Volume 14 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The Baya Weaver (Baya Weaver) is primarily granivorous, feeding on a wide variety of seeds, including rice (Oryza sativa), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and various wild grass seeds, with rice constituting a major proportion of its diet. In the present study, five representative sites were selected across the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, India, to investigate the feeding ecology of the species. Field observations revealed that the feeding behaviour and dietary composition of the Baya Weaver vary significantly with seasonality, habitat type, and food resource availability. The species exploits diverse habitats such as agricultural fields, grasslands, wetlands, and scrublands, adjusting its diet according to local environmental conditions. These spatial and temporal variations in food preference are not random but represent adaptive foraging strategies that maximize energy intake while responding to fluctuations in seed abundance, crop phenology, and habitat productivity. Such dietary flexibility contributes to the ecological success of the Baya Weaver in the semi-arid landscapes of the Shekhawati region.

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Baya Weaver, Ploceus philippinus, Feeding Ecology, Granivory, Seed Preference, Seasonal Variation

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Efficient vegetables sorting from aerial images is essential for precision digital farming. Effectively keeping track of. vegetable plants, estimating how much they will produce, and deciding how to use resources carefully. This research work presents an integrated deep learning and machine learning technique for classification of aerial vegetable crops where deep features were extracted from the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) followed by their classification through traditional classification algorithms. Three pretrained CNN models, VGG16, EfficientNetB7, and InceptionV3, have been used to obtain the deep features of the crops. The features obtained through the pretrained CNNs were then classified using SVM, RF, and XGBoost algorithms. Precision, recall, F1-score, and classification accuracy were used as evaluation metrics to assess the proposed models' performance. Experimental results showed that the combination of EfficientNetB7-SVM and VGG16-XGBoost gave the maximum classification accuracy of 95%.

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Aerial crop classification, deep learning, transfer learning, CNN, VGG16, EfficientNetB7, InceptionV3, SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost, precision agriculture

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Samajik Suraksha Pension Yojnaye : Saidhink Paripeshya ev Sambhandit Sahitya Ka Samajshastria Vishleshan

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Samajik Suraksha Pension Yojnaye : Saidhink Paripeshya ev Sambhandit Sahitya Ka Samajshastria Vishleshan

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This study investigates the influence of online reviews and ratings on consumer purchasing decisions in digital marketplaces. With the growing importance of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), consumers increasingly rely on user-generated feedback as a form of social proof to reduce uncertainty and evaluate product reliability. The study adopts a quantitative descriptive research design and collects primary data through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 56 regular online shoppers. The research focuses on two key independent variables: textual reviews, which provide detailed information about product quality and user experience, and star ratings, which offer a quick numerical evaluation of products. The findings indicate that a majority of consumers refer to online reviews before making a purchase and often consider them more reliable than traditional advertising. Positive reviews tend to enhance purchase intention, while negative reviews have a stronger impact in discouraging potential buyers. Furthermore, detailed and logical reviews are found to be more influential in the decision-making process compared to simple star ratings.

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Online Reviews, Consumer Behavior, E-Commerce, Purchase Decision, Ratings

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 Abstract

संगीत में संगत शब्द से तात्पर्य है गायक,वादक,नृत्यक,लय,ताल,एवं संगीत की प्रकृति के अनुसार वादन करना। प्राचीन काल में सर्वप्रथम हस्त-स्वर से उसके बाद घन-वाद्य से और फिर अवनद्य-वाद्य से लय ताल देने की परंपरा विकसित हुई। विशेषकर शास्त्रीय संगीत की दृष्टि से अति प्राचीन काल में दुंदुभि,प्राचीन काल में त्रिपुष्कर, मध्यकाल में मृदंग अर्थात पखावज और वर्तमान काल में तबले को सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण स्थान प्राप्त हुआ है। प्राचीन काल से लेकर वर्तमान काल तक भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत में लय चक्र और ताल चक्र को बनाये रखने के लिए तबला एक प्रमुख संगत ताल -वाद्य है। संगीत की मुख्य तीनो विधाओं (गायन,वादन,नृत्य) में संगत वाद्य के रूप में तबले का विशेष स्थान एवं महत्व है, जो अन्य किसी वाद्य को प्राप्त नहीं है। संगीत में तबला वादन की दो धाराए प्रचार में है एक स्वतंत्र वादन और दूसरी संगत ,पिछले कुछ वर्षो में स्वतंत्र वादन में भी तबला अत्यधिक लोकप्रिय हो गया है,लेकिन मुख्यतः संगीत में इसका प्रयोग संगत वाद्य के रूप में होता रहा है और आगे भी होता रहेगा। इस शोध पत्र के अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य संगत वाद्य के रूप में तबले के महत्व को प्रकाश में लाना है। हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत में तबले को एक प्रमुख संगत वाद्य माना जाता है उत्तर भारतीय संगीत को नयी क्षेतीज उचाईयो को पार करने तथा देश -विदेश में लोकप्रिय एवं आनंदमयी प्रस्तुति को सफल बनाने में तबला संगत को महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। गायक,वादक या नृत्यक को प्रस्तुति को सफल बनाने में तबला संगत की मुख्य भूमिका है।

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तबला, संगत,संगीत, वाद्य ।

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pre-eclampsia; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; oxidative stress; antioxidant status; nitric oxide; biomarkers

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1. Rapid urbanization and industrial development have led to increased environmental pollution, resulting in the accumulation of dust, organic contaminants, and harmful gaseous pollutants on concrete surfaces. These contaminants adversely affect the aesthetic appearance, durability, and maintenance requirements of civil infrastructure. To address these challenges, the development of sustainable and multifunctional construction materials has gained significant attention. This study investigates the influence of SRL grade Titanium Dioxide (TiO?) on the photocatalytic, self-cleaning, and mechanical properties of cement mortar. 2. In the present experimental investigation, cement mortar specimens were prepared by partially replacing cement with varying percentages of SRL grade TiO? while maintaining a constant cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3. The specimens were cast in standard cube moulds and cured for periods of 7 and 28 days. The performance of TiO?-modified mortar was evaluated through compressive strength testing, photocatalytic dye degradation assessment, and self-cleaning surface observations. 3. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of Titanium Dioxide significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity and self-cleaning performance of cement mortar surfaces. Furthermore, an optimum dosage of TiO? contributed to a marginal improvement in compressive strength due to its micro-filler effect and its ability to promote cement hydration. However, higher TiO? contents resulted in reduced performance, primarily due to particle agglomeration and non-uniform dispersion within the mortar matrix. 4. The findings demonstrate that TiO?-modified cement mortar possesses excellent potential as an environmentally sustainable and multifunctional construction material. Its application can contribute to the development of self-cleaning building facades, air-purifying pavements, and durable infrastructure systems, thereby supporting sustainable urban development and environmental protection.

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Titanium Dioxide (TiO?), Cement Mortar, Photocatalysis, Self-Cleaning Concrete, Compressive Strength, Sustainable Construction Materials, Environmental Pollution Control, SRL Grade TiO?.

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The advent of digital banking has acted as a significant catalyst for financial inclusion, and has dramatically changed how individuals manage their finances. The increase in utilization of digital banking facilities such as UPI, Mobile Banking, Internet Banking, and Digital Wallets is also influencing young people's investment behaviours. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the effect of digital banking on investor behaviour of youth in Ranchi City, Jharkhand.

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Digital Banking, Investor Behaviour, Youth, Ranchi, Financial Inclusion, UPI, Fintech.

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Abstract: Aim: The aim of this article is to provide an explanation of the importance of oral hygiene for patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and the different mouthrinses available for maintaining oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: To gather information, an extensive search was performed utilizing electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and several other orthodontic journals. The search focused on articles published with the studies that examined the significance of oral health in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and the effectiveness of various mouth rinses in sustaining oral health in fixed orthodontic patients, and other malocclusions were included for review. In conclusion, prioritizing oral health during orthodontic treatment is crucial, and while chlorhexidine remains a reliable option, herbal mouthwashes present a promising alternative with fewer potential side effects. By combining mechanical and chemical methods, orthodontic patients can achieve the best possible results for their oral health.

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Mouthwash, Fixed Orthodontic Treatment, Oral Hygiene, Chlorhexidine

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Title of the Abstract- Ayurvedic management of Ischemic optic neuropathy W.S.R Abhighataja Linganash- A case report Background- Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is sight threatning condition resulting from inadequate blood supply to the optic nerve. In Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated to Abhighataja Linganash, caused by vitiation of vata and pitta dosha due to head trauma. The present case highlights the successful Ayurvedic management of ION through Jalaukavacharan, internal ayurvedic medications and Padaabhyanga. Objectives- To evaluate the effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in case of post traumatic ION (Abhighataja Linganash). Methods- A 23 year old female presented with complaints of headache, ocular pain in left eye, diminished vision of left eye and colour confusion following head trauma. Based on clinical presentation, the case was diagnosed as ION (Abhighataj Linganash). Management included local therapy, Jalaukavacharan for dushta pitta shaman and pain relief as mentioned in Sushruta Samhita uttartantra and padabhyanga to improve drushti to promote vata anulomana. Internal medications including ayurvedic formulation for vata pitta shaman and rakta prasadana. Treatment was administered for 30 days with regular follow-up. Results- The patient showed significant improvement in visual acuity and complete relief in ocular pain, headache and colour confusion. No recurrence of symptoms was observed during follow up. Conclusion- The combination of Jalaukavachrana , internal ayurvedic medications and padabhyanga proved effective in restoring visual function and alleviating associated symptoms in case of ION (Abhighataja Linganash)

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Optic Neuritis, Parimlayi Timira, Jalaukavacharana, Shirashoola, Manyashoola

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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a major public health challenge due to its high incidence, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in most countries and continues to contribute substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality despite advances in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. The global burden is expected to increase further, with projections indicating that annual breast cancer cases may exceed 3.5 million and deaths may surpass 1.1 million by 2050, largely due to population growth, ageing, and changing lifestyle patterns. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge on Breast Self Examination among selected women in Aizawl, Mizoram with a view to develop a Planned Teaching Programme.

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Assessment, knowledge, Breast Self Examination, women , Planned Teaching Programme.

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Minimizing power consumption is a primary concern in modern VLSI design. This research presents a Low-Power Tunable ALU Architecture that integrates clock gating, Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO) shift registers, and Booth's algorithm. By employing an opcode-driven 4:16 decoder, specific operations are activated while inactive blocks remain idle, significantly reducing dynamic switching power. The design evaluates four distinct clock gating techniques implemented on a Virtex-6 FPGA using 40nm CMOS technology. Experimental results demonstrate substantial power savings and thermal stability without compromising computational performance.

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Tunable ALU: Reconfigurable arithmetic logic units with operation-specific activation. Dynamic Power: Power consumed during signal transitions and switching activity. Clock Gating: A technique to disable the clock network in inactive circuit blocks. Booth's Algorithm: An encoding method to minimize redundant additions in multiplication. PIPO (Parallel-In Parallel-Out): Shift registers used for efficient data handling and speed. RTL Design: Register-Transfer Level abstraction for digital l

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Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications demand high-speed and energy-efficient arithmetic units, particularly for multiplication-intensive operations such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Conventional multiplier architectures often suffer from increased delay, power consumption, and hardware complexity. This work presents an optimized design of a floating-point fused dot product (FDP) unit using a Vedic multiplier integrated with Adaptive Hold Logic (AHL) and Razor flip-flops. The proposed architecture is implemented on an FPGA platform and evaluated in terms of delay, power, and area. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in latency and hardware utilization compared to conventional designs, making the proposed system suitable for modern high-performance DSP applications.

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VHDL ,AHL,FDP ,FPGA ,Razor flip-flops

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Anukta Vyadhi refers to disease conditions that are not explicitly described with a specific name, symptom, or treatment protocol in the classical Ayurvedic Samhitas. The term "Anukta" means unsaid, unuttered, or undocumented, while "Vyadhi" means disease. These conditions are encountered in clinical practice despite lacking direct textual references. Modern lifestyle disorders, environmental diseases, and conditions not prevalent during ancient times may be understood under the concept of Anukta Vyadhi. Examples include hypothyroidism, hypertension, cancers, and nutritional deficiencies. Ayurveda provides fundamental principles for understanding, diagnosing, and treating such diseases through the assessment of Dosha, Dushya, Agni, Srotas, Adhishthana, and Samprapti. Thus, knowledge of Anukta Vyadhi is essential for the application of Ayurvedic principles in contemporary clinical practice.

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Na hi Sarvavikaranam Namato'sti Dhruva Sthitih WSR to Anukta Vyadhi (The Unsaid Diseases)

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This paper evaluates the feasibility of a curated, try-at-home fashion service within the Indian e-commerce market, analyzed through the lenses of entrepreneurship and innovation theory. The business model addresses a pervasive industry pain point (25% to 40% of online apparel purchases are returned due to fit and tactile uncertainty) by delivering five stylist-selected outfits to consumers, who pay only for what they keep. Utilizing a qualitative research design built on secondary data (including peer-reviewed literature, corporate filings, industry reports, and market press), the study evaluates the venture against frameworks of opportunity recognition, business model innovation, and lean experimentation. The analysis yields three primary insights: the Indian fashion market is large and expanding rapidly; the core consumer problem remains acutely underserved; and the global competitive landscape is shifting following the retrenchment of major players, highlighted by the closure of Amazon's "Try Before You Buy" service in January 2025 and the contraction of Stitch Fix. Furthermore, an indicative unit-economic model demonstrates that positive order-level contribution margins are achievable, provided that keep-rates and reverse-logistics costs are tightly controlled. The paper concludes that while the venture is strategically viable, its operational feasibility is strictly conditional upon mitigating keep-rate volatility, reverse-logistics expenses, and cash-on-delivery (COD) risks. Finally, a primary research framework is proposed to empirically validate consumer willingness-to-try and keep-rate assumptions prior to market entry.

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E-commerce, Business Model Innovation, Lean Experimentation, Reverse Logistics, Indian Market, Try-at-Home Fashion.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Conventional management relies entirely on exogenous insulin, with no established cure. Ayurveda classifies this condition under Sahaja Prameha or Madhumeha, offering a distinct pathophysiological framework and therapeutic approach.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Madhumeha, Sahaja Prameha, Madhunashini Vati, Giloy, Panchakarma, C-peptide, HbA1c, Pediatric diabetes, Immunomodulation.

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We are living in a transitory era where we are witnessing the transition from keypad phones to technology boom and artificial intelligence revolution. Artificial intelligence has deeply embedded in contemporary social, educational and professional environments. This rapid integration of artificial intelligence has definitely helped to increase the work productivity at all levels but over dependence on it is also raising concerns about the gradual erosion of cognitive abilities of human beings. We have seen a global prevalence of digital addiction. As per the statistics, around 27% of world's population is suffering from smartphone addiction. This has significantly been increased after Covid-19 era. Usage of smartphone is anyway associated with psychological symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia or what not. Along with this addiction we are heavily relying on artificial intelligence not for entertainment only but for every task i.e. from getting factual information to getting creative ideas; which is definitely leading to cognitive offloading but we need to be aware that this cognitive offloading doesn't turn our cognitive abilities to diminishing side. Given the addiction statistics, we are just a step away from entering the era of cognitive gyms. This paper introduces the concept of "Cognitive Gyms", which are structured environments designed to actively engage and strengthen mental faculties through exercises that promote reasoning, memory, creativity, and focus. This paper argues that Cognitive Gyms can function as individual as well as institutional interventions that encourage deliberate cognitive practice, independent reasoning, critical thinking and balanced AI use. Interventions like cognitive gyms are becoming the need of the hour because this is a pre-emptive solution where we all will be able to use artificial intelligence for our benefits along with preserving our essential human intellectual capabilities.

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Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Gyms, Cognitive offloading, Automation Bias

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This paper investigates the romantic sensibilities of Sylvia Plath through a thematic analysis of her journal. While Plath is popularly associated with the Confessional movement of the 20th century, her journal entries reveal an intentional, sophisticated engagement with the 19th century Romantic tradition. This paper argues that her journal entries embody the core tenets of romanticism as expressed in the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Keats, specifically the preeminence of subjective experience, the transcendental elevation of nature, and the transmutation of the mundane into sublime. She believed in the transformative power of Romantic vitalism- the vibrancy and spirit of transcendental living. This paper also investigates the strategic use of pathetic fallacy, where she constantly tries to project her inner sanctum onto the physical world around her including the natural landscape. The physical world becomes a mirror of her psyche. Plath metaphorically transfigures the mundane and systematically elevates it to the level of the sublime. This paper concludes that Plath's journal entries are not merely prosaic records of her life, rather they serve as a rigorous literary testament to her romantic sensibilities.

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Sylvia Plath, Romanticism, Thematic Analysis, Sublime, Pathetic fallacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन बठिंडा जिले के विभिन्न सरकारी विद्यालयों एवं महाविद्यालयों में संगीत शिक्षा की वर्तमान स्थिति, विकास, चुनौतियों तथा संभावनाओं का शोधपरक विश्लेषण करता है। बठिंडा एक ऐतिहासिक एवं सांस्कृतिक रूप से समृद्ध जिला है, जहाँ शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में स्वतंत्रता के पश्चात उल्लेखनीय प्रगति हुई है। वर्तमान में यह क्षेत्र शिक्षा, संस्कृति एवं कला का महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र बन चुका है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि जिले के विभिन्न विद्यालयों एवं महाविद्यालयों में संगीत शिक्षा का निरंतर विस्तार हो रहा है। अधिकांश संस्थानों में संगीत विषय कक्षा 6 से स्नातक स्तर तक पढ़ाया जा रहा है तथा विद्यार्थियों की संख्या निरंतर बढ़ रही है। संगीत शिक्षण में योग्य अध्यापक, व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण, वाद्य यंत्रों की उपलब्धता तथा ऑडियो-वीडियो सुविधाएँ महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रही हैं।सरकारी राजिंदरा कॉलेज, आदर्श विद्यालय, स्मार्ट स्कूल एवं अन्य संस्थानों में संगीत शिक्षा की स्थिति सामान्यतः संतोषजनक पाई गई है, जहाँ विद्यार्थियों को सैद्धांतिक एवं व्यावहारिक दोनों प्रकार का प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त हो रहा है। वहीं केंद्रीय विश्वविद्यालय घुद्दा जैसे उच्च शिक्षण संस्थानों में संगीत में एम.ए. स्तर पर शोध एवं प्रदर्शन आधारित शिक्षा प्रदान की जा रही है, जहाँ विशेषज्ञ फैकल्टी और अकादमिक गतिविधियों के माध्यम से गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्रशिक्षण दिया जा रहा है।अध्ययन में यह भी पाया गया कि विद्यार्थियों की मंचीय गतिविधियों, प्रतियोगिताओं एवं सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों में भागीदारी बढ़ रही है तथा वे राष्ट्रीय स्तर तक उपलब्धियाँ प्राप्त कर रहे हैं।हालाँकि, कुछ प्रमुख चुनौतियाँ भी सामने आई हैं, जैसे—वित्तीय संसाधनों की कमी, वाद्य यंत्रों एवं तकनीकी उपकरणों का अभाव, अभ्यास के लिए सीमित समय एवं स्थान, तथा कुछ संस्थानों में संगीत को कैरियर के रूप में कम अपनाया जाना।अध्ययन के आधार पर सुझाव दिया गया है कि संगीत शिक्षा के लिए अतिरिक्त वित्तीय सहायता, आधुनिक तकनीकी संसाधनों का विस्तार, अधिक वाद्य यंत्रों की उपलब्धता, नियमित वर्कशॉप एवं प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम तथा मंचीय अवसरों में वृद्धि आवश्यक है। अंततः निष्कर्ष यह निकलता है कि बठिंडा जिले में संगीत शिक्षा का समग्र स्तर प्रगतिशील एवं संतोषजनक है, परंतु यदि आधुनिक संसाधनों एवं नीतिगत सुधारों को लागू किया जाए तो यह क्षेत्र भविष्य में संगीत शिक्षा का एक सशक्त एवं आदर्श केंद्र बन सकता है।

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

संगीत शिक्षा, बठिंडा जिला, शैक्षणिक संस्थान, भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत, संगीत प्रशिक्षण

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition: A Discussion Dr Dimpirani Sarma Assistant Professor, Department of Assamese Jawaharlal Nehru College, Boko Kamrup, Assam, India Abstract: The study of the processes through which learners acquire second language is called second language acquisition (SLA). SLA is an important branch of Education, as well as Applied Linguistics. Nowadays, people have to learn one or more second languages in addition to their mother tongue or first language. There are different approaches to learning a second language. Several factors play a role in second language learning. In order to make the SLA a success, it is critical to identify the negative factors that affect the SLA. For example, anxiety, lack of appropriate environment, etc. prevent SLA from being successful. Therefore, SLA can be successful if such negative factors can be eliminated. This research paper highlights the various factors that effect in second language acquisition such as Cognitive biological Factors, Affective and Personality Factors or Attitudinal factors, Time and Environmental Factors etc.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key Words: Second language learning, language aptitude, Affective factors.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition