Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Antenatal care (ANC) is one of the programs to achieve the Millennium Development Goals 4 & 5. Antenatal care (ANC) has important positions as this is directly related with maternal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal care have to take complete physical check-up at regular intervals and early detection of deviation from the normal and their proper intervention or timely therapy. In addition counseling and advice of mother about various aspects like personal hygiene, nutrition, rest & sleep, travelling, birth spacing, place of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding and postnatal care about their children. Therefore, it is very important to identify the existing outcome of mothers awareness gained through antenatal care who are living both rural and urban area, whether the ANC services successful achieve or not. However the present study has conducted to assess the awareness of rural and urban mothers regarding antenatal care; to find out the impact of awareness of rural and urban mothers regarding ANC; to examine the relationship between the awareness and impact on ANC of mothers; and to determine the level of awareness and impact of antenatal care of the mothers. It was a cross sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted in selected different Hospitals at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Purposive sampling method was used for the study. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from the respondents of study area. Secondary data were collected from books, research report, journals and internet. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected through face to face interview with questionnaire and secondary data were collected by reviewing books, research report, journals and internet etc. This study revealed that most of the respondents had excellent knowledge about antenatal care and few had good knowledge on antenatal care of pregnant women admitted at different Hospitals at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. This study revealed that one fourth of the respondents had no knowledge about blurring vision is a warning sign during pregnancy, one fifth of the respondents had no knowledge about radiation hazards during pregnancy, one third of the respondents had no knowledge about leg edema is a warning sign during pregnancy, half of the respondents had no knowledge about Rh-negative status is a warning sign during pregnancy. We should suggest them to continue taking care and regular antenatal check-up because every pregnant woman must have adequate knowledge about her own physical and emotional health as well as optimal health of the unborn child. The knowledge can be achieved properly through regular antenatal care. That will help the mother to have a healthy baby at the end of the pregnancy.

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 Keywords

Antenatal care, Services, Awareness, Antenatal visit, Health problems

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This article presents the awareness on reproductive health among adolescent girl in rural area at Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Analysis of data revealed that a sizable proportion of adolescent girls had incorrect knowledge or misconceptions about the fertile period, reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. Age, education either of adolescents or their mothers, residence, and exposure to mass media were the significant predictors of adolescent girls' knowledge about reproductive health. Strong efforts are needed to improve awareness and to clarify misconceptions about reproductive health. Improved access to mass media and education could improve rural Bangladeshi adolescent girls' awareness about reproductive health.

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Awareness, Reproductive Health, Adolescent Girl, Rural Area

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To improve the quality of distance learning and students' learning effectiveness in the investigated universities, quantitative survey with SPSS19.0 is applied to analyzing data in this study, in which Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Regression Analysis, and Analysis of Variance are utilized for organizing and analyzing data. About 400 students of Kalyana Karnataka region studying in KSOU, Mysore are proceeded questionnaire survey, and 372 valid copies are studied. The research findings show that Distance Learning appears significantly positive effects on Curriculum Instruction in Learning Effectiveness, Distance Learning presents notably positive effects on Technological Media in Learning Effectiveness and Distance learning reveals remarkably positive effects on Curriculum Management in Learning Effectiveness.

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Distance Learning, Learning Effectiveness, Kalyana Karnataka Region

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Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral illness, poses a significant global public health threat, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Caused by four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus, it manifests in a spectrum ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Despite extensive prevention and control efforts, dengue remains a burden with periodic outbreaks, particularly during rainy seasons when mosquito breeding peaks. Accurate and prompt diagnosis of dengue is crucial for effective clinical management and outbreak containment. Conventional diagnostic methods face challenges, including false negatives, delayed results, and reliance on labor-intensive laboratory tests, necessitating a shift towards more efficient and reliable diagnostic approaches. Deep learning models hold the potential to revolutionize dengue diagnosis by leveraging diverse data sources for early detection and prediction. By integrating clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and epidemiological data, these models offer a comprehensive approach to dengue diagnosis, enabling rapid and accurate case identification. Deep learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and early signs of infection that traditional methods might miss. Siddaganga Medical College & Research Institute is at the forefront of using real-time data for dengue surveillance and diagnosis. Through collaborations with research partners, Siddaganga Hospital has amassed extensive clinical data, including patient demographics, symptoms, and diagnostic test results. Utilizing this rich dataset, deep learning models can identify early signs of dengue infection, facilitating timely interventions and reducing the disease burden. This review highlights the importance of integrating real-time data and fostering collaboration between healthcare providers and data scientists to advance dengue diagnosis and surveillance. By harnessing the power of deep learning models and real-time data streams, institutions like Siddaganga Hospital can enhance their capacity for early detection and response to dengue outbreaks, ultimately mitigating the impact on public health.

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Dengue fever, mosquito-borne illness, public health, diagnosis, deep learning, data integration, epidemiology, early detection, Siddaganga Medical College.

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Herbal plants are commonly utilized as natural pain relievers, particularly in traditional medical systems. However, the scientific data supporting their analgesic effectiveness is weak and frequently contradictory. This study seeks to give a complete overview of plant species and known phytoconstituents having analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties with its uses. The study includes 10 herbal plants from various families, including Curcuma longa , Clove -Syzygium , Ginger , Mint, Feverfew, Willow Bark, Kava Kava, Lavender, Rosemary. These plants' analgesic effect is linked to a variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and polysaccharides, which influence distinct pain pathways such as opioid, inflammatory, neuropathic, and nociceptive. This review highlight the potential of herbal plants as a rich source of analgesic substances, providing a natural alternative to synthetic drugs. Further exploration in this area may result in the creation of novel bioactive substances. with better therapeutic activity and selectivity.

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Analgesic , Anti-inflammatory

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POLITICAL DEFECTION AND DEMOCRACY IN INDIA MANISHA KUMARI Doctoral Research Scholar Department of Political Science Netaji Subhas University Jamshedpur, Jharkhand Email Id- manishakumari16726@gmail.com ABSTRACT In the present paper, the politics of Defection is playing havoc with Indian Democracy. Representatives elected by the people change their political parties to topple the government. Frequent changing of political parties for political gains has weakened Indian democracy making it impossible to establish democratic values in the political fabric of the society or the article attempts to study the phenomenon of party defection to understand the impact it may have on political parties. Before 1967, there was no serious problem of political party dominance in India. This was because at that time the Indian National Congress was the only political party that enjoyed the confidence of people. The phrase Aaya Ram Gaya Ram gained popularity in Indian politics in 1967 when Gayalal, a Haryana MLA, changed his party three times in a single day. The anti defection law seeks to prevent political defection that may be due to remuneration or other similar considerations. The present anti-defection law was passed by the parliament in the year 1985 by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment which added the tenth schedule to the Constitution.

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Political Defection, Indian Democracy, Neharuvian View

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The "Waste Wise: Engaging the City in Plastic Recycling" project tackles the challenges of modern urban waste management by introducing an innovative online platform. In today's urbanized world, traditional waste disposal methods struggle with the increasing volumes of scrap materials and public waste. "Waste Wise" operates as a dynamic digital ecosystem, streamlining scrap collection through an intuitive mobile application. Citizens can effortlessly report and schedule scrap pickups, incentivized by a rewards system offering digital coins and discount coupons. Simultaneously, scrap collectors benefit from real-time location details, optimizing their responsiveness. The platform extends its impact with a public waste reporting feature, allowing citizens to capture images of waste accumulations. These reports are seamlessly relayed to municipal authorities, facilitating swift and targeted public waste collection efforts. The integration of GPS technology ensures accurate tracking of scrap collectors, enabling efficient navigation. "Waste Wise" envisions a paradigm shift in waste- management, leveraging technology for proactive citizen engagement, empowering scrap collectors, and enhancing collaboration with municipal authorities. The project aspires to create cleaner, more sustainable urban environments, marking significant strides towards intelligent and collaborative waste management. This abstract encapsulates the essence of "Waste Wise"--a transformative solution that combines user-friendly technology, incentives, and collaborative reporting to address the complexities of urban waste management in a sustainable and efficient manner.

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Recycling

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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as indispensable tools in the realm of disaster risk management, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding, mitigating, and responding to natural hazards. This abstract explores the multifaceted role of GIS in disaster risk management, highlighting its significance in hazard mapping, vulnerability assessment, and emergency response preparedness.GIS facilitates hazard mapping by integrating diverse spatial datasets, including topography, land use, and historical hazard occurrences. Through sophisticated spatial analysis, GIS identifies high-risk areas prone to floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and other hazards, enabling policymakers to prioritize resources for mitigation efforts and land-use planning. GIS plays a crucial role in vulnerability assessment by integrating socio-economic and environmental data to identify vulnerable populations, critical infrastructure, and assets at risk. This information empowers decision-makers to tailor interventions such as evacuation plans and resource allocation, ensuring the resilience of communities in the face of disasters.GIS enhances emergency response and preparedness by integrating real-time data feeds, facilitating situational awareness, resource allocation, and coordination among response agencies. By providing decision-makers with accurate spatial information, GIS enables timely and effective response efforts, ultimately reducing the impact of disasters on communities.GIS serves as a vital tool in disaster risk management, offering invaluable capabilities in hazard mapping, vulnerability assessment, and emergency response preparedness. Its integration of spatial data and analytical tools enables decision-makers to make informed decisions, enhance resilience, and safeguard lives and livelihoods in the face of natural hazards.

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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) ,Disaster Risk Management, Hazard Mapping, Vulnerability Assessment ,Emergency Response ,Spatial Analysis, Hazard Identification, Resilience, Decision-Making, Spatial Data Integration

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Haruki Murakami's work delves into the tropes of realism and existentialism, the promises of industrialization, and the dilemmas of post-industrial society in a highly developed country. The works of postmodern literature, the fragment narrative, meta-fiction, and hyper-reality are exemplified in his works highlighting the concepts of the distinction between genuine and fake reality. Indeed, in novels like 'Kafka on the Shore' and '1Q84,' a consistent feature in Murakami's work relates to the cultured ambiguity between reality and fantasy which is characteristic of the twentieth century experiencing wars, main nuclear threat, and technological advancement. These contextual antecedents can help explain his portrayal of existential despair and alienation inherent in his characters who act out in societies saturated with consumerist imagery and emaciated of meaning. Allegory and symbolism enhance the user engagement, which alludes to the pop culture, literature, and music to make sure the narrative contains added layers of meaning. His characters frequently experience deep existential crises where they're forced to deal with shattered personalities and the quest for purpose in an anarchy society. This essay shows how Murakami deconstructs reality and renegotiates the definition of the human self in a postmodern way, challenging the readers to ponder on the fact that one can be a writer, or an author of life both in fiction and real life. Thus, using the example of the present- oriented consumption, he simultaneously lampoons the modern post-industrial survivors' obsession with consumption and spills the longing for meaningful existence and acknowledgement of the approved concern with the quest for the evaluation in a society becoming post industrialized.

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Meta-fiction, Storytelling, Capitalism, Existentialism, Loneliness

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Water is very much essential to life, but too much of water can have severe consequences on our communities, society and the environment. Floods are some of the most dramatic and severe natural disasters associeted with water that humans are experiencing for thousands of years. Flood is the overflow of water onto normally a dry land. The flooding of a normally dry area caused by rising of water level in an existing waterway, such as a river or pond is called Flood. Flood is enormous amount of water. Sometimes too much of anything called as Flood. Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Generally Flooding is a type of extreme weather and it happens when there is heavy precipitation in a very short amount of time. Generally, floods take hours or even days to develop, giving populations time to prepare or evacuate. But many times floods develop quickly and with little warning, at such times people will not be having any time for preparedness.

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Flood, Disaster, Overflow, Warning, Precipitation

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Electronic banking aids users to get access to their funds through an electronic medium, thereby, eliminating the requirement for the banks' customers to visit the bank to do financial transactions. Since a greater number of customers are now using the internet for a host of their daily activities, this digital medium of banking makes banking far accessible and convenient for users. Electronic banking is also known with the names, like, e-banking, virtual banking, online banking, or internet banking. In simple words, the electronic banking is the use of electronic and telecommunications network for delivering different sort of banking products and services. Moreover, a customer can easily access his bank account and carry transactions by using his computer or mobile phone with the help of e-banking. This study throws light on the factors influencing the customer satisfaction on E-Banking services.

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Internet Banking, Customer Satisfaction, E-Banking, Online Banking.

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Brain tumor detection and segmentation are critical tasks in medical imaging analysis for diagnosis and treatment planning. In recent years, computer vision techniques, particularly those implemented using the OpenCV library, have shown promising results in automating these processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of brain tumor detection and segmentation methods employing OpenCV. Various techniques, including image preprocessing, feature extraction, and segmentation algorithms, are explored and compared in terms of their effectiveness, computational efficiency, and applicability to different types of brain tumors. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed, along with potential future research directions. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of automated brain tumor detection and segmentation systems, ultimately aiding healthcare professionals in improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment planning.

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Brain tumor, OpenCV, medical imaging, segmentation

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This paper introduces an investigation of PWM techniques which can minimize total harmonic distortion (THD) and enhance the output voltage. Also, this paper present a comparison between different topologies of multilevel inverter. This comparison is done with respect of weight, THD and cost. For multilevel inverters IGBT's and MOSFET's are used as switching devices to make the inverter more accurate. Multilevel inverters are important for power electronics application such as, active power filters and uninterruptible power supplies. If THD is important, the 11 level inverter should be used, since it has lower THD than 9 level and 5 level inverter. If cost is important 5 level inverter be used. If power losses are important the 9-level diode-clamped inverter is used. Selecting a multilevel inverter is a tradeoff between cost, complexity, losses and THD. The most important part is to decide which one is important.

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multilevel inverters, pulse width modulation, total harmonic distortion, power losses and Loss..

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The PGPR Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are most beneficial strain of bacteria that enhance the plant growth and biocontrol by direct and indirect mechanism. The PGPR identified as the efficient microbe as bio fertilizer for plant growth. Hence the present investigation was carried out to isolate and characterize the PGPR from rhizosphere soil. A total ten in number isolates were isolated from soil sample and were characterize by different characterization techniques. In this present study the out of ten isolates two 10-5F1 and 10-5F3 shown high IAA production, displayed phosphate solubilizing activity in Pikovskaya agar, almost all isolates were positive for catalase test and showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus species

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Rhizobacteria, phosphate solubilizing, antifungal activity

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Abstract: Tribal belt in any region refers to specific areas of settlement of tribal people. They are groups of people with specific customs, traditions, dialect and have a common culture. People here generally live and work together in a shared geographical area. The five areas identified under five ITDP's (Integrated Tribal Development Programme) are Kinnaur, Lahaul, Spiti, Pangi and Bharmour. The various tribes in Himachal Pradesh include Lahaula, Pangwala, Gaddi, Swangla, Bodh people and Kinnauri and Khampa tribes. Women in any society play a pivotal role in shaping that society. Here in this paper, it is being analyzed that what is women's position in a tribal society. In the tribal belt of Himachal Pradesh Buddhism is prevalent especially in Lahaul & Spiti and Kinnaur regions. From religious point of view Buddhism offers a liberal outlook towards women. The women's work in these regions is mainly confined to agricultural activities [7]. As far as inheritance laws are concerned, Hindu succession act has led to much dilemma here but in all of this the ray of hope is the decision of Court of Law. Polyandry an old custom still exists in some parts of Kinnaur and Lahaul. Law of primogeniture exists in Spiti. The benefits of Scheduled Areas act are acting aptly to safeguard the economic, cultural rights of tribal population in the area.

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Key Words: Hindu Succession Act, Primogeniture, Polyandry, Scheduled Area.

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Over the past few decades, advances in information technology have significantly transformed how we manage data and information, particularly in terms of data acquisition, processing, and predictions. This interdisciplinary effort has involved the use of image processing techniques and the implementation of AI-based models. The latest technological innovations have made it possible for researchers to conduct computational experiments that would have been impractical using conventional methods. This survey paper examines various methodologies for object detection, providing a systematic analysis of existing techniques with a detailed presentation. The study also includes an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of current methods and outlines future research opportunities in this field.

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Object Recognition, Object Detection, Image Processing, AI-Artificial Intelligence.

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The project, "Animal Species Detection using Convolutional Neural Network," aims to create a sophisticated system for identifying and classifying animal species from both static images and live video streams. Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the YOLO v8 object detection algorithm, the system promises accurate, real-time animal detection and recognition. Inputs from various sources will yield outputs with bounding boxes, species names, and corresponding audio tracks. Developed with the Streamlit framework for an interactive front end, the project will leverage the Roboflow platform for data set curation, model training, and deployment. Notifications via Telegram will provide real-time detection updates, and the front end will offer detailed information on each detected species. This project is poised to significantly advance animal conservation, wildlife monitoring, and environmental research by offering an efficient and accurate tool for animal species detection and identification.

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CNN, YOLO, Roboflow

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Employee attrition and retention has been one of the major issues of the IT industry in Coimbatore. The issue of employee Attrition and retention remains a significant concern within the IT industry in Coimbatore. This research primarily aims to identify and examine the factors to employee turnover and retention within IT companies in Coimbatore. Data was gathered through a questionnaire to analyze factors such as personal attributes of employees, opinions on factors influencing turnover, and retention strategies implemented in terms of service and working conditions, as well as welfare measures. Currently, the Information Technology sector is grappling with the challenge of recruiting and retaining skilled individuals while also addressing talent loss due to turnover. One of the most pressing challenges faced by employers, particularly in the Information Technology field in the 21st century, is the high rate of employee turnover leading to a manpower shortage amidst a growing demand for skilled professionals. This dynamic often poses numerous challenges for employers in the industry while also presenting opportunities and benefits to employees through effective retention strategies. (Source: Vibha Gupta, 2013, Nargundkar and Rajendra, 2003).

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Retention, HR practices, employee attrition

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Today, social media is one of the most popular and widely utilized forms of communication. People currently utilize social media to interact with one another all around the world. People have been using social media to discuss their experiences in recent years. These product reviews posted by social media users are read by thousands of people every day and they have become a source of influencing consumer buying behaviour. Organizations have started to use social media to sell their products and services after realizing the value of this medium. Social media is being used today to effectively market products and services and to attract a wide demographic of audience. This paper aims at identifying how different aspects of social media can impact consumer behavior. Social media has given rise to the online platforms like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, where people can connect with each other, share thoughts and the content. This revolution of social media has given new way of gaining the information on the products as well as on services. But undoubtedly Social media has given the power to the consumer where content is generated by them only through online conversations so consumers are the one who play an important role in making or breaking the brand. The marketers try to understand the utilization of Social media by the consumers and their deciding pattern on the basis of the content showed there that can change their decision process.

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Social media, consumer behavior, online platforms, organisation.

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The latest study shows a strong connection between dysfunctional neurological (CNS) function and the growing number of immunological diseases. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, also known as (arthritis), a chronic inflammatory systemic immune-mediated illness based on synovitis and is unreliable. Apart from the physical damage to the joints, RA is also linked with psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and Schizophrenia which enhances the possibility of neurodegenerative illnesses. The two types of immunity are governed by local and central neurological systems, which are activated by antibody-producing cells and the immunological barriers compounds they secrete. Extended soreness caused by joint disorders such as rheumatism (arthritis), osteoarthritis (OA), and implant loosening after surgery (AL) is an extremely severe symptom that affects an individual's flexibility and standard of existence. It has been demonstrated that the initiation and development of chronic pain syndromes are significantly influenced by the neuroimmune interaction.

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Arthritis , Inflammation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroimmune

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