

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In These Hills Called Home: Stories from a War Zone (2006), Temsula Ao extends her reflections on Nagaland's turbulent landscape through her short stories by portraying the daily hardships of people living amid the clash between insurgent aspirations for sovereignty and the state's coercive power. This paper titled "Power, Surveillance and Interpellation: A Critical Reading of Temsula Ao's These Hills Called Home" offers a critical reading of Temsula Ao's These Hills Called Home by bringing Michel Foucault's theories of discipline and surveillance into dialogue with Louis Althusser's models of state apparatuses. It argues that Ao's narratives stage a multilayered and relational field of power in which panoptic mechanisms (curfews, patrols, memory) and both Repressive State Apparatuses (army, police) and Ideological State Apparatuses (church, kinship norms, village assemblies) jointly produce subjectivities and uneven forms of consent and coercion. The study uncovers a complex structure of power that operates in militarised Nagaland through discipline, monitoring and ideological conditioning. A close reading of select stories will show how surveillance disciplines time, space and bodily comportment while ideological interpellation normalises gendered and communal roles, and how these processes interact to reconfigure identity and social relations. The study also emphasises how Ao's narratives illustrate resistance and human perseverance while also revealing hidden and visible control strategies.

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Power, resistance, surveillance, Ideological State Apparatuses, Repressive State Apparatuses, interpellation

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Food Recommender Systems (FRS) has emerged as an important sub area of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) that is significantly different from other traditional areas of recommendation such as e-commerce or media streaming. This systematic review aims to do an architectural analysis of intelligent FRS using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). We summarize 21 basic peer-reviewed studies and examine how these emergent systems cope with high dimensional and non-linear constraints like user health states, complex multi-component ingredients, temporal consumption rules, and multimodal streams of features. These methods fall into four structural paradigm groups: Traditional Matrix Methods, Sequence-based Neural Nets, Heterogeneous Information Networks (HIN), and Advanced Optimization Frameworks. Last, open challenges for sparsity training, cold-start issue and unified offline metrics for algorithmic precision nutrition are elaborated which will serve as future research roadmap.

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Food Recommender Systems, Heterogeneous Information Networks, Deep Learning, Multi-Objective Optimization, Computational Health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT To understand the progress and development of a society, one of the crucial indicator is how women in that society is being treated. What are their rights, what limitations and prejudices do they face and what opportunities do they have Women constitute half of the global population. However, they are the largest excluded category in almost all aspects. The status of women in tribal society, even in the era of globalization, remains one of the major issues for discussion. In most tribal societies across the world, women are considered a weaker section of society, though women contribute to the overall social development, which cannot be denied. It is generally said that women in the North-Eastern part of India enjoy a better status than their counterparts in the rest of India. However, the customary law and practices in their application are often discriminatory against them. Understanding gender dynamics in tribal societies requires looking beyond romantic notions to examine both freedom and constraints that shape women's lives. The objectives of this paper are to highlight and understand the status of women in the traditional Apatani society of Arunachal Pradesh, which has to be studied in the light of their work participation in social, economic, religious, and political spheres. The primary and secondary sources have been used in the collection of data.

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Keywords: Apatani, women, Arunachal Pradesh, Customary law

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भारत विश्व के सर्वाधिक जनजातीय विविधता वाले राष्ट्रों में से एक है, जहाँ लगभग 10.45 करोड़ (2011 जनगणना) जनजातीय जनसंख्या 705 से अधिक जनजातीय समूहों में विभाजित है। ये समुदाय भारतीय सभ्यता की आदिम धारा के संवाहक हैं और देश के वन, जल, खनिज एवं सांस्कृतिक संसाधनों के प्रमुख संरक्षक रहे हैं। तथापि स्वतंत्रता के सात दशकों के पश्चात् भी ये समुदाय विकास की मुख्यधारा से पूर्णतः सम्बद्ध नहीं हो सके हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में भारतीय जनजातीय समुदायों के ऐतिहासिक विकास-क्रम, उनके सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक-आर्थिक योगदान तथा उनके समक्ष विद्यमान चुनौतियों का वैश्विक संदर्भ में तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण किया गया है। वेदकालीन साहित्य से लेकर NEP 2020 तक की जनजातीय नीतियों का परीक्षण करते हुए यह स्थापित किया गया है कि जनजातीय समुदाय भारत के सतत विकास (Sustainable Development) में अनिवार्य भागीदार हैं। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अनुभवों — ऑस्ट्रेलिया, कनाडा, न्यूज़ीलैंड, बोलीविया — के आलोक में भारत के लिए नीतिगत सुझाव भी प्रस्तुत किये गए हैं।

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जनजातीय विकास, भारतीय जनजाति, वैश्विक स्वदेशी समुदाय, वन अधिकार अधिनियम, UNDRIP, सतत विकास, जनजातीय योगदान, IKS, पारंपरिक पारिस्थितिक ज्ञान, PESA, समावेशी नीति

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Social media platforms have emerged as one of the most transformative forces in contemporary society, fundamentally reshaping how individuals communicate, form identities, and navigate social norms. From an educational standpoint, understanding these dynamics is essential for equipping students, educators, and policymakers with the tools to engage critically and responsibly with digital environments. This paper examines the multidimensional role of social media in shaping social behavior, drawing on empirical evidence and educational theory. Quantitative data reveal that over 4.9 billion people globally use social media as of 2024, with teenagers spending an average of 7.2 hours per day on digital platforms. The paper explores five key dimensions: (1) identity formation and self-presentation, (2) peer influence and conformity, (3) civic engagement and social movements, (4) mental health and behavioral outcomes, and (5) implications for educational practice and digital literacy. Findings indicate that social media simultaneously fosters connectivity, creativity, and civic awareness while also contributing to social comparison, cyberbullying, misinformation, and addictive patterns. The paper argues that educational institutions must integrate structured digital literacy programs and social-emotional learning frameworks to help learners navigate the social media landscape constructively. The conclusion advocates for a balanced, evidence-based pedagogical approach that acknowledges both the opportunities and risks inherent in social media use, and calls for collaboration between educators, parents, platform designers, and policymakers.

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social media, social behavior, digital literacy, education, identity formation, mental health, civic engagement, peer influence.

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Abstract: Colour plays a significant role in the fashion industry and has a strong influence on consumer buying behaviour. This study focuses on understanding how colour trends affect customers' preferences and purchase decisions in Pune city. Colour is not only an aesthetic element but also a psychological factor that impacts emotions, perception, and product attractiveness. The research aims to analyse how consumers respond to different colour trends and how these trends influence their buying decisions. It also examines the role of colour in visual merchandising and its impact on boutique sales. Data for the study was collected through a structured questionnaire from consumers and boutique owners. The responses were analysed using percentage and graphical methods to identify patterns and trends. The findings of the study indicate that most consumers are highly influenced by colour while purchasing fashion products. Bright and trending colours are preferred, especially during festive and wedding seasons. Boutique owners also believe that colour trends play an important role in increasing sales and attracting customers. The study concludes that colour is a powerful tool in the fashion industry and should be carefully selected to meet consumer expectations. Understanding colour trends can help designers and retailers improve product appeal, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase sales. Therefore, the effective use of colour in fashion design and retail strategy is essential for success in the competitive market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Colour Trends, Consumer Behaviour, Fashion Industry, Buying Behaviour, Visual Merchandising, Retail Sales.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology has become one of the most significant advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Speech Processing, and Human-Computer Interaction. It enables computers to transform written text into natural and intelligible speech, allowing users to interact with digital systems more efficiently. However, conventional TTS systems are generally designed for a single language and fail to provide accurate pronunciation, natural intonation, and seamless language switching in multilingual environments. This limitation creates accessibility challenges for multilingual users, visually impaired individuals, students, travelers, and professionals who regularly communicate using multiple languages. The proposed Multi-Language Text-to-Speech Recognition System addresses these challenges by developing an intelligent speech synthesis framework capable of converting text written in different languages into clear, natural, and human-like speech. The system integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP), Deep Learning, Neural Text-to-Speech models, and language identification techniques to automatically recognize the input language before generating speech. Advanced preprocessing methods including text normalization, tokenization, phoneme conversion, and linguistic feature extraction are employed to improve pronunciation accuracy and speech fluency. The proposed framework supports multiple regional and international languages while preserving language-specific pronunciation, stress patterns, rhythm, and emotional tone. Unlike traditional TTS systems, the proposed solution can efficiently process multilingual documents without requiring manual language selection. Deep Neural Networks and Transformer-based architectures significantly improve speech quality while reducing robotic voice characteristics. Furthermore, the system is designed as a web-based application that provides an easy-to-use interface where users can enter text, select voice preferences, adjust speech speed, and download synthesized audio. Experimental evaluation demonstrates high speech intelligibility, pronunciation accuracy, naturalness, and reduced synthesis latency across different languages. The proposed system has potential applications in education, healthcare, e-learning, digital assistants, accessibility tools, customer support, smart devices, and multilingual communication platforms. Overall, the research contributes toward developing an efficient, scalable, and user-friendly multilingual speech synthesis system capable of enhancing digital accessibility and improving communication among users speaking different languages.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multi-Language Text-to-Speech, Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Speech Synthesis, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Transformer Models, Language Identification, Speech Processing, Human-Computer Interaction, Voice Generation, Accessibility, Multilingual Communication.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the issue of financial exclusion in Tirupur highlights the gap that still exists between technological progress and ground-level realities. Despite advancements in digital finance and supportive government initiatives, a considerable section of the population--particularly workers in the unorganized sector--remains unbanked or underbanked.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FinTech, Financial Inclusion, Unbanked Population, Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Financial Literacy, Digital Payments, Inclusive Finance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Study to assess the knowledge regarding impact of alcoholism among young adults residing in selected areas of Chengamanadu gram panchayath. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding the impact of alcoholism among young adult and find out the association between knowledge regarding the impact of alcoholism among young adults with their selected demographic variables. In this, a descriptive study design was used and 30 young adults were selected for the study. The data was collected by using structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding impact of alcoholism in young adults. The data was analysed using descriptive statics. In the study, the knowledge was described as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. The result shows that (43.3%) has adequate level of knowledge, (50%) has average knowledge, and (6.67%) has poor knowledge. The knowledge was mainly characterized as adequate, average and poor. According to the study there is a significant association between the knowledge and demographic variables such as age and socio-economic status of the participants and there is no association between other demographic variables.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords:-Assess, Knowledge, Impact of Alcoholism, Young Adults

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract :- In this paper, we anelyze a Bianchi type-I cosmo logial model filled with bulk vicous fluid .string cloud with attached particals dust, and magnetic field wthin the framewomk,of,General Relativity. Balk viscocosity is considened to describe dissipative proceses in the early universe, whil cosmic strings represent topological defects strings represent topological defects formed during phase transitions. the presenc of a magnetic field equations are formulated and solved under suitable physical conditions. the behavior of physical parameter's such as energy density, expansion scalar, shear scalar, and magnetic field play a significant role in the evolution of the universe, leading to isothopization of later times.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords :- Bianchi type -I, Bulk visgosity , cosmic strings ,dust matter, magneticfield , genenal relativity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses are crucial to India's financial stability because they drive economic expansion, productivity, and job creation. The Goods and Services Tax, or GST, was designed to simplify taxation and provide clarity by utilising a single indirect tax structure. Under GST 2.0, modern digital techniques for tax compliance have been implemented, including electronic invoicing, automatic submission of tax forms, fast invoice matching, and monitoring information via the GST Network, or GSTN. However, many small and medium-sized enterprises struggle to utilise these digital tools due to their lack of digital expertise, inadequate equipment, and rising costs of regulatory compliance. This study aims to investigate how the digital advancements of GST 2.0 impact tax management for MSMEs in Nagpur, Maharashtra. A carefully designed questionnaire was used to collect first-hand information from 400 MSMEs for this study. The relationship between digital shifts and regulatory compliance is assessed using statistical techniques such as descriptive analysis, relationship analysis, multiple regression, and ANOVA. The findings are expected to demonstrate how MSME compliance is affected by digital tax obligations and highlight the primary challenges companies face while implementing digital GST systems. By suggesting strategies to enhance MSMEs' digital readiness and successful compliance, the report aims to influence policy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GST 2.0, MSMEs, Digital Tax Compliance, Compliance Behaviour, E-Invoicing, India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Humanism occupies a central position in modern Indian literature as a philosophical and literary approach that places human beings, their dignity, suffering, freedom, and ethical responsibility at the centre of literary discourse. Among the foremost Indian writers who successfully transformed human suffering into universal literary experience is Mamoni Raisom Goswami (Indira Goswami). Her novels reveal profound compassion for marginalized communities, women, widows, labourers, tribal groups, refugees, victims of communal violence, and economically deprived people. Rather than merely portraying social realities, Goswami explores the psychological, cultural, and existential dimensions of human suffering and resilience. Her fiction transcends regional boundaries and reflects universal human values such as love, equality, justice, forgiveness, empathy, and hope.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Humanism, Mamoni Raisom Goswami, Indira Goswami, Assamese Novel, Humanity, Social Justice, Women, Marginalization, Compassion, Indian Literature.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition