Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The growing accumulation of waste rubber and the demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials have prompted significant interest in alternative concrete technologies. One such approach involves the partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber and cement with silica fume. This combination has demonstrated potential in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of concrete while mitigating environmental impact. This review systematically examines existing literature on the use of crumb rubber and silica fume in concrete, with emphasis on their influence on workability, compressive strength, performance, toughness, and long-term durability. Additionally, the effects of mix design variables, curing conditions, and replacement ratios are evaluated. While crumb rubber tends to decrease strength parameters, the inclusion of silica fume can effectively compensate for these losses and improve overall performance. The synergistic use of these materials presents a promising route toward more sustainable and high-performance concrete. This paper also identifies key research gaps and outlines future directions for optimizing these materials in both structural and non-structural applications.

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 Keywords

CRUMB RUBBBER, SILICA FUME, CONCRETE

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This research examines the creation and utilization of paver blocks derived from granules of waste rubber tires and ground materials from plastic bottles, with the goal of offering an environmentally friendly substitute for traditional paving materials. The main aim is to tackle the environmental issues caused by non-biodegradable waste by transforming these materials into robust construction products. This study highlights the increasing environmental concerns associated with waste disposal and the construction sector's significant need for sustainable materials, which have spurred investigations into alternative building resources. This research delves into the assessment of eco-friendly paver blocks produced from rubber granules (recycled from discarded tires) and post-consumer recycled plastic. The objective is to minimize waste while improving the physical characteristics of paver blocks. In this study, different ratios of rubber granules and recycled plastic are incorporated into standard cement-based mixtures to create the paver blocks. The performance of these modified blocks was thoroughly evaluated through a series of tests, including compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, and flexural tests. The findings indicated that the addition of rubber granules significantly enhanced the flexibility, shock absorption, and impact resistance of the pavers, while the recycled plastic contributed to greater durability and wear resistance. Although a minor decrease in compressive strength was noted with increased rubber content, the overall performance of the eco-friendly blocks was found to be comparable to or even superior to that of conventional pavers in several critical areas. The study verifies that utilizing rubber granules and recycled plastic not only mitigates environmental impact by recycling waste materials but also yields paver blocks with enhanced mechanical properties, establishing them as a feasible alternative for sustainable urban infrastructure. These results emphasize the opportunity for recycled materials to play a role in the advancement of green infrastructure and offer a budget-friendly substitute for traditional construction techniques.

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Paver Blocks, Waste Rubber Granules, Plastic Crushed, Sustainable Construction.

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Women's empowerment is a vital process that enhances the ability of women to make strategic life choices in a context where this ability was previously denied. This study explores the multifaceted nature of women's empowerment, including its social, economic, educational, legal, and political dimensions. It examines the theoretical and practical foundations of empowerment, highlights the crucial role of education, and identifies key barriers such as poverty, patriarchy, lack of access to resources, and gender-based violence. The research emphasizes the importance of both grassroots efforts--like Self-Help Groups (SHGs)--and institutional support in promoting women's rights and opportunities. Based on data from field studies, interviews, and literature review, the study concludes that successful empowerment requires a holistic, sustained, and inclusive approach that involves communities, governments, and women themselves. Empowering women is not only a matter of social justice but a strategic necessity for national development and societal progress.

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Gender, Equality, Education, Economic, Independence, Rights.

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The menstrual cycle is a vital physiological process regulated by complex hormonal interactions, notably the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, which governs reproductive health in individuals with female reproductive systems. Despite being a natural biological function, menstruation is still surrounded by social stigma, cultural taboos and a significant lack of awareness, especially among adolescent girls and women in developing countries. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) plays a critical role in ensuring health, education and dignity; however, challenges such as inadequate access to sanitary products, poor sanitation facilities and insufficient menstrual education persist. This research aims to assess the level of awareness regarding the menstrual cycle and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls and women. The objectives include identifying sources of information, understanding menstrual hygiene practices, and evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions. An observational and randomized survey involving 127 participants aged 10-55 years was conducted using structured questionnaires. Basic statistical tools such as mean, percentage and frequency distribution were employed for data analysis. The study underscores the urgent need for menstrual health education, improved access to hygiene products and supportive infrastructure in schools and communities. The findings aim to inform policy development and contribute to breaking the silence around menstruation, thereby empowering girls and women to manage their menstrual health with dignity and confidence.

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 Keywords

Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Hygiene, Adolescent Girls, Women's Health, Reproductive Health, Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM), Hygiene Practices, Awareness, Health Education, Cultural Taboos.

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ABSTRACT The formulation and evaluation of herbal digestive churna aim to create an effective herbal remedy for improving digestion and alleviating gastrointestinal disorders. Digestive churna, a traditional Aurvedic preparation, is composed of a combination of herbs and spices known for their carminative, digestive, and anti-inflammatoryproperties. The churna is designed to stimulate digestive enzymes, promote smoothbowel movement, and reduce symptoms of indigestion, bloating, and acidity. This study focuses on the formulation of digestive churna using natural ingredients such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and other medicinal plants. These ingredients are selected based on their long-standing use in traditional medicine for enhancing digestion and alleviating stomach discomfort. The churna is prepared by grinding the dried herbs into a fine powder, ensuring the proper proportions of each ingredient for maximum therapeutic benefit.

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Keywords:DigestiveChurna,HerbalFormulation,GastrointestinalHealth,AyurvedicMedicine, Therapeutic Evaluation

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This research paper investigates the influence of celebrity endorsements on consumer buying behaviour, focusing on various attributes such as celebrity credibility, attractiveness, and congruence with the product. The study utilizes secondary data from existing academic literature and market research reports to examine how these factors affect consumer trust, purchase intentions, and brand loyalty. The analysis reveals that while celebrity endorsements can enhance consumer engagement and brand recognition, their effectiveness depends on multiple factors, including the nature of the product, the fit between celebrity and brand, and the demographic profile of the target audience. The findings reveal that celebrity endorsements can positively influence consumer perceptions, leading to greater brand recall and heightened consumer trust. However, the effectiveness of celebrity endorsements varies across different consumer segments and product categories. This study highlights valuable insights for marketers on optimizing endorsement strategies and understanding the dynamics of consumer behaviour in the context of celebrity-driven advertising.

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Celebrity Endorsement, Consumer Buying Behaviour

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Arithmetic primitives play a critical role in performing computations on large numbers, particularly in arithmetic circuit implementations that involve operations like multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division. Given the significance of computations in central processing units (CPUs), optimizing the design of arithmetic circuits has been a key area of research for engineers. In the pursuit of developing energy- efficient, low-power portable processors for applications such as image processing, digital signal processing, and cryptography, it's essential to minimize factors like switching activity and cell count. This research focuses on the design of a reversible binary full adder circuit, a crucial component in evaluating the Energy Delay Product (EDP) for a variety of computing applications. The study introduces a novel reversible binary full adder based on the concepts of switching activity and logic decomposition. The fundamental building blocks for reversible full adders--such as Feynman Gates, Toffoli Gates and New Gates--are designed first. Then, leveraging these components, a new reversible binary full adder is developed using the proposed method. The results show that the proposed reversible full adder outperforms existing designs in terms of dynamic power dissipation. Additionally, a formula-based evaluation is conducted on the implementation results to estimate the EDP, which reveals a 32.3% improvement in EDP compared to the previously proposed full adder design.

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Arithmetic Primitives, Reversible Digital Full Adder, Energy Delay Product (EDP), Low-Power Circuit Design, Switching Activity Factor, Reversible Logic Gates

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Acacia catechu (wild) is a historically significant plant with notable medicinal properties, 7 widely used in Herbal remedies, especially in Asia. Modern technology has enabled a deeper understanding of the pharmacological effects of such traditional plants, sparking interest in their potential. Acacia catechu 4 utilized for treating infections, inflammation, pain, skin diseases, and wounds. Recent studies have identified several phyonutrients in the plant that exhibit antimutagenic activities, particularly in cancer cells. These findings highlight its potential therapeutic value. This paper reviews the existing research on Acacia catechu, emphasizing the areas that remain unexplored and warrant further investigation.

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acacia catechu wild, catechin, natural antioxidant; antimicrobial, Unani medicine, Non healing ulcers.

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The world of education is with the focus of skills for employability. NEP 2020 with its emphasis on outcome-based education keeps skills as priority at all levels of education. National association of colleges and employers proposed eight employability skills that are internationally relevant. This study is with the objective to analyse the skills of the PG students in response to the intercultural fluency in education in the context of Internationalisation of education. The descriptive research uses both the primary and secondary sources. The expected outcome of the research is to assess as well as to guide the students with strategies for developing relevant skills.

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Employability, intercultural, internationalization, NEP 2020.

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The present study examines the impact of organizational climate on organization performance, focusing on leading IT firms in India i.e., Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Wipro, HCL, and Tech Mahindra. The research explores key organizational climate factors including work environment, job satisfaction, communication, employee commitment, training, decision-making, and work-life balance and their influence on overall productivity and employee engagement. The findings aim to provide insights into best practices for fostering a conducive organizational climate that enhances efficiency and competitiveness.

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Organizational Climate, Organizational Performance, Work Environment, Employee relationship, communication, etc.

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As the automotive industry shifts its focus toward software-defined vehicles, the need for faster and reliable software development continues to grow. However, traditional methods show their limitations. The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), introduces new opportunities to automate automotive software development tasks such as requirement analysis and code generation. However, due to the complexity of automotive systems, where software components must interact with each other seamlessly, challenges remain in software integration and system-level validation. In this paper, we propose to combine GenAI with model-driven engineering to automate automotive software development. Our approach uses LLMs to convert free-text requirements into event chain descriptions and to generate platform-independent software components that realize the required functionality. At the same time, formal models are created based on event chain descriptions to support system validation and the generation of integration code for integrating generated software components in the whole vehicle system through middleware. This approach increases development automation while enabling formal analysis to improve system reliability. As a proof of concept, we used GPT-4o to implement our method and tested it in the CARLA simulation environment with ROS2 middleware. We evaluated the system in a simple Autonomous Emergency Braking scenario.

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LLM- Large Language Models, Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF), Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB).

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T h e a p p r o a c h o f p r e d i c t i v e m a i n t e n a n c e , a l s o k n o w n a s P d M , r e p r e s e n t s a n e f f i c i e n t m e t h o d o l o g y f o r m a n a g i n g a s s e t m a i n t e n a n c e p r o g r a m s . P r e d i c t i o n s r e g a r d i n g e q u i p m e n t b r e a k d o w n s c a n b e d e r i v e d t h r o u g h d a t a - c e n t r i c a n a l y t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s t o o p t i m i z e m a i n t e n a n c e o p e r a t i o n s . I n s u c h s c e n a r i o s , v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n i s u t i l i z e d t o a n t i c i p a t e a n d p r e v e n t p o t e n t i a l i s s u e . The goal is to identify specific patterns and correlations that will aid in failure prediction and, eventually, prevention. In the the manufacturing sector, equipment is frequently used without a specified maintenance schedule. Due to unforeseen failures, this practice usually causes unplanned downtime. To prevent unplanned equipment stoppages, scheduled maintenance involves checking the manufacturing equipment's condition at predetermined intervals and replacing any defective parts.Conversely, this results in more extended periods that the equipment is not operating and higher maintenance costs. Predictive maintenance (PdM) techniques are becoming more and more important as a result of Industry 4.0 and smart systems, which can save downtime costs and boost industrial equipment availability (utilization rate). By making the most of component usable lives, through PdM organization have the opportunity to implement ecofriendly production methods. This paper use Index Terms: Random Forest Regression, LSTM, Industry 4.O, Predictive Maintenance (PdM)

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AIML

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The study explores the level of social awareness among slum dwellers about education and health in the greater Guwahati area of Kamrup district, Assam. Social awareness refers to an individual's consciousness about societal issues, including legal rights, health, hygiene, and education. The study emphasizes that a significant section of the slum population lacks basic awareness regarding free and compulsory education, health practices, and hygiene, resulting in persistent health problems and educational neglect. A sample of 100 respondents, including 60 males and 40 females, was selected through random sampling to assess their awareness levels. The findings aim to highlight the urgent need for educational interventions and health awareness programs to improve the quality of life in slum communities.

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Social Awareness, Slum Dwellers, Education, Health, Hygiene

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Geopolymer concrete, known for its sustainable properties and high strength, has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. However, the prediction of cracks and the recognition of their patterns in geopolymer concrete beams remain critical challenges that impact structural integrity and durability. This review paper explores various machine learning techniques employed in the analysis of crack formation and pattern recognition in geopolymer concrete. We systematically evaluate the effectiveness of different algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning methods, and their applications in crack detection and classification. Additionally, we highlight the integration of image processing techniques and sensor data in enhancing predictive accuracy. The findings indicate that machine learning models significantly improve the understanding of crack behavior in geopolymer concrete, facilitating proactive maintenance strategies. This paper concludes with recommendations for future research directions, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive datasets and the exploration of hybrid machine learning models to advance the field.

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Geopolymer concrete, crack prediction, pattern recognition, machine learning, structural integrity, image processing, predictive maintenance, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, sensor data, hybrid models.

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Women cannot be differentiated based on their roles; they are creators. Unfortunately, these creators often do not receive the recognition they deserve. When we talk about their roles, we must acknowledge that throughout life, progress is possible primarily because of women. Women can also be categorized based on the localities in which they live. For instance, women in rural areas are often seen solely as housewives, with their roles confined to nurturing families. This perspective reduces their potential for becoming independent, self-sufficient decision-makers. While they create the future by raising the next generation, they are not recognized as masters of their own destinies. Women have both social and economic roles that are essential for community development. They play a crucial part in rural industrialization by contributing their time, effort, and knowledge. Notably, women possess strong financial management skills; they know how to save, where to spend, and how much to allocate for each need. With women's support, men can make informed decisions at the right time and take calculated risks. Additionally, women often innovate by starting businesses that cater to local needs, such as handicrafts, organic farming, and food processing. This entrepreneurial spirit fosters economic growth and improves their communities. This research paper discusses the significant contributions of women to rural industrialization and emphasizes their essential role in creating sustainable development.

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Keywords: Rural Industrialization, Economic Empowerment, Community Development, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development,

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The last few years have witnessed a rapid increase in the popularity of herbal and natural cures, thus leading to growing interest in plant-based models for dermatological applications. This present investigation deals with the formulation and evaluation of a herbal topical gel containing extracts of the well-known plants Calendula officinalis and Aloe vera gel with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. Thus, the prime objective was directed at developing stable and effective herbal gels for topical application to promote skin healing and enhance dermal health. The Aqueous extraction method was used to prepare the Calendula officinalis plant extract where else Aloe vera gel was freshly prepared using mature leaves. Using Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent and combining it with glycerin as a humectant, different formulations of gel types were done. The formulations prepared were then subjected to a physicochemical parameter evaluation regarding pH, spreadability, viscosity, homogeneity, extrudability, and skin irritation. Of all formulations tested, the optimized gel has shown interesting pH, close to skin pH, good spreadability, and high extrudability without visible signs of phase separation or microbial growth. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial activity was carried out using the well diffusion method against common skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with zones of inhibition observed to be promising. No irritation or adverse reactions were reported.

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Calendula Officinalis, Aloe vera, Topical Formulation, Wound Healing, Anti-inflammatory activity, Aqueous extraction,

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This study investigates the crucial relationship between brand awareness and its subsequent impact on sales performance. The research explores how varying levels of brand recognition familiarity and recall influence consumer purchasing decisions. A quantitative approach was employed utilizing surveys and sales data analysis to assess the correlation between brand awareness metrics and actual sales figures. The investigation focuses on examining consumer perceptions and brand associations. The research seeks to determine the extent to which increased brand awareness translates into tangible sales growth. Furthermore the study analyzes the effectiveness of different marketing strategies in building and sustaining brand awareness. The impact of digital marketing social media presence and traditional advertising methods are considered. The analysis identifies key drivers of brand awareness and their relative contribution to sales uplift. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between heightened brand awareness and increased sales revenue. The results demonstrate that brands with greater visibility and positive consumer perception tend to achieve higher sales volumes. The research suggests that strategic investments in brand building activities are essential for achieving sustainable business growth. The study contributes to the understanding of brand equity and its financial implications. The research offers practical insights for marketers seeking to optimize their brand strategies and improve sales performance. The implications of the research extend to businesses of all sizes seeking to leverage brand awareness for competitive advantage. The study acknowledges limitations such as the specific industry focus and the reliance on survey data. Future research directions include exploring the long-term effects of brand awareness campaigns and the influence of brand reputation on consumer loyalty.

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Brand awareness, Sales performance, Brand reputation, competitive advantage

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Water is requisite for chow of life. It is a bounded resource. Human utilize both forms of water, Surface water and Groundwater. But groundwater resources are foremost for drinking water needs and agriculture in Bihar. The state government has carried out a multipurpose scheme JAL-JEEVAN-HARIYALI MISSION (JJHM) to nurture groundwater conservation in all districts of Bihar. This program has inspired schools to harvest rainwater within their outskirts in Kaimur district. Not only the new creation of water bodies but also the identification and rejuvenation of conventional water bodies; Wells, Ponds, Tanks and Ahar Pyne is going on and some water bodies have been completed in the study area. This mission has not been completed yet so work is going on. This approach will enhance the potential for groundwater recharge. This study is based on secondary data. These are sources; National Compilation on Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, 2022 and JJHM Annual Report FY 2022-23. This scheme plays a remarkable role in assuring sustainable water management in Kaimur. by elevating rainwater harvesting and reviving conventional water sources, the Bihar government is working to conserve invaluable groundwater resources for future generations.

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Groundwater Conservation, Groundwater Extraction, Groundwater Resource, JAL-JEEVAN-HARIYALI MISSION(JJHM), Rainwater Harvesting

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Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the field of medicine, offering innovative solutions for drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatment. By leveraging nanoscale materials and structures, researchers are developing highly targeted and efficient therapies that minimize side effects and enhance patient outcomes. Nanoparticles are being used to deliver drugs directly to diseased cells, improving the precision of treatments for conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. In diagnostics, nanotechnology enables early detection of diseases through advanced imaging techniques and biosensors with unparalleled sensitivity. This seminar explores the applications of nanotechnology in medicine, focusing on its role in personalized medicine, nanotheranostics (a combination of therapy and diagnostics), and the development of biocompatible nanomaterials. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of clinical translation, including regulatory hurdles, safety concerns, and scalability. By understanding these advancements, healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers can harness nanotechnology to shape the future of medicine and improve global health outcomes.

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Nanomedicine, Targeted Drug Delivery, Diagnostic Nanoparticles, Biosensors, Personalized Medicine, Biomedical Nanotechnology ________________________

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 Abstract

Uttarkhand ke sanskrutik lokachar ki prushbhumi me Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal "nishank" ke gadhya sahitya mein mahilao ka pratinidhitva, netrutva evam sangharsh

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Uttarkhand ke sanskrutik lokachar ki prushbhumi me Dr. Ramesh Pokhriyal "nishank" ke gadhya sahitya mein mahilao ka pratinidhitva, netrutva evam sangharsh

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