Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The architectural design of safe houses for orphans is a critical multidisciplinary field that addresses the needs of vulnerable children. This paper reviews historical contexts, psychological considerations, local wisdom, and sustainability in orphanage design, drawing from diverse sources. Historical precedents show the evolution of orphanage architecture, while modern principles emphasize psychological well-being, cultural sensitivity, and sustainability. By blending architecture with imagination and considering cultural and psychological factors, architects can create spaces that foster the holistic development and well-being of orphaned children.

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Orphanage Design, Innovative Architectural Solutions, Safe Housing for Orphans

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This study aimed to assess the quality and performance of different brands of Metformin Hydrochloride tablets (USP) available in the Indian market. Three commercially available brands were selected for the study and subjected to various tests according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines. Parameters including weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration time, and dissolution profile were evaluated to ensure compliance with established standards. The study revealed significant variations among the tested brands in terms of their quality attributes. While some brands exhibited satisfactory performance within the specified limits, others demonstrated deviations from the pharmacopeial standards. These findings underscore the importance of stringent quality control measures in pharmaceutical manufacturing and highlight the need for regulatory oversight to ensure the consistent quality of medications available to consumers. Further studies incorporating additional quality parameters and clinical evaluations are warranted to provide comprehensive insights into the performance and therapeutic equivalence of different brands of Metformin Hydrochloride tablets in the Indian market.

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Metformin Hydrochloride, Friability, Hardness, Dissolution, Disintegration

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Dragon fruit, belonging to the Cactaceae family, encompasses two varieties, Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus. This fruit is abundant in various antioxidants such as betalains, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonoids. These antioxidants play a crucial role in shielding cells from free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases and slowing down the aging process. Additionally, dragon fruit is rich in phyto albumins and vitamin C, renowned for their antioxidant properties, which contribute to tightening and improving the flexibility of the skin, while also imparting a radiant glow. Regular application of creams containing dragon fruit extract can effectively combat aging, and it is also beneficial in treating acne and soothing sunburn. This study aims to compare the antioxidant levels and activities in the pulps and peels of two dragon fruit species, Hylocereus undatus (white dragon fruit) and Hylocereus polyrhizus (red dragon fruit). The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) assay revealed that both species' peels had higher phenolic content than their pulps. Specifically, the phenolic content in H. undatus peels exceeded that of H. polyrhizus, whereas in the pulps, the reverse was observed. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay indicated that the peels of both species exhibited greater radical scavenging activities compared to their pulps. Additionally, the ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay demonstrated moderate metal ion chelating effects in both peels and pulps of both species when compared to EDTA. Overall, the findings suggest a significant relationship between Total Phenolic Content and primary antioxidant activities, highlighting the antioxidant potential of dragon fruit peels and pulps, and implying their potential utility in various applications.

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Acne, sunburn, Dragon fruits, herbal cream, anti-ageing.

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Phishing attacks, designed to deceive users into divulging sensitive information by masquerading as trustworthy entities, are a significant threat in the digital landscape. Detecting phishing URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) is crucial to safeguarding online users and protecting sensitive data. Traditional approaches to phishing detection, often reliant on manual blacklisting and heuristic methods, struggle to keep pace with the rapidly evolving tactics of attackers. This study explores the application of machine learning techniques to improve the detection of phishing URLs, leveraging their ability to learn from data and identify patterns indicative of phishing activities.We propose a robust framework for phishing URL detection using machine learning algorithms, combining feature extraction techniques and classification models. Our methodology involves the extraction of key features from URLs, including lexical characteristics, domain-based features, and URL metadata. These features serve as inputs to various machine learning classifiers, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting, among others.

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URL detection, Machine learning, Cybersecurity, Feature extraction, Lexical analysis, Domain attributes, Web page content.

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The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into teacher education is no longer a luxury but a necessity. The 21st century demands a shift in educational paradigms, necessitating the seamless integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into teacher education. This research paper delves into the transformative potential of ICT in equipping future educators with the skills and knowledge to foster dynamic and impactful learning environments. Examining various approaches to ICT integration, including basic skills development, subject-specific implementation, pedagogical understanding, and project-based learning, the paper highlights the benefits of harnessing technology for effective teaching and personalized learning. It addresses crucial challenges like the digital divide, the need for pedagogical understanding, and continuous professional development for educators. Further, the paper analyses the impact of ICT on key aspects of education, including curriculum development, assessment practices, and teacher-student interactions. It emphasizes the importance of fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills in students through technology-rich environments. It highlights the importance of moving beyond mere technical training and fostering a pedagogical understanding of how ICT can enhance teaching and learning across all subjects. The paper also addresses crucial considerations such as infrastructure development, access equity, and ongoing professional development for teachers. By integrating ICT thoughtfully and strategically, we can empower educators to create dynamic, engaging, and effective learning environments that prepare students for the demands of the digital age. And by investigating best practices and emerging trends in ICT integration, the paper proposes a strategic framework for teacher education institutions to effectively prepare future educators for the demands of a technology-driven future. It concludes by advocating for ongoing research and collaboration to refine approaches and maximize the transformative potential of ICT in shaping the next generation of educators.

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ICT integration, Education ,Teaching Learning Process ,Approaches

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Many models of development have been adopted in the world, the result of which we have got mixed results. The development paradigm adopted by most of the world today is not human-centered but economic-centered. Due to a lack of human-centered governance and economy, today humanity and nature are being exploited unlimitedly, due to which terrible environmental problems and economic inequality have emerged all over the world, which has put human life in danger. Today the world is not looking for a paradigm that can solve this grave crisis and make human development possible. So the question is how to balance the gap between nature and man? Today the world needs such a vision of development that is capable of providing physical prosperity to the entire human being as well as mental health, less harm to nature, sustainable, sustainable, and satisfying to human beings. Will the Indian Sanatan tradition be useful for solving these problems? In this chapter, adopting the Sanatan vision, we will look for a solution to today's contemporary problem by discussing the 'Integral Humanism Philosophy' propounded by Deendayal Upadhyaya. Will this eternal vision be an alternative to the solution of human development and governance? To answer all these questions, we need to read Deendayal Upadhyaya's Integral Humanism Philosophy, in which human beings are not integrated only as individuals and societies, but are ideal for human-centered development and governance.

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Integral Humanism: An Analysis

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In today's world women entrepreneurs play a significant role and have made vital contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. In the traditional Indian culture, women were restricted to four walls. Notwithstanding, in modern India, they come out and take an interest in a wide range of activities including Entrepreneurship. Despite the fact that they are assuming a key function in the general public, however, their entrepreneurial capacity has not been appropriately tapped due to judgemental social orders. In India, business is mainly dominated by menfolk only but women have now realized the criticality of survival and the need of coming at par with men. They are standing for their rights, freedom, and equality in the business domain. The present study will analyse the women empowerment in India through Entrepreneurship

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Gender Equality, Empowerment, Entrepreneurship, Freedom

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The recent past in the technological development evidenced that evolution in Nanotechnology and nanoscience is the key factor. Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science and other engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology are spreading in almost all the branches of science and technology. Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely employed in different research areas, ranging from analytical chemistry and environmental science to medicine, the agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. Nanotechnology plays a big part in our modern daily lives, ranging from the biomedical sector to the energy sector. There are different physicochemical and biological methods to synthesise nanoparticles towards multiple applications.Generally nanoparticles size ranges from 1 to 100 nm with one (or) more dimensions. Generally nanoparticles classified into inorganic, organic and particles based on carbon in nanometric scale that has properties improved compared to larger size of respective materials. They show properties which are enhanced such as strength, sensitivity, high reactivity, stability, surface area etc., due to their smaller size. They were synthesized by various methods for research and commercial uses which are classified into three types-chemical, physical and mechanical processes which had sawn a vast improvement. We have prepared this paper to present a review on nanoparticles, their types, characterization, synthesis methods and applications in field of environment.

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Nanoparticles, Nanoscience, types, synthesis, characteristics and applications.

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The local self-government has a significant role in the process of disaster management and preparedness. This paper reports selected results from a survey of Kerala Panchayat Raj institutions conducted in November 2022 that investigated their adoption of district-level disaster management policies and guidelines. An offline questionnaire was distributed to Alappuzha local self-governments, which were chosen through focus groups held in the region's inland administrative centres of Chennithala Thripperunthura Grama Panchayat. This paper attempts to identify and analyse local self-government strategies, disaster management policies and guidelines, and the affected people who respond to local self-government policies.

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Panchayat Raj institution (PRIs), Disaster Management, Relief, Rehabilitation

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NeuroDigiScan introduces a paradigm shift in medical imaging by automating defect of modern diagnostics. Identifying tumors in MRI scans is pivotal for treatment planning, yet conventional methods, reliant on human inspection, falter due to data volume. To mitigate this, NeuroDigiScan Proposes Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) algorithms, surmounting traditional classifier limitations in detecting brain tumors. The intricate and diverse nature of tumors presents a formidable challenge in MRI brain tumor detection, underscoring the necessity for automated systems to bolster diagnostic precision and mitigate human mortality rates.

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NeuroDigiScan, MRI, CNN, Brain, Tumor, Medical

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Abstract: Introduction: Gastrointestinal conditions will benefit from the use of this medication. Drug standardization and publication are seen as the keys to spreading authenticity in today's globalized society. AM was standardized using PLIM criteria, which were crucial to the process of Occidentalizing. Material and methods: AM was made in accordance with GMP regulations. Physico-chemical analysis, HPTLC, TLC investigation, and the finding of organoleptic qualities are all part of drug standardization. The investigation was conducted at Noble Research Solution's facility in accordance with PLIM criteria. Results: Research findings indicate there are nine peaks in the HPTLC screening graphic. Other characteristics include loss of drying (2.93 %), total ash value (1.16%), acid insoluble ash (0.0%), water soluble extraction (18.33 %), alcohol soluble extraction (8.8 %), and pH (7.10) which is neutral. Conclusion: Future clinical research and standardization would benefit from the published data.

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. Key word: Ajamothastaka maathirai (AM), Acid peptic disease (APD), Gastrointestinal, pharmacopeial laboratory for Indian medicine (PLIM), Nobel research institute, High Performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).

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People are most commonly affected by fungal skin infections, which need careful attention both during treatment and in order to preserve healthy skin. Certain herbal plants possess antifungal properties. The current study's goal is to create antifungal herbal bath soap by combining several herbal plants. The neem leaf, aloe vera, and tulshi were used in the formulation of the herbal soap, which is very beneficial and has no negative effects. Every plant ingredient is readily accessible in the market and its environs. Additional medical benefits of neem include its anti-inflammatory, anti-hypergyasemic, anti-ulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic qualities, all of which have been shown in studies involving its chemical ingredients. The aloe plant yields a material that is used in cosmetics and is used to cure psoriasis and burns on the skin. as well as acne. Tulshi provides several skin benefits, such as cleaning the skin with a beep. Acne treatment brightens skin tone. In addition to its health benefits, turmeric has antifungal qualities.

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Turmeric, Tulshi, Neem, Alovera, and antifungal soap.

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The methanol excerpt from the leaves of Heliotropium indicum was tested for anthelmintic, analgesic, and neuropharmacological activities.Anthelmintic activities was assessed using earthworms and Trichuris spp.Various crude excerpt from Heliotropium indicum(basic, neutral and acidic compounds) at 10 mg/ mL, 50 mg/ mL, 10 mg/ mL and 150 mg/ mL were used to estimate the anthelmintic effect on Trichuris spp.Phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and reducing sugar. The plant also showed moderate analgesic activity. Neuropharmacological tests on Swiss albino mice demonstrated the excerpt's efficacity. Overall, the study suggests that Heliotropium indicum leaves could be a cost-effective treatment for Trichurisspp. Heliotropium indicum, a extensively used medicinal plant in traditional practices, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties.This study aimed to research the antimicrobial activity of Heliotropium indicum excerpts against a range of bacterial and fungal strains. Aqueous and ethanolic excerpts of Heliotropium indicum leaves were prepared using standard extraction methods. The phytochemical composition of the excerpts was anatomized, and antimicrobial assays were conducted against selected bacterial strains (including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and fungal species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined.The study also included a comparative analysis of the antimicrobial efficacity of Heliotropium indicum excerpts with standard antimicrobial agents.

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Heliotropium indicum, phytochemicals, ethno medicine, alkaloids, medicinal weed

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Blood is distributed throughout the body by the cardiovascular system, which is made up of the vascular network of blood arteries and the heart, which acts as the "pump." Red blood cells carry oxygen molecules attached to hemoglobin, which are then carried throughout the body to support cellular metabolism. Any obstruction of the blood supply resulting from plaque accumulation in the endothelium layer would cause a stoppage in blood flow and consequently oxygen deprivation (ischemia). This is referred to as an infarct and would cause necrosis of the damaged vessel's distal region. This article explains the normal structure and physiology of the cardiovascular system, as well as several common illnesses related with it. It also includes a brief management guide for myocardial infarction, a frequent heart condition, Angina, Atherosclerosis, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF); etc. A thorough grasp of the cardiovascular system and the diseases that are linked to it will help the patient to deeply understand the disease and take precautions related it.

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Cardiovascular system, Blood, Disease, Angina, Myocardial infraction, CHF

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 Abstract

Bharat Ki Nirvachan Pranali Chunautiya evm Samadhan :

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Bharat Ki Nirvachan Pranali Chunautiya evm Samadhan :

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Even after the post-colonial and post-independence period, Christian mission has been accused and misunderstood as instigating western superior cultural ideology to the people of India and endangering the culture of the land. To a large extend, it can be assumed that the accusation is also factual as most of the Churches fail to resemble itself according to the culture of the Indian people. Christianity has been symbolozed as anti-national and anti-cultural by some Hindu Fundamentalist and these has brought detrimental effect producing hatred and violence towards Christianity in the country. The observation has brought interruption to the progress of Christian mission and the status of Christianity has been challenged to prove its validity to the masses of Indian people. This context finds it crucial to reconstruct Christian mission for successful venture. The process of reconstruction give attention towards the necessity of inculturating Christian Mission according to the Indian cultural norms; not just Indianizing or giving Indian names to western cultural practices. This process of inculturation, thus, would results in the restructuring or reinterpreting Christian practices corresponding to the Indian culture especially with regards to the understanding of conversion. Successful and authentic inculturation process would subside misunderstanding and bring acceptance towards Christian mission which will bring new vision to the Church and its mission work in India.

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Christian mission, Hindu fundamentalist, culture, reconstruction, inculturation, conversion.

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Railway track maintenance is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of railway transportation systems. One significant challenge in track maintenance is the timely detection of cracks, which can compromise the structural integrity of the tracks and pose safety risks to trains and passengers. To address this challenge, researchers and engineers have developed various railway track crack detection systems. This paper presents an overview of such systems, focusing on their principles of operation, detection techniques, and technological advancements. We discuss traditional methods such as visual inspection and manual testing, as well as modern automated systems utilizing technologies such as ultrasonic testing, electromagnetic induction, and infrared thermography. Additionally, we explore the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to enhance crack detection accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits and limitations of existing systems and discuss potential avenues for future research and development in this field. Overall, this paper provides insights into the state-of-the-art railway track crack detection systems, aiming to facilitate informed decision-making and advancements in railway infrastructure maintenance practices.

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Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor GSM and GPS, Ultrasonic Sensor IR sensor

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Tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh are rich in oral tradition; each has their own way of preserving their cultures and traditions; which is orally transmitted over generations. The Apatani tribe is one of the major tribal communities domiciled in the Lower Subansiri region and ginger plays a symbolic role in their traditional ritual observations and healing practices. Several ritual practices, oral narratives and taboos are also associated with Ginger. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand the socio-cultural significance of Ginger among the Apatani tribe, focusing on the Murung ritual. The primary data for this paper was collected through fieldwork in the natural socio-cultural context using anthropological research tools and methods.

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Murung, Ginger, Ritual Practices, Symbolism, tradition

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Tricycling strengthen the musculature of hips, knees and ankles, while also improving cardiopulmonary fitness in the children with severe physical disabilities. Phakka Ratha mentioned in the Kashyapa Samhitha Phakka Chikithsa Adhyaya can be correlated to tricycles. In Phakka Chikithsa Acharya clearly mentioned the implementation of Tricakra Ratha in conditions such as Pramlapanamadhakayam, Nishchesthaadhakayam, Pani Janugamam. Current researches supports the benefits of riding an adaptive tricycle for children with cerebral palsy, hypotonia,scoliosis. Bimanual tricycle training in these conditions improve the locomotion indurance, gross motor functions and muscular activities. Current studies based on the age group of 2-4 years with an intervention period of 8 weeks reveals ROM, GMFM -66 & Peabody score improved after the eight weeks. In the light of the evaluation of the studies conducted already; there is still scope for further more studies

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Phakka Ratha, Tricycle, cerebral palsy, scoliosis.

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Marfan syndrome is a spectrum of disorders caused by a heritable genetic defect of connective tissue that has an autosomal dominant trait. In this syndrome, defect is isolated to FBN1 gene. The main features of Marfan syndrome include disproportionate skeletal growth with dolichostenomelia, ectopia lentis, fusiform and dissecting aneurysms of the aorta. Craniofacially features include dolichocephaly, prominent supraorbital ridges, long face, downslanting palpebral fissures, hypoplastic malar eminence, high palatal vault, mandibular prognathism. This report describes a case of 26 year old male patient with typical orofacial findings in Marfan syndrome with extensive review of literature.

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Marfan syndrome, genetic defect, dolichostenomelia, mandibular prognathism

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