Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Abstract Secure routing is of utmost importance in protecting mobile devices from external threats. However, the dynamic characteristics of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) pose significant challenges in achieving a secure routing path. MANET is prone to attacks and hence security considerations are required to secure highly confidential data communicated through these network most of the time. Energy constraints and bandwidth limitation of this network make it more sensitive to routing attacks. Various routing protocols have been extended and some protocols with new features have been proposed to ensure the secure routing scheme. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network where mobile nodes can share information through wireless links without dedicated hardware that handles the network routing. MANETs' nodes create on-the-fly connections with each other to share information, and they frequently join and leave MANET during run time. The greatest imperative attacks in Manet are wormhole attack and jellyfish assault.

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Keywords--MANET, Secure Routing, Rushing Attacks, Blackhole Attacks, AntHocNet.

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The Ocean occupies 70% of the earth's surface and plays a crucial role in changing weather and climate. The reduction of the Ph in the ocean for a long period of time which is caused by excessive release of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. When carbon-dioxide is absorbed by the ocean water there takes place a series of chemical reactions resulting in the rapid increase of the hydrogen ions and reduction in the carbonate ions that makes the ocean water to be acidic. The carbonate ions are essential for seashells, oysters and corals to exist and ocean acidification may lead to some of their species to go extinct. Increasing acidity of the ocean leads to the increase in the ocean temperature. Ocean acidification also alters the pH of the blood in fish. The ability of some fish like clown fish to detect predators is decreased in more acidic water. The shell fish cannot build strong shells due to the decrease in carbonate. The acidification of the ocean is not uniform throughout the world infact it varies from polar regions to the temperate regions. Ocean acidification may be advantageous to some biological species like sea algae and sea weed as they may be benefitted from higher carbon-dioxide concentrations in the ocean as they may increase their photosynthesis and growth rate but too much carbon-dioxide may make the ocean water too acidic and cause harm to them .

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Ocean acidification, coral reefs, shellfish

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In Ayurveda, the concept of Dooshi Visha (latent poison) means the poison which is less potent or accumulated toxins in a concealed state. Such kind of poison doesn't vitiate the Dathus (body tissues) immediately, but later on does the action once the favourable conditions and environmental factors are present. So here the aggravating factors play vital role in the action of poison. Ayurveda is such a science which gives prime importance in 'Nidana Parivarjana' i.e., to abstain from the causative factors. By this article a small attempt is made to understand the aggravating factors for Dooshi Visha (latent poison) quoted in classics with its contemporary relevance and thereby its abstinence from our day to day life.

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Aggravating factors, Dooshi Visha, Nidana Parivarjana

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In this era of digitization, most hard copy documents are being transformed into digital formats. In the process of transformation, large quantities of documents are stored and preserved through electronic scanning. These documents are available from various sources, such as ancient documentation, old legal records, medical reports, music scores, palm leaves, and reports on security-related issues. In particular, ancient and historical documents are hard to read due to their degradation in terms of low contrast and the existence of corrupted artifacts [1]. In recent times, degraded document analysis has been studied widely, and several approaches have been developed to deal with issues and challenges in document analysis. In this project, a comprehensive review is conducted on the issues and challenges faced during the document analysis process, followed by insights on various methods used for document analysis. This project also discusses the advanced methods used for the enhancement of degraded documents that improve the quality of documents during the analysis process. Further discussions are made on the effectiveness and robustness of existing methods, and there is still scope to develop a hybrid approach that can deal with degraded document analysis more effectively [5].

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image quality, accuracy, OCR, historical document, image enhancement, stain, noise, motion picture, old medical reports, old legal records, missing character.

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Amirich plant tonic has a crucial role in the flowering process of Fenugreek plants that influence various physiological and biochemical pathways. This comprehensive analysis will explore the impact and applications of amirich plant tonic in flowering of Fenugreek plants, encompassing their roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In the present study, a laboratory experiment was conducted during September and October months. The use of Amirich plant tonic is increasing day by day among the farmers in agricultural practice. In this experiment, the effect of (Amirich plant tonic) on fenugreek plants was studied withrespect to different dosages. From the experimental results, one can conclude that, in all the treatments, the variation in growth parameters was recorded. In comparison with the control, the effective rate of growth parameters was observed in treatment II. In treatments I, III and in control, the flower formation was not observed. This suggests that, among all the treatments. Treatment II was found to be effective in all the growth parameters including the formation of flowers

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Amirich Plant Tonic, Fenugreek, Flowering, Growth Parameter, Soil.

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Career aspirations and career Decision-making; an important part of an individual's journey towards professional growth are influenced by various factors including expectations of society, educational background, cultural factors, personality traits, workplace environments and many more. This study aims to explore the causes contributing to divergent career paths chosen by individuals based on their gender. It seeks to provide nuanced insights into the challenges faced by individuals of different genders in pursuing their desired careers. Furthermore, the study aims to uncover the potential impact of stereotypes and biases on career decision making, shedding light on the ways in which gender norms may shape and constrain professional choices

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: Gender Disparities, Career Aspirations and Career Decision Making

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The Project of "Online Car Rental System" is developed with an aim that it gives the user an easy-to-understand insight to access the content of the website.

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Car, Rent, Payment.

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Abstract: Background: In the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare delivery, domiciliary emerged as a dynamic approach to community well-being at Medical College. From a research healthcare services have perspective, undertaking social responsibility and extension activities contributes to a deeper understanding of community dynamics and fosters meaningful connections between academia and society. This research embarks on a comprehensive investigation, seeking to evaluate the profound impact of domiciliary healthcare on individual families, community health, student learning, and the overall functioning of the Medical College Hospital. Initiated in the year 2000, this programme involves medical students adopting five families each, engaging in periodic Saturday visits to conduct surveys and deliver health education and health care. The families, recipients of tailored health education encompassing nutritional, environmental, residential, and personal hygiene practices, are empowered to protect themselves from both communicable and non-communicable diseases, emphasizing maternal and child healthcare family planning etc. Objectives Evaluate the impact of domiciliary healthcare on individual families, community health, student learning, and the overall functioning of the Medical College Hospital. 1. To measure the level of communication between medical students and adopted families by at end of one year of completing the domiciliary healthcare program. 2. To quantify the level of health education content among adopted families through post-program assessments conducted after the program's conclusion. 3. To ensure a sustained increase in the utilization of services at Motiwala National Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital by adopted families, as measured through monthly data reviews for six months post-program. 4. To measure a statistically significant shift in behavior towards health promotion and disease prevention, in healthy practices within adopted families, assessed post-program. 5. To demonstrate improvement in the nutritional status and residential environment of adopted families, as assessed through follow-up surveys conducted post-program. 6. To obtain a satisfaction rate among family members, as measured through post-program surveys assessing their subjective grading of the domiciliary healthcare system within one year of program completion. Method The research was designed as a Longitudinal Observational Study, spanning one year with regular interval follow-ups with health education for interventions. Data collection involved a longitudinal survey conducted throughout the study period. At the conclusion, comprehensive feedback was obtained from each adopted family. The researcher focused on assessing healthy modifications, utilizing structured questionnaires to gather feedback from the adopted families. The evaluation of this feedback played a pivotal role in determining the impact of the program. Result The qualitative analysis, drawing insights from a robust dataset of feedback, provided a nuanced understanding of the program's overall perception and its profound impact on the neighboring community. This encompassed both qualitative and quantitative feedback. As the study concluded, a thoughtfully introduced set of questions enabled a systematic quantitative analysis. The amalgamation of qualitative richness and precise quantitative data culminated in compelling research results, affirming the program's success in positively influencing the community. . .

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: Domiciliary Health care, System, Family adoption programme ,structured questioner, qualitative and quantitative and qualitative analysis

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 Abstract

Many people use backpack because more flexible and easier to carry. Backpack can carry a lot of things. But, nowadays, lots of crimes of stolen backpack especially in public transportations or public areas. People are getting worried of their backpack and wants to have smart backpack that can protect the things they are carried. The objective of this research is to design smart backpack which consist of ultrasonic sensor, LDR sensor, GPS, buzzer and telegram application. The result of testing shows that backpack sends notification to telegram application if someone is trying to open backpack and buzzer is ringing. The location of backpack is also sent to telegram application so the owner of backpack knows the exact location of his backpack.

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Smart Backpack, Ultrasonic Sensor, LDR Sensor, GPS, Telegram Application

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: Since social media platforms are still necessary for worldwide communication, strong security measures are now imperative. A three-step verification procedure is recommended by this study to increase the security of user accounts on social networking sites. The conventional username-password authentication mechanism may be vulnerable to a variety of cyber threats, of which phishing attempts and password leaks are just two examples. The initial stage establishes a foundational security layer using traditional username-password authentication. The second stage introduces MFA.the suggested three-step verification system reduces the danger of illegal access. Conventional username-password authentication is used in the first phase to create a basic security layer. In the second phase, MFA is introduced. It provides an extra layer of authentication to prevent hacked login credentials by sending OTPs to the user's registered.

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Mulitfactor Aurthentication (MFA),one-time passwords(OTP),Addharcard verification.

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The research in a quantitative manner is all-encompassing and based on its asset size concerning the sample of public and private sector banks over the last decade. Key parameters of credit risk management including credit risk exposure, provisioning policies, and techniques of mitigation are evaluated to determine the contribution towards technological efficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis is used to check on technical efficiency, giving a robust framework on how effectively banks convert their inputs into outputs in the atmosphere of controlling credit risk. Several indicators for measuring financial performance are used, such as return on assets, return on equity, and the ratio of non-performing assets. This analysis carries a target to reveal those relationships between practices in credit risk management, operational efficiency, and financial health. Results suggest that banks having stringent frameworks for credit risk management exhibit higher technical efficiency, which ultimately is transmitted to better financial performance. In other words, banks managing their credit portfolio in a proactive manner and applying advanced tools for risk assessment are in a better position to reduce NPAs and increase their profitability. Critical areas in which Indian banks need improvement in credit risk management practice for enhanced technical efficiency and financial resilience include the following: Hence, the findings of the report could serve as guidelines and strategic suggestions for the policy makers, regulators, and banking institutions on the way for improving the process of credit risk management and focusing on efficiency gains. In view of the importance of integrating credit risk management and focusing on efficiency gains, this study contributes to the steps being taken to strengthen the Indian banking sector for future financial challenges so that sustainable growth and stability remain the cornerstones of the economy

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CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT, TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

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Numerous different kinds of bacteria, fungi, and viruses reside in the human epidermis. It has been established that these bacteria vary between individuals and between different parts of the skin. Although the causes of the skin microbiome's particular heterogeneity are still not fully understood, the findings indicate that host genetic and environmental factors play a key part. Although the causes of the skin microbiome's particular heterogeneity are still not fully understood, the findings indicate that host genetic and environmental factors play a key part. Recent metagenomic studies that have uncovered a remarkable variety within these ecosystems have prompted a new understanding of commensal microbes as having a significantly broader function in immune control and epithelial health than previously understood.

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Skin Microbiome, Atopic dermatitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Immunity, Metagenomics, Antibiotic

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Cognitive Sensor Networks (CSNs) have emerged as a critical component in the development of smart environments, enabling more intelligent and adaptive systems. Integrating advanced machine learning (ML) techniques within CSNs can significantly enhance their capabilities, leading to higher accuracy in data analysis, improved energy efficiency, and greater adaptability. This paper explores various ML techniques, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning, and their application in CSNs. We propose a comprehensive system architecture that leverages these techniques for efficient data processing, adaptive decision-making, and resource management. Comparative numerical analysis demonstrates the proposed system's superior performance over traditional systems, highlighting improvements in detection accuracy, energy consumption, latency, and adaptability. The results indicate that ML-enhanced CSNs can provide more efficient and responsive smart environment applications. Future research directions are discussed to further refine these techniques and explore their application in diverse real-world scenarios.

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Cognitive Sensor Networks (CSNs), Machine Learning (ML), Smart Environments, Data Analysis, Energy Efficiency, Adaptive Systems

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In this regard, the Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Shopping Cart is proposed which consists of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensors, NodeMCU

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Iot based smart cart

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The Visual sorting application developed using Html, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap, React.js (Frontend), Node.js (Backend). A study that tested the benefits of animated sorting algorithms for teaching. To visualize four sorting algorithms, a web-based animation application was constructed and visualization of data is implemented as a bar graph, after which a data sorting and algorithm may be applied. Data Structures and Algorithm (DSA) Can play a crucial role in a visual sorting application. In this application used to visualize seven commonly sorting Algorithm: Bubble sort, Selection sort, Quick sort, Merge sort, Heap sort and Tim sort .

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- Sorting Algorithm Visualization, Sorting Algorithm Demos, Interactive Sorting Algorithms, Array Sorting Visualization

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Major cities have been growing very fast due to good facilities for health and education. These also provide plenty of employment opportunities. The growing population also increases solid waste, which is the main cause of health hazards and pollution. So it needs an environment-friendly solution for its disposal. Only 31% of the Indian population resides in urban areas, this population generates a gigantic 1,43,449 metric tonnes per day of municipal solid waste, as per the Central Pollution Control Board, 2014-15. To further add to the problem, the total number of towns in the country has also increased from 5,161 in 2001 to 7,936 in 2011, thus increasing the number of municipal waste generation by 2,775 within a decade (GOI-manual, 2016). The three landfills in the national capital, Delhi i.e. Ghazipur, Bhalswa and Okhla landfills are examples of mismanagement of solid waste management. It can be possible by involving people at large and giving them good opportunities to earn from this garbage. This paper throws light on this grave concern and searches for people's awareness on a large scale to stimulate their participation and form a habit of solving this problem from its source of origin.

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Solid Waste, Garbage, pollution, people, environment

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This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms utilized for the prediction of Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD). PCOD, a multifaceted endocrine disorder affecting women, poses diagnostic challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Imposing AI in healthcare, particularly for predictive modeling, has gained traction for its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. This study systematically evaluates and compares the performance of distinct AI algorithms employed in PCOD prediction using relevant datasets. The findings of this comparative analysis aim to guide practitioners and researchers in selecting the most suitable AI algorithms for effective PCOD prediction, thereby facilitating early diagnosis and personalized healthcare interventions.

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PCOD Prediction, Artificial Intelligence Algorithms, Machine Learning Techniques, Healthcare Applications

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 Abstract

Hindi kahaniyo me Gramin Jivan ka Chitran

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Hindi kahaniyo me Gramin Jivan ka Chitran

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The "Food for all" is an innovative full-stack development project with a noble mission: to bridge the gap between surplus restaurant food and the pressing needs of non- governmental organizations (NGOs) working to alleviate hunger.This project brings together the power of technology, the commitment of local restaurants, and the mission of NGOs to ensure that excess food is redirected to those in need, thereby reducing food wastage and addressing the critical issue of hunger. Food For All will be designed and developed to overcome the drawbacks of old manual system of sharing waste food. This system will digitalize the waste food donation. It will bring transparency between donors and receivers. It will save time & energy of everyone using this portal. For NGO's helping poor and needy, this system is easy to find food for donation. For companies also this system is easy to find waste food from donors.

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NGO,Donor,Customer,web application

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Social media influencers are winning over the internet with their outstanding presence and work. Their opinions have a powerful impact on people especially on young generation. There are several social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube where influencer marketing takes place which gains momentum among youth. This study aims to understand the awareness of influencer marketing among youth and also to understand the preference of social media platforms by youth for influencer marketing.

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Marketing tools, Influencer marketing, social media

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