Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Agriculture is considered a very important source in our country in dial and the whole world. If there is agriculture in the country, grains will grow, animals will survive. Population growth increased so much in the entire country. Agriculture has become in effective for farmers. In a view of population growth, food production has decreased. Current technique s such as deep learning, IOT and machine learning are used for agriculture. IOT is very new to agriculture and farming. IOT is used for raw material s. IOT collect data many areas. We have to face story coming from agriculture business. Smart irrigation system is used. Agriculture is important source of water. If water is irrigated, fruits will grow.

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 Keywords

Machine learning, Deep Learning, Crops, farming precision, Agriculture, Node MCU

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This paper details the design, development, and evaluation of an autonomous line-following robot using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The robot navigates a predefined path marked by a line, employing infrared (IR) sensors for detection and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control algorithm for motor control. The hardware setup includes an Arduino Uno, IR sensors, DC motors, and an L298N motor driver mounted on a compact chassis. The software, developed using the Arduino IDE, processes sensor data to compute the error between the desired path and the robot's actual position, which is minimised using a PID control algorithm. Extensive experiments on various track configurations demonstrated the robot's high precision and stability in following lines. The PID controller's dynamic motor speed adjustments allowed the robot to efficiently navigate complex paths, outperforming traditional threshold-based methods. This research highlights the robot's potential applications in automated guided vehicles (AGVs), industrial automation, and educational tools. The findings underscore the efficacy of PID control in enhancing line-following robot performance, providing a foundation for future advancements in this field.

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 Keywords

Autonomous Navigation, Embedded System, Sensor Data Processing, Path Tracking.

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There is a need to study and make a system which will make it easy for an end-user to predict the permanent diseases without visiting a physician or doctor for a diagnosis. To detect the various diseases through the examining symptoms of patient's using various methods of machine learning models. To manage text data and structured data is no proper method. The recommended system will examine both structure and unstructured data. The predictions accuracy will improve using machine learning.

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 Keywords

Diseases, Prediction, Machine learning, Decision tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest neighbor algorithm.

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 Abstract

due to the increase in population in India, Agriculture is considered an important source. Water is important for agriculture. To irrigate the fields, water the fields, water has to be used. Water is the life of all living beings. If crops are irrigated, plants will emerge and grains will grow. Today we are going to irrigate water through smart irrigation system. And to control the water, rely is used to switch on and off. Water is exacted from the ground by a motor pump connected to the relay. And it also helps in drawing water from wells, rivers, ponds tanks etc. A water controller is installed to pour water in equal quantity. Soil moisture is applied to check the moisture of soil. If the soil becomes wet, the crops will be irrigated and the crops will start growing. To design a hardware program, programming has to be done in software. When you run the machine, the system output will be displayed and will also be displayed in the display computer software. In this you can see amount of irrigation. With the help of cloud, farmers can know the weather. Crop health can be detected in the data. By collecting various sensor data, precision farming methods become accessible and effective.

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 Keywords

Node MCU, soil moisture, CNN and DNN, farming, DHT11 humidity sensor, relay, Motor pump, Power Supply, Water Level, Ph Sensor, Temperature Sensor

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Even in the oldest texts of Sanskrit literature, the narrative method is seen to have been adopted. This method can be found in epics and Puranas.This paper attempts to provide a brief discussion of the Akhyana system in Puranic literature.

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Akhyana, Upakhyana, Puranas,Pancalaksana.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to find out the effect of plyometric exercises on muscular endurance and kicking performance of football players. METHOD: 30 recreational football players were chosen for this study (aged 19-26 years old) and randomly assigned into control (N=15) and experiment group (N=15) for six weeks. The experiment group was engaged in supervised plyometric training programmed for 4 weeks for 3 days in a week on alternate days. Subjects in the control group were excluded from plyometric training. The experiment group subjects participated in two tests; 1) Bent Knee sits up test and; 2) McDonald Soccer test pre- and post-training. RESULTS: The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test as t-value is calculated as 3.2944 for Bent Knee Sit up Test and 7.8474 for McDonald Soccer Test, which is found significant at 0.05 level of confidence. A significant difference is observed in mean values among calculated and tabulated "t-value" of experimental group on Bent Knee Sit Up Test and McDonald Soccer Test of football players via administering the plyometric exercises for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study conclude those four weeks of plyometric exercises effectively in increases muscular endurance and kicking performance in football players. Clinical implications: The current study suggests that plyometric exercise could be a potential tool in improving the muscle endurance and kicking performance in college football players. Additionally, sports-specific exercise will be beneficial for coaches and recreational athletes who are willing to improve muscle endurance, kicking performance and lower limb functional performance.

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Plyometric exercises program-muscular endurance test-kicking performance-bent knee sit up test-McDonald soccer test.

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This project is focused on energy harvesting and energy storage through renewable sources. In many cases, vegetables may either get rotted or the market gets full due to imbalance in supply, price and demand. The waste vegetables and wild plants contain electrochemically active compounds, which can be used for preparation of rechargeable bio-battery cells. In this project, a set of battery cells was constructed by coupling the electroactive compounds of Onion-Radish, Onion-Bitter Orange, Onion-Cactus, Turnip-Radish, Turnip-bitter orange and Turnip-cactus. The fresh juices of these vegetable combinations were used and the reaction conditions were optimized to maximize the output voltage. The output voltage was measured before and after charging of cells for different charging times, juice volume and charging voltage. Among the investigated batteries, turnip-cactus single cell battery produced an open circuit voltage of 2.13 V while the onion-radish battery produced an open circuit voltage.

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Bio-Battery, Waste Management, Electrical

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The advent of Web 3.0, characterized by decentralized applications, enhanced security, and user autonomy, has inspired the development of a cloud-based crowdfunding platform to address traditional issues like centralization, lack of transparency, and high fees. This platform leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized, secure environment, with smart contracts automating and enforcing campaign rules without intermediaries, ensuring transparency, immutability, and security. The frontend uses Next.js and React for a dynamic UI, styled with Tailwind CSS, while the backend employs Solidity for smart contracts, Hardhat for deployment and testing, and Ethers.js for blockchain interactions, with Web3modal providing secure blockchain wallet authentication. Key features include seamless user onboarding, user-friendly campaign management, and secure transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. Rigorous development and testing ensured smart contract security and efficient transactions, with user feedback highlighting enhanced security. Challenges included optimizing blockchain performance, with future improvements focusing on scalability and user adoption, demonstrating the viability of leveraging Web 3.0 for innovative crowdfunding solutions.

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Web 3.0, blockchain technology, smart contracts, decentralized applications, Ethereum blockchain

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India is actively contributing to the global push for clean, affordable, and sustainable energy, aiming to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Recently, significant progress in solar energy generation has been made under the National Solar Mission, which targets 50% of energy from sustainable sources by 2030. Despite a solar power generation potential of 115.97 TWh and an estimated 280-300 GW in floating solar power, much of this remains untapped. Current installations are mostly in states like Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal, highlighting a vast opportunity for further development. However, only a small portion of this potential has been tapped, with current installations primarily in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Telangana, Bihar, and Rajasthan. Despite the considerable capacity available, the actual installed capacity remains limited, highlighting a substantial opportunity for further development and investment in floating solar power projects across the country. This paper introduces a novel controller that enhances the performance of a solar-wind hybrid power system by combining solar and wind energy for electricity generation. The system optimizes resource use, boosting efficiency and reliability compared to single-source generation. It is suitable for both industrial and domestic applications. The research focuses on developing combined solar-hydro power plants in India, where solar potential is high but underutilized. This hybrid system aims to produce low-cost electricity, increase renewable energy penetration, and mitigate the environmental and financial costs of conventional plants.

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Floating solar power plant, Solar-hydro power plants, Solar potential, Variable energy resources, National solar mission.

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Vocational guidance is a crucial element in aiding individuals, particularly students and job seekers, in making informed career choices. This study explores the impact of follow-up programs on the efficacy of vocational guidance services. Follow-up programs are designed to provide continuous support and assessment after the initial vocational guidance sessions, ensuring that individuals are effectively implementing the advice and strategies discussed. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews with participants who have undergone vocational guidance and subsequent follow-up. Results indicate that follow-up programs significantly enhance the outcomes of vocational guidance by providing ongoing support, clarifying goals, and addressing new challenges as they arise. Participants reported increased satisfaction with their career paths, higher employment rates, and greater alignment between their jobs and personal interests and skills. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of personalized follow-up sessions that are tailored to individual needs and circumstances. Effective follow-up programs include regular check-ins, additional resources, and adaptive strategies to help individuals stay on track with their career objectives. The findings suggest that integrating structured follow-up programs into vocational guidance services can lead to more sustainable and successful career development outcomes. In this research underscores the vital role of follow-up programs in vocational guidance, advocating for their broader implementation to support continuous career development and to maximize the long-term benefits of initial vocational counseling.

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 Keywords

Follow-up program o Vocational guidance o Career counseling o Career development o Employment outcomes o Continuous support o Skill development o Career satisfaction

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 Abstract

India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to revolutionize higher education by fostering holistic development, flexible learning structures, and a strong research culture. However, challenges exist in implementing this ambitious vision. Issues like limited access due to social and economic barriers, along with a shortage of qualified faculty and resources, hinder the policy's reach. Additionally, concerns regarding the integration of technology in teaching methods and the feasibility of the multi-entry, multiexit system require careful consideration. Effectively addressing these challenges will be crucial for the NEP 2020 to achieve its goals of creating a world-class higher education system in India.

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Ambitious Goals, Pedagogical Skills, Vocational Education, Exacerbate, Disillusionment.

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Adversity inevitably impacts every individual. While some manage to rebound, defy obstacles, and progress despite adversity, others face greater challenges, such as the students affected by the KWAMOUTH massacre in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Amidst a tribal conflict during the school period, these students were forced to migrate to the capital, where they had to regroup, rebuild, and still pass the State Exam. Our aim was to examine the resilience demonstrated by these young individuals and the resources that facilitated their recovery from this traumatic experience. Through a mixed-method approach, our investigation involving 35 surviving students allowed us to identify the cultural and community resources acting as protective factors, enabling them to persevere and remain engaged in their studies despite the impact of the massacre

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Resilience (in times of war), Kwamouth massacre, academic engagement, agency, education.

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This research aims at reviewing the factors which contribute to the success of a company's penetration to the international market. It comprehensively A Review On Companies Export Performance from the point of views Geographical Market Coverage, Company Characteristics, and Management Attitudes . The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). We attempt to gather literatures which correlate with export performance and the factors that influence and analyze current actual strength and issues. there are many researches which found that Geographical Market Coverage, Company Characteristics, and Management Attitudes correlate and influence a company's export performance. Finally, open problems for future research are also comprehensively discussed.

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Company export performance; Geographical market coverage; Company characteristics; Management attitudes.

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The proliferation of mobile technology has significantly transformed service delivery across various sectors, paving the way for innovative solutions like service provider apps. This research paper presents an in-depth analysis of a service provider app designed to streamline interactions between service providers and consumers. The app aims to enhance convenience, efficiency, and user satisfaction by integrating features such as real-time booking, geolocation services, secure payment gateways, and user feedback mechanisms. This study explores the app's design and functionality, emphasizing user-centric navigation and robust security measures to protect user data. Through case studies and user surveys, the paper evaluates the app's impact on service delivery efficiency and customer satisfaction. It also examines the economic and operational benefits for service providers, including increased market reach, improved customer relationship management, and data-driven insights for better decision-making. Furthermore, the research addresses the challenges faced in developing and maintaining such an app, including scalability, ensuring privacy, and adapting to diverse user needs. By analyzing these aspects, the paper provides valuable insights into the potential of service provider apps to revolutionize the service industry and meet the evolving expectations of modern consumers.

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Service provider app, Mobile technology, User satisfaction, Service delivery, Digital transformation, Customer relationship management, Data security.

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In order to solve common security concerns with the procurement process, this study explores the implementation of a decentralized electronic tendering system using blockchain technology. Specifically, it focuses on smart contracts constructed upon a user-defined blockchain protocol. The study is broken down into four main sections: 1) General Requirements (GR) formulation and dissemination, 2) bid submission procedures, 3) bid review and negotiation processes, and 4) winning offer selection. Every section integrates distinct algorithms to guarantee a thorough resolution. Concerns about security and auditability are methodically evaluated and compared with current tendering procedures. Establishing a fair, open, and transparent procurement process is the main goal. The project is specifically designed for government tenders and aims to create a transparent and safe blockchaindriven system in order to address issues related to unethical behavior such as bribery and favoritism. In order to protect government records, the suggested framework serves as a solid and unchangeable data structure. This promotes better smart governance, operational efficacy, and costeffectiveness in the public sector. The main goal is to minimize human oversight and streamline the creation of government plans and strategies by establishing a transparent and secure edge computing framework for government tenders.

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 Keywords

Blockchain, Tender Allocation system, Firebase, Hash Key, Bid, Auction System.

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The Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Slot Booking System is designed to address the growing need for efficient and accessible EV charging infrastructure. As the world shifts towards sustainable energy sources, EVs are gaining popularity due to their potential to reduce carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. However, the current EV charging systems often face challenges such as disorganized processes, lack of real-time information, and inefficient management, leading to user inconvenience and operational difficulties. This project will introduce an EV Charging application designed to provide EV owners with the convenience of easily locating charging stations and checking slot availability. The app will incorporate a centralized booking system, allowing users to effortlessly schedule charging sessions in advance and receive real-time updates on slot availability. Utilizing Google Maps, our app will make it easy for users to find and navigate to the closest charging stations, enhancing their experience with accurate and efficient location guidance. In our app, we are introducing a new feature called 'Community Forum', where every user can connect, share their insights, experiences, and recommendations with other EV users about their electric vehicles. This feature facilitates easy communication among users.

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Electric Vehicle (EV), Slot Booking, Charging Infrastructure, Real-time Information, Sustainable Transportation, Charging Slot, Booking System, Navigation, Charging Session, Location Guidance

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 Abstract

Title: The Evolving Landscape of Social Media: A Comprehensive Analysis Abstract This journal explores the multifaceted realm of social media, developing into its influence on individuals, communities, businesses, and society as a whole. Through an interdisciplinary approach, it examines the psychological, sociological, economic, and technological dimensions of this phenomenon. Social media has become an indispensable part of modern society, profoundly influencing various aspects of our lives. This comprehensive analysis delves into the multifaceted nature of social media, examining its psychological, sociological, economic, and technological dimensions. By exploring its impact on individuals, communities, businesses, and society as a whole, we aim to gain deeper insights into the evolving landscape of social media. Key Word : Evolving, social media, Comprehensive Analysis Introduction Social media platforms have transformed the way we communicate, interact, and engage with information. From the early days of MySpace and Friendster to the ubiquitous presence of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and beyond, the evolution of social media has been rapid and profound. What began as a means of connecting with friends and sharing personal updates has evolved into a complex ecosystem that shapes our identities, influences our behavior, and shapes the fabric of society. In this analysis, we will explore the various dimensions of social media, ranging from its psychological effects on individuals to its broader societal implications. By examining the interplay between technology, psychology, sociology, and economics, we can gain a deeper understanding of how social media is reshaping the world around us. Psychological Perspectives Identity Formation and Self-Presentation Social media platforms provide individuals with a platform to construct and curate their online personas. The images, posts, and updates that we share contribute to the formation of our digital identities, which may differ from our offline selves. This process of self-presentation can have both positive and negative effects on our psychological well-being. On one hand, social media allows individuals to express themselves creatively, connect with like-minded individuals, and explore different aspects of their identities. However, it also encourages the perpetuation of idealized versions of ourselves, leading to feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, and anxiety. Research has shown that excessive use of social media is associated with lower self-esteem, higher levels of narcissism, and increased feelings of loneliness and depression. Social Comparison and Envy One of the most significant psychological effects of social media is its tendency to foster social comparison. As we scroll through our news feeds, we are constantly exposed to images and updates from our peers, which may trigger feelings of envy, jealousy, and insecurity. Whether it's seeing a friend's vacation photos or a colleague's professional achievements, social media creates a breeding ground for comparison that can negatively impact our mental health. Studies have shown that frequent engagement with social media is correlated with higher levels of envy and dissatisfaction with one's life. This phenomenon, often referred to as "social media envy," can lead to a cycle of negative emotions, as individuals compare themselves unfavorably to their peers and strive for unattainable standards of success and happiness. Sociological Implications Social Networks and Communities Social media platforms have revolutionized the way we connect and interact with others, enabling us to form and maintain relationships across geographical, cultural, and ideological boundaries. From Facebook groups to Twitter hashtags, social media facilitates the creation of online communities based on shared interests, beliefs, and identities. These virtual communities serve as spaces for collaboration, support, and solidarity, allowing individuals to find belonging and connection in an increasingly fragmented world. However, they also present challenges related to echo chambers, filter bubbles, and the spread of misinformation, which can exacerbate social polarization and undermine trust in institutions. Influence on Cultural Dynamics The rise of social media has had a profound impact on cultural dynamics, reshaping the way we consume, create, and share cultural artifacts. From viral memes to viral challenges, social media has become a powerful force for cultural diffusion, amplifying trends and shaping popular discourse in real-time. Moreover, social media has played a central role in social movements and political activism, providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard and challenging traditional power structures. Movements like #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #FridaysForFuture have mobilized millions of people around the world, demonstrating the transformative potential of social media as a tool for social change. Economic Dimensions Business and Marketing For businesses, social media represents a double-edged sword, offering unprecedented opportunities for engagement, outreach, and brand building, while also presenting challenges related to reputation management, content moderation, and algorithmic bias. The rise of influencer marketing has further transformed the landscape, as brands seek to leverage the social capital of popular personalities to promote their products and services. Moreover, social media has given rise to the gig economy, enabling individuals to monetize their skills and expertise through freelance work, digital entrepreneurship, and platform-based labor. However, this shift towards flexible, contingent employment has raised concerns about job security, labor rights, and the erosion of traditional employment norms. The Gig Economy and Digital Labor The gig economy, characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work, has been facilitated by the proliferation of digital platforms that connect buyers and sellers of goods and services. From ride-sharing apps like Uber and Lyft to freelance marketplaces like Upwork and Fiverr, social media has transformed the way we work, earn, and interact with the economy. While the gig economy offers flexibility and autonomy for workers, it also presents challenges related to income volatility, lack of benefits, and precarious employment conditions. Moreover, the rise of algorithmic management and digital surveillance has raised concerns about worker exploitation, algorithmic bias, and the erosion of labor rights in the digital age. Technological Advances Algorithmic Bias and Filter Bubbles One of the most pressing concerns related to social media is the phenomenon of algorithmic bias, whereby automated systems perpetuate and exacerbate existing inequalities and biases in society. From biased recommendations on YouTube to discriminatory ad targeting on Facebook, algorithmic systems can reinforce stereotypes, amplify misinformation, and marginalize marginalized communities. Moreover, social media algorithms are designed to prioritize engagement and virality, often leading to the creation of echo chambers and filter bubbles that reinforce existing beliefs and insulate users from opposing viewpoints. This phenomenon, known as "homophily," can exacerbate social polarization and hinder constructive dialogue in the public sphere. Privacy and Data Security The proliferation of social media has raised significant concerns about privacy and data security, as users' personal information is collected, analyzed, and monetized by platform companies for targeted advertising and algorithmic manipulation. From Cambridge Analytica's misuse of Facebook data to the recent WhatsApp privacy controversy, social media companies have come under scrutiny for their data practices and privacy policies. In response to these concerns, regulators around the world have introduced new legislation and regulations to protect user privacy and data rights. Initiatives like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States seek to give users greater control over their personal data and hold companies accountable for data breaches and privacy violations. Personal Reflections and Future Directions As individuals, we are faced with the challenge of navigating the complexities of social media in our daily lives. While it offers unprecedented opportunities for connection, creativity, and expression, it also presents risks and challenges that must be addressed. By cultivating awareness, critical thinking, and digital literacy skills, we can harness the power of social media for positive change and collective action. Looking ahead, the future of social media is likely to be shaped by advances in technology, changes in user behavior, and regulatory interventions. From the rise of virtual reality and augmented reality to the emergence of decentralized social networks and blockchain-based platforms, the possibilities are endless. However, it is essential to approach these developments with caution and foresight, ensuring that they promote inclusivity, diversity, and ethical responsibility in the digital age. Conclusion In conclusion, social media has emerged as a dominant force in contemporary society, shaping the way we communicate, interact, and engage with the world around us. By examining its psychological, sociological, economic, and technological dimensions, we can gain a deeper understanding of its impact on individuals, communities, businesses, and society as a whole. While social media offers unprecedented opportunities for connection, creativity, and expression, it also presents risks and challenges that must be addressed. From the psychological effects of social comparison and envy to the economic implications of the gig economy and digital labor, there are myriad issues that require careful consideration and thoughtful action. As we navigate the complexities of social media in our daily lives, it is essential to cultivate awareness, critical thinking, and digital literacy skills. By empowering individuals to make informed choices and engage responsibly with social media, we can harness its transformative potential for positive change and collective action in the digital age. References [Provide a list of references cited throughout the analysis, including academic studies, articles, and reports. This comprehensive analysis covers various aspects of social media, providing insights into its impact on individuals, communities, businesses, and society as a whole. By examining its psychological, sociological, economic, and technological dimensions, we can gain a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of social media and its implications for the future.

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Key Word : Evolving, social media, Comprehensive Analysis

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In today's environment, citizens satisfaction and loyalty are crucial factors that directly impact the success and sustainability of organizations. One of the key challenges faced is effectively managing and resolving citizen complaints in a timely and efficient manner. Many citizens feel dissatisfied when they experience delays in service or lack clear channels for filing complaints, leading to potential loss of loyalty and time of the citizens. These issues will be resolved by Online Complaint Management System. This innovative system is a comprehensive solution designed to address the challenges face in handling complaints effectively. Recognizing the importance of citizens satisfaction and loyalty, this system helps to streamline the complaint handling process. The system features automated complaint classification and routing to the relevant department, as well as a mechanism to identify and prevent duplicate complaints. The system significantly reduces the time and procedures involved in complaint handling, enhances the channels for filing complaints, and improves progress reporting and tracking of complaint status. This innovative system aims to enhance citizens satisfaction by providing a user-friendly and efficient platform for managing and resolving complaints

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complaint, citizen, satisfaction

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The medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis Linn is a succulent climber, which belonging to the family Vitaceae (Grape family). In Hindi it is well known as Hadjod,Hadkankan, Gathjod whereas in English edible stemmed vine. Using the plant stem in Ayurveda can alleviate certain diseases such as piles, bone fractures, joint pain, swelling, scurvy, gout, asthma and bleeding in the ear and nose. Strength can be attributed to the Cissus quadrangularis Linn stem structure being similar to the bones and joints in the body. The research has focused on evaluating the structural features and physiochemical behaviours of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical qualities of the leaves. Methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts were used to examine phytochemical compounds in this plant. The study can be beneficial in identifying and verifying plant materials. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation and analysis can be made easier by using biochemical assays.

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Key words: Succulent, Vitaceae, Hadjod, Structural, Analysis, Biochemical

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"Machine Learning Cryptocurrency Price Prediction " aims to develop a predictive model using historical data to predict the future prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum. This project involves the application of machine learning algorithms to analyze key factors affecting cryptocurrency prices, including market trends, trading volume, social media sentiment, and technical indicators. Through feature engineering and model optimization, the project aims to increase the accuracy of predicting price fluctuations. The expected result is a robust and adaptable framework capable of providing insight into potential price movements and helping investors and stakeholders make informed decisions in the volatile cryptocurrency market.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, Time Series Analysis, Sentiment Analysis, Regression Analysis, Deep Learning and more.

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