Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. The UN sustainable development goals approved by the UN general assembly in September 2015 to secure all round development to the marginalized and maintain environment sustainability. Women have a vital role in development and environment sustainability therefore their participation is essential to achieve sustainable development. Gender Equality is a fundamental human right as well as it is necessary for Sustainable World and it is a significant goal of Sustainable Development Goals. Indian women always remain underprivileged group in accessing the economic, political and socio-cultural rights because of the patriarchal nature of Indian society. Therefore, the focus of the paper is to explore the present scenario of Gender Equality in India in comparison to the other countries of the various parts of the world. The study is exploratory and analysed qualitatively by using secondary data resources. The paper is expected to help policy makers and civil society to understand the significance of Women Empowerment and Gender Equality in the successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in India.

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Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals, Gender Equality, Human Right, Women Empowerment.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Carolina Curriculum (Infant & Toddler) intervention to improve developmental milestones among children with developmental delay. METHOD: A Quasi-Experimental (Single group Pretest- Posttest) design was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling was used for the study. 25 children with developmental delay ranging between the age group 2- 5 years were included in the study. Developmental milestones of the participants were assessed (pre-test) using the Carolina Curriculum for Infant and Toddler with Special Needs (CCITSN). The Carolina Curriculum intervention was given to the participants, with a duration of 1hour per session, five days a week for 12 weeks for each child. Developmental milestones of the participants were reassessed (post-test) using Carolina Curriculum for Infant and Toddler with Special Needs (CCITSN). The pre-test and post- test developmental milestones were analysed and interpreted. RESULTS: Based on the analysis, there were significant changes observed in the developmental milestones and most of the improvements had been shown in motor skills [upright: posture & locomotion (96%), prone on stomach (84%), bilateral skills (76%)], and cognitive skills [problem solving (76%), and Attention & Memory: Visual/ Spatial skills (72%)]. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that Carolina Curriculum interventions are effective in improving developmental milestones among children with developmental delay.

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Carolina Curriculum Intervention, Developmental Milestone, Developmental Delay, Motor skills and Cognitive skills.

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Shalya Tantra is one of the major branches of Ayurveda that deals with surgical care, combining traditional surgical techniques with holistic treatment methods. Drawing its foundation from classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Sushruta Samhita, it includes procedures like cutting, removal, stitching, and cauterization using herbal-based preparations. These interventions are supported by internal and external herbal therapies aimed at enhancing healing, minimizing complications, and reducing the chances of recurrence. Shalya Tantra provides solutions for a broad spectrum of conditions, including disorders of the anal region, bone injuries, and various types of wounds. It gives equal importance to the care before and after surgery to ensure smooth and complete recovery. By merging time-tested principles with practical utility, Shalya Tantra continues to show promise as a valuable approach in today's evolving healthcare systems.

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Shalya Tantra, Ayurveda, surgical techniques

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The aptly titled study attempts to evaluate the events that took place in Fatehgarh Central Jail during the Indian freedom movement between 1857 and 1947 and its history in a modern context. Fatehgarh Central Jail has been an important landmark in the Indian freedom struggle.Many patriots were hanged in this jail. Therefore, it can be said that Fatehgarh Central Jail is a pilgrimage site of freedom.Farrukhabad has played a major role in freeing India from foreign slavery at the national as well as district level, but in comparison to that, this district could not become popular for its revolutionary activities.This situation is from all perspectives, qualitatively, quantitatively, importance of events, subject matter. It would not be an exaggeration if this place is called the refuge, training ground and karmabhoomi of revolutionaries from other districts and states.There have been many such incidents in Farrukhabad about which the country and the state are unaware. Due to lack of sources, writers have written very little on these.This research is an attempt at a modern study of Central Jail Fatehgarh as part of its contribution to freedom movement in Farrukhabad, which paves a way for reconstruction of the glorious history of India.

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Central Jail, Fatehgarh Central Jail, Historical Study, Revolutionary Activities.

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India is undergoing rapid technological transformation and economic growth. However, this progress comes with significant environmental consequences. This paper examines how current technological developments and human activities--including industrialization, urban expansion, agriculture, and energy production--are impacting India's environment. It analyzes key issues such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. The paper also reviews government policies and concludes with recommendations for sustainable development and environmental protection.

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Technological advancement, Economic growth, Environmental degradation, India, Industrialization, Urban expansion, Agriculture, Energy production, Deforestation, Climate change, Government policy, Sustainable development, Environmental protection

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This article examines the pivotal role of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in India's healthcare delivery system, particularly in rural and underserved urban areas. As frontline health workers, ASHAs serve as crucial links between communities and the healthcare system, taking on diverse roles as educators, counselors, first responders, and changemakers. Despite their significant contributions to improving public health and empowering communities, ASHA workers often encounter numerous challenges that affect their motivation, performance, and overall well-being. This study explores why ASHA workers matter, the scope of their impact across India, and the real-world problems they face on the ground, emphasizing the need for greater support, recognition, and systemic reforms.

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Asha worker, community health empowering , frontline, well being

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Shukra Dhatu, the seventh and final dhatu in Ayurvedic physiology, plays a crucial role not only in reproduction but also in maintaining overall vitality and health. Traditionally equated with semen in males, its broader implications include neuroendocrine coordination, hormonal balance, mental well-being, and systemic strength. This article comprehensively explores the concept of Shukra Dhatu from Ayurvedic texts--Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya--alongside its physiological correlations in modern biomedicine such as spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and reproductive endocrinology. By understanding the layers of Shukra--from Sukshma (hormonal) to Sthula (seminal)--and its relation with ojas, bala, and overall health, this study proposes an integrative framework of the reproductive system, including male and female perspectives. Special attention is given to the time of formation (Kaala), locations (Sthana), reduction (Kshaya), and enhancement (Vruddhi) of Shukra, along with its panchabhautika constitution and involvement of Shukravaha srotas. Bridging classical wisdom and modern research, this article highlights the necessity of adopting a wider perspective of reproductive health beyond the limitations of sperm count or testosterone levels. Conclusion: Shukra Dhatu in Ayurveda denotes a comprehensive reproductive system encompassing hormonal balance, gametogenesis, neuroendocrine regulation, and psychological well-being. It parallels modern concepts of reproductive and endocrine health, including testosterone and estrogen functions, spermatogenesis, ovulation, and libido regulation. This understanding emphasizes Shukra as a dynamic, functional system rather than a mere anatomical entity, bridging Ayurvedic philosophy with contemporary biomedical science

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Shukra Dhatu, Reproductive System, Sukshma Shukra, Ojas, Testosterone, Spermatogenesis; Bijarupa shukra

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This Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant global health risk, especially in middle and low-income countries. WHO Global TB Report 2023 projected that about 10.6 million new cases of TB and 1.3 million deaths were reported in 2022 alone. Detection and correct diagnosis at an early stage are paramount to prevent the spread of TB and offer better patient outcomes. Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a routine TB screening because it is cost-effective with quick results. CXR is usually hampered by human factors, subjectivity, and the lack of trained radiologists, particularly in resource-poor environments. Recent developments in Deep Learning (DL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have raised hope towards computer-aided diagnosis of TB based on CXR images. In particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown superior performance in intricate feature extraction of features and feature classification accuracy in medical image processing. This review presents a critical overview of recent DL-based approaches to detection of TB with particular focus on CNN-based models. The paper also discusses the most significant challenges including data imbalance, image quality variation, problem of generalization, model interpretability, and deployment challenges in low-resource environments. Future research directions such as developing large-scale TB-specific datasets, building explainable and lightweight models, mobile health (mHealth) solutions, federated learning, and exploiting multi-modal data are highlighted. This article attempts to enlighten researchers, medical professionals, and policymakers about the current status, challenges, and future of DL-based TB diagnosis to guide international efforts toward efficacious and accountable AI-based health care solutions.

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Tuberculosis Detection, Deep Learning, Chest X-ray (CXR) Analysis, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

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Introduction: Otomycosis is ENT disorder in tropical regions, marked by severe itching,discomfort,watery discharge,blockage and diminished hearing, impacting 9% of the Indian population. Treatment involves the removal of fungal clusters, followed by antifungal drops. In Ayurveda it correlated to Kaphaja Karna Shoola, characterized by Manda ruja, Kandu, Ghana Shruti, and obstruction due to an excess of Kapha Dosha. Ayurveda treatments help to balance Kapha, providing effective, holistic remedies that ease symptoms, prevent recurrences, and promote ear health. Materials and method: A 23-year-old female, fully alert, presented to the OPD with complaints of sudden pain in left ear accompanied by mild itching for five days. She received treatment involving Arka patra swedana and Haridravarti dhoopana, along with oral medications for duration of 14days. Result: The Dhoopana and Swedana with Shamana aushadhis yielded significant improvement in the patient's condition within 14days of treatment. Conclusion: Otomycosis a fungal infection of the ear can be effectively managed through Ayurvedic therapies. In Sthanika Swedana, Arka Patra is utilized for its anti-inflammatory properties, while the Rooksha and Ushna qualities of Haridra Varti Dhoopana help reduce fungal growth, thus aiding in the prevention of otomycosis.

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Otomycosis, Arka Patra, Haridra Varti, Karnashoola

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a key driver of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, transforming various stages of drug development and healthcare delivery. By machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics, AI accelerates drug discovery by identifying promising drug candidates, predicting their molecular interactions, and optimizing lead compounds. It also enhances the efficiency of clinical trials by streamlining patient recruitment, optimizing trial design, and predicting patient outcomes. AI-powered tools enable real-time monitoring of drug safety and efficacy, allowing for faster decision-making during the development process. Moreover, AI facilitates the advancement of personalized medicine by analyzing large-scale genomic and patient data to create individualized treatment plans. Despite the promising potential, challenges such as data integration, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations remain. As AI technology continues to evolve, it holds the promise of significantly improving the speed, cost-efficiency, and precision of pharmaceutical research and development. AlphaFold's ability to predict protein structures with near-experimental accuracy using only amino acid sequences as input has significantly accelerated research in structural biology, drug discovery, and enzyme engineering. The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database has made predicted structures of millions of proteins accessible, bridging the gap between sequence and structure.

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AI, R&D, Drug discovery, Tools & Platform (Biotech), Health care sector, How AI works, Alphafold

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This paper provides a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the historical evolution of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India, examining the inherent conflict between their foundational mandate of social viability and the subsequent necessity for financial profitability. Employing secondary data from the authoritative sources like NABARD, RBI, and scholarly literature, the study traces the transformation of RRBs through distinct historical phases. The analysis reveals that during the "inception and expansion" phase (1975-1990), RRBs successfully fulfilled their social objective by promoting financial inclusion into unbanked rural areas. Although, this focus led to widespread instability in the financial performance and sustainability of RRBs. In response, a series of structural reforms were implemented to ensure survival. These reforms have encouraged the commercialization, diversification, and expansion of RRBs into more lucrative markets and transformed the systemic losses into significant profits. However, the study concludes that this shift towards profitability has fundamentally altered the operational character of RRBs, causing them to deviate from their original philosophy of social banking.

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Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Profitability, social viability, Rural Banking, Financial Inclusion.

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The research on gift buying and craft buying behavior in Coimbatore City seeks to identify the major determinants of purchase behavior in the niche market. Due to increased interest in customized and creative products, the research looks into consumer taste, purchasing motives, price sensitivity, and demographics like age, income, and occupation. Information gathered using guided questionnaires indicates that aspects such as rarity, beauty, cultural significance, and emotional connection dominate the driving of purchases. Events like festivals, birthdays, and social gatherings considerably increase demand, whereas younger consumers increasingly prefer internet shopping platforms. The research generates information that can inform local artists, retailers, and marketers to customize their products and approaches to suit consumer demands and improve competitiveness in the crafts and gifts industry.

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Buying behaviour, Customer satisfaction, Price, Gifts and craft

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Hridya Roga, Amalaki, Rasa-vaha Srotas, CVD, Cardioprotective, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress

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It is crucial to grow after trauma which either breaks or makes. People attempt to adapt it as a phase of refining their personality. This article focus on the leading character who confront traumatic event in his life and how it moulds him to be better than before. Though the process of curing is challenging which is pivotal to keep moving in life. The present study builds up on Tedeschi and Calhoun's concept of post traumatic growth. It aligns with resilience and coping which is one of the core principles of his post traumatic growth. The title of the novel Better man is self-explanatory that reflects the growth of the protagonist after disruption of traumatic event in his life. The novel traces the healing and maturation of an individual, journey of getting away from the psychic stagnant. The present study deals with the positive impacts of traumatic event, how the event transform the personality and perception of the people in a productive way. It also illustrate the relevance of caruth's theory which posits the destructive and constructive power of trauma in an individual. It explores the internal landscape of the mind from stagnant to flow. The process of transforming into better version in terms of bounds back to regular life.

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Trauma, Cathy caruth, Post traumatic Growth, Tedeschi and Calhoun, Transition

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This project presents a complete control scheme intended for synchronous compensators operating under these abnormal network conditions. In particular, this control scheme introduces two contributions: a novel reactive current reference generator and a new voltage support control loop. The current reference generator has as a main feature the capacity to supply the required reactive current even when the voltage drops in amplitude during the voltage sag. Thus, a safe system operation is easily guaranteed by fixing the limit required current to the maximum rated current. The voltage control loop is able to implement several control strategies by setting two voltage set points. The two theoretical contributions of this paper have been validated by experimental results. Certainly, the topic of voltage support is open for further research, and the control scheme proposed in this paper can be viewed as an interesting configuration to devise other control strategies in future works.

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Voltage,Network, kalman filters,AC Bus,DC Bus, static synchronous compensator

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After adoption of Constitution, first General Election was conducted in 1951-52. It was a great chance to elect our representatives for first time. Undoubtedly, it is very expensive to conduct election in our country. After tracking the election expenditure, the General Election of 2024 is on track to break the past records and it has become the most expensive electoral event in the world. According to a poll expert, the estimated expenditure is expected to reach a staggering Rs. 1.35 Lakh Crore. It is more than double the Rs 60,000 Crore spent in 2019. Hence, the usefulness of election expenditure must be proven. Hence, It is required to make our elected representatives more accountable, so that they could live up to public expectations. Keeping the election expenses in mind, It is essential to make stern regulations to curb ill practices of horse trading and defection of our leaders. It will minimise the risk of political instability and unethical practices in politics.

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One Nation one Funding, Political Instability, Political Funding, Collegiums, Alliance , Political Defection, Inflation

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A hot dog stand is but stay or semi-permanent structured stand where food items will be sold to the public. Nowadays this type of stand is more useful to the public. This paper presents the design and implementation of a hot-dog stand application using Dart programming language using the Flutter framework. The application aims to streamline the process of ordering and managing hot dogs, providing an intuitive user interface for customers and efficient order management for staff. The application leverages the Flutter framework to create a cross-platform solution that ensures a seamless user experience on both iOS and Android devices.

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- Hot-dog stand, flutter, Dart programming, iOS, Android.

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The reliability of the inspection process is frequently compromised by unauthorized leaks and survey manipulation. This paper necessitates the safekeeping and organization of secure paper, a reliable and expandable system, employing blockchain technology and encryption key releases. The system enhances data privacy and access control by incorporating Shamir's secret sharing algorithms and distributing decryption keys to multiple trusted parties. Access to encrypted paper is restricted unless the specific thresholds are combined using the designated key. This prevents singular fusion or misuse. The platform provides an administrative web interface that enables users to upload encrypted files and assign access roles. The main way of distributing the information is through secure email services, ensuring that it is delivered quickly and kept confidential. Cloud storage is utilized to handle encrypted documents and ensure scalability and availability. The suggested approach can enhance the security, transparency, and dependability of question paper processing and can be customized by educational institutions to optimize the testing system.

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Examination Portal Using Blockchain

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The world is crazy for perfection in every aspect of life, leading to frustration, melancholy, and anguish. Little do we realize that God has created each of us with special, unique features that help us stand out from others. Time and again, we find innumerable examples warning us about the consequences of perfecting ourselves. Still, we set excessively high standards for ourselves and others. We work relentlessly to reach the impossible, perfect ideal. It is advisable to accept our imperfections, choose authenticity over perfection, and live a contented life.

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Imperfection, illusionary perfection, flaws, wabi sabi, repercussions

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Startups are engines of innovation but face disproportionately high failure rates, with 90% failing within five years-- often due to inadequate protection of proprietary knowledge. Trade secrets, such as algorithms, customer insights, and business strategies, offer a cost-effective alternative to patents for early-stage ventures, yet are frequently overlooked due to informal practices, limited resources, and lack of awareness. This paper introduces the SECRETS Model (Startup-Enabled Comprehensive Retention and Trade-secret Strategy), a practical, low-cost framework designed to help startups systematically identify, protect, and manage trade secrets using familiar tools like Google Drive, Notion, and Slack. Through a detailed case study of an AI SaaS startup and statistical validation, we demonstrate a 64% risk reduction, 10x return on investment, and significant improvements in founder awareness and NDA compliance. The SECRETS Model is scalable, sector-adaptable, and implementable in under 12 hours for less than $100--offering a transformative IP protection approach tailored to the realities of early-stage entrepreneurship. We also introduce the SECRETS Readiness Score, a diagnostic tool that quantifies a startup's preparedness to safeguard its intellectual assets. This paper highlights the model's policy and investment implications, advocating for broader adoption through targeted training, automation, and incentive programs.

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Trade Secrets, Intellectual Property, Startups

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