Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for anomaly detection in surveillance videos using YOLOv5, a state-of-the-art object detection model, integrated with deep learning methodologies. The YOLOv5 model is trained on a diverse dataset of normal activities to learn representative features and patterns. Subsequently, anomalies are identified by detecting deviations from the learned normal behaviour present experimental results on benchmark datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method in detecting various anomalies, including intrusions, unusual movements, and abandoned objects. Comparative analysis with existing techniques highlights the superior performance and efficiency of our approach. we discuss practical applications and deployment scenarios of our proposed anomaly detection system, emphasizing its potential contributions to enhancing surveillance capabilities in real-world environments. Finally, we conclude with insights into future research directions aimed at further improving the accuracy, scalability, and adaptability of anomaly detection systems in surveillance videos.

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YOLOV5,OBJECT DETECTION

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Maul-Jubn (Whey), milk water a by-product of the dairy industry was in use since thousands of years as nutraceutical (nutritional pharmaceutical) in the traditional(Unani) system of medicine. For several years it was thought to be insignificant and was either used as an animal feed or it was discarded off as waste material. But Over the last few years several studies were carried out concerning the importance of nutritional value of whey and the properties of its compositions. It is now accepted and proved that its main content, whey proteins, have antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-oxidant properties, can offer a kind of protection against various diseases and assist at the enhancement of defence mechanism of the human body. In Unani medicine the importance of Maul-Jubn in the prevention and treatment was well known to Unani physicians since ancient time, and abundant literature regarding its usage and classical method of preparation have been discussed. The present study attempted to discuss the importance of usage and its preparation of Maul-Jubn in the light of Unani medicine with addition of some recent scientific reports.

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Maul-Jubn, classical ;unani , whey.

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Consider a world in which every physical thing has a virtual doppelganger that learns and evolves alongside its real-world counterpart. This is the power of digital twins: dynamic digital models that mimic physical items, processes, or even entire systems. Sensors placed in the physical object send real-time data to the digital twin, resulting in a continuously updated virtual reflection. This data enables analysis, simulations, and forecasts, revealing a variety of benefits. There are various varieties of digital twins based on the level of product magnification. The core distinction between these twins is their field of application. It is typical to have multiple sorts of digital twins coexisting within a system or process. This study delves deeply into DTs, including their definition, benefits, and drawbacks. It also addresses the existing uses of DTs in many industries such as power-generation equipment, structures and their systems, healthcare services, manufacturing operations, automobile industry, urban planning, and so on, as well as their future potential. The current issues with digital twins include data management, data security, legacy system transition, the issues of connectivity, privacy, and sensitive data protection, as well as the lack of a universal modelling technique.

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Digital Twin, Virtual Twin, Cyber Twin, Digital Shadow, Digital Thread

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In the context of cloud storage, data deduplication is a pivotal technique aimed at reducing storage space by eliminating redundant data. The research paper titled "Efficient Method of Secure Authorized Data Deduplication at Small Block Level Approach in Cloud Storage" presents a novel methodology that enhances both the efficiency and security of deduplication processes. This approach operates at the small block level, ensuring fine-grained deduplication, which significantly improves storage optimization. To address security concerns, the proposed method integrates robust encryption mechanisms and an authorization framework that guarantees only legitimate users can access and deduplicate data. This dual focus on efficiency and security not only minimizes storage costs but also protects sensitive information from unauthorized access. The experimental results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in achieving substantial storage savings while maintaining high levels of data security and access control, making it a viable solution for secure cloud storage systems.

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Deduplication, Small Block Level, Cloud storage, robust encryption

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Electricity theft can be as extortion (meter altering), taking (unlawful associations), charging inconsistencies, and neglected bills. Evaluations of the degree of electricity theft in an example of 102 nations for 1980 and 2000 are embraced. The proof shows that theft is expanding in many areas of the world. The monetary effects of theft are diminished pay from the offer of electricity and the need to charge more to purchasers. Electricity theft is firmly connected with administration markers, with more elevated levels of theft in nations without successful responsibility, political unsteadiness, low government viability and elevated degrees of debasement. Electricity theft can be decreased by applying specialized arrangements, for example, sealed meters, administrative strategies like review and observing, and now and again rebuilding power frameworks possession and guideline. In combination with the engineered minority oversampling method (Destroyed) calculation, a bunch of virtual strange perceptions were produced as the execution for preparing the TSRNN model. The power utilization record was portrayed with the sharp information (ARP), the pinnacle information (PEA), and the shoulder information (SHO). In the TSRNN design structure, an essential organization unit was shaped with three info hubs connected to one secret neuron for extricating information highlights from the three trademark factors. For time-series examination, the TSRNN structure was re-framed by coursing the essential unit. Each secret hub was planned getting information from both the ongoing information neurons and the time-previous neuron, in this way to shape a mix of organization connecting loads for versatile tuning. The issue of customary or shrewd energy meters control focusing to impact the power framework activity and dependability is known as the energy theft (ENT) issue. This issue has happened to significant significance in numerous nations from one side of the planet to the other. The energy theft is occurring for the most part in transmission and dissemination level. To diminish the effect of energy theft, there are numerous strategies that have been proposed in the writing. This paper presents a best in class review for the energy theft issue arrangement.

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Power Theft, Energy theft, Power Systems, IOT, Distribution, Electrical Theft.

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Machine learning is an artificial intelligence technology that educates systems to identify patterns from data and generate inferences or decisions without explicit programming. This approach is similar to teaching machines how to learn and think autonomously. Traditional English education emphasizes on writing and grammar instead of vocal language learning. As a result, while many Chinese students perform well on written exams, few can speak English successfully in everyday situations. With the increase in around the world relations, the importance placed on language as an instrument of communication has underlined the value of spoken language training. To help students practice their pronunciation outside of school, an English pronunciation detection tool is presented. Only proper pronunciation can help users convey their ideas clearly. As a result, the primary outcome of oral language learning is the development of pronunciation.

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Pronunciation Detection, Speech Recognition, Language Instruction, Communication Skills, Artificial Intelligence.

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A study on the dynamics of the Aedes aegypti mosquito population and the potential time for the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the Medan City Landscape has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the effect of environmental quality (temperature, relative humidity) in the Medan city landscape (village, suburban, city) on population dynamics of Aedes Aegypti and analyzing the relationship between environmental data and population dynamics data in order to see the potential time (months) for the spread of dengue fever in the city of Medan. The used methodology: direct observation: environmental parameter measurement (temperature, relative humidity), population dynamics (the number of egg-larvae, larvae-pupa, pupa-adult), the design used: Factorial Completely Random Design (CRD): landscape and observation month, 6 repetitions, Duncan test 5%, analyzed with SPSS 20 computer program. The research results, population dynamics (the number of egg-larvae, larvae-pupa, and pupa-adult) of A. aegypti. is high in village (92.66%-96,00%, 90,00%-92,61%, 90,00%-92,61%) followed by suburbs (86,59%-89,37%, 87,78%-91,65%, 87,78%-91,65%) and the lowest is in the city (76,00%-78,12%, 76,00%-78,12%, 76,00%-78,12%). The village landscape has high potential for DHF transmission compared to suburbs and the city with the same spread month potential: September and January. Correlated temperature (-) to A. Aegypti population dynamics an increase in temperature causing a decrease (the number of egg-larvae, larvae-pupa and pupa-adult), in the other hand, relative humidity is correlated (+), to population dynamic of A. aegypti; an increase in relative humidity causing an increase (the number of egg-larvae, larvae-pupa, and pupa -adult).

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Aedes Aegypti, Dynamics Population, Landscape, Dynamics, Survival

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This literature review comprehensively evaluates the efficacy, safety, and future prospects of medicated, herbal, and polyherbal antifungal creams in the management of fungal infections. The review synthesizes current evidence from clinical trials, observational studies, and experimental research to provide insights into the mechanisms of action, comparative efficacy, safety profiles, advantages, and disadvantages of these formulations. Key findings highlight the diverse therapeutic properties of herbal and polyherbal creams, alongside the established efficacy of medicated formulations. Moreover, the review discusses emerging trends in antifungal therapy, including the development of novel drug delivery systems and strategies for combating antifungal resistance. This synthesis of existing literature aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and healthcare stakeholders about the evolving landscape of antifungal creams and guide future research directions.

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Anti fungal, Poly-herbal, herbal, Theraputic properties, Fungal infections

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Globalization tends to be an effort to integrate the economies of the whole world. It advocates for liberal economic reforms, openness and market economy. The global players of economy are required to eschew the policy of economic nationalism and an atmosphere of economic competition needs to be created. Globalization is expected to establish economic order and tranquility in the globe. The pressing issues of human development, human security and human development can also be addressed effectively. But the stark reality is totally different. Globalization has opened the way for uneven and unhealthy competition, abject economic discrimination and deprivation in the world economy. Economically affluent and prosperous countries are now solely responsible for the economic subjugation of the poor and economically weak nations. Even, due to the rapid pace of economics, globalization, sovereignty and independence of the developing and backward countries of the world are facing stiff challenges. Numerous impediments and ill-effects of globalization can be noticed, and this write-up makes an attempt to highlight the issues and concerns related to globalization. The main focus of this academic pursuit is to identify the hard realities of human insecurity noticeable throughout the entire globe.

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Key Words: Globalization, human insecurity, discrimination and deprivation

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Progressive collapse is the propagation of initial failure from one component to another, ultimately leading to the complete collapse of a structure. "It is due to vehicle impacts, fires, earthquakes, and other natural or human-made hazards "Collapse leads to huge proportions of impropriate triggers in the structures which make structures unequipped for withstanding loads and it prompts the collapse of the structure. The study displays the use of FEM-based software (ETABS) to analyse the special moment resisting frame of a 5-story building in Zone V as per GSA guidelines. It involves linear dynamic and non-linear analysis of the medium soil. The calculation of story drift and story shears is essential for determining the potential for the progressive collapse of a structure. It is seen that the outcomes from non-linear static examination are substantially more significant than straight powerful investigation.

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Progressive Collapse, Vertical Structure, General Service Administration, Determination of Capacity Ratio, Structural Members.

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18th verses, 24 verses,25 verses of Hanuman Chalisa, reality, not paradoxical, Hanuman Chalisa 40 verse is Scientifically proven.This is written by Goswami tulsidas in Ramcharitramanas in Sunderkand.It i s so because in Hanuman Chalisa firstly calculated the distance between the sun and Earth(153600000 km)(18th verse).Our ancient holy monks have a good knowledge of Science, yoga, culture and Sadhna or meditation. They utilise equinoxial and sidereal estimation during solar eclipse to calculate this. Albert Einstein also suggested for calculation by taking the Sun and velocity of light as a frame of reference. According to Aadi guru Shankrachrya observer(nearby star) affects the observation(wrt Sun) during this time. Because of this reason calculation of Solar year In' Surya Sidhant ' is 365 days,6 hours,12 min and 36.56 sec. Which is only 1.4 sec off from modern value. Duration of Day and night is 23 hours,56 min and 4 sec which is 4 min shorter than modern value. This is because of the quantum delayed choice observer effect of nearby stars. However Lunar years vary. The concept of Einstein's" Energy may create matter" is mentioned in Vairabh Tantra Sanhita(Rudraktantra Sanhita).In the lab, we can easily show this through the Young double slit experiment and polarization of monochromatic light. It is a misconception about the fiction story of the grandfather paradox of Albert Einstein. In this when a grandson goes into the past through time travel from the present and kills his grandfather then the intermediate reality vanishes. In reality, it is not possible which is given in these 24 verses. In this case (I) the entropy of the grandson will be greater than before because of the second law of thermodynamics which depicts the Entropy of the Universe increases and(ii) the Unidirectional arrow of time. (iii)Entropy is a Scalar quantity means if displacement becomes zero even then its value is always additive. (iv) Entropy is a thermodynamic function (v) When goes into the past new reality or matter will be created -Stephen Hawking(vi) when goes into past their arrow of time line will be different . So in this verse by calculating the sun's distance from earth and good knowledge of the Holy book Goswami Tulsidas only wants to say that positive Scientific thinking and belief in good karma and faith in the well wishes of God can melt and hence vanish misconception.So this verse does not indicate or favour any type of Paradox or Superstition.In a story related to this(verses24) a devil named Triemvkasur had god blessing from Lord Brahma. Lord Visnu and Lord Shiva to make a clone of anything.He utilises his blessing in wrongly make clones of these God starts fighting with them.He has a capacity to create multiverse.When Hanuman was appeared before them he has build their clone of Hanumanji who is slightly black colour.At three lord convinced them to do better work.Clone of Hanumanji on pleasure of accept the proposal of God but because of his devil energy he cannot perform betterly .In this case hanumanji itself make his own clone and combine with the clone of Triembkasur made Hanuman Clone and unite togather .After that All three Lord Brahma. Vishnu and Shiva combinedly gave them blessings. In this way, Shyama Hanumanji was created. It is believed that he can melt all types of negative effects on mankind who worship them. In this case, Three three-dimensional concepts with Tringle law of vector addition along with the presence of a multiverse[more than one Lord Brahma(God of Time)Vishnu (Entropy)and Shiva(Black body) ]and positive(Clone of Hanumanji) and negative energy(clone of Triembkasur) is mentioned(Dirack Law).In the ancient times in Vairabh Tantra Sanhita(Rudraktantra Sanhita) mentioned energy create matter. TThe holy monk was so non-violent, eco-friendly cleannes, green,peace, prosperity and humanity lover(25 verses) that he has not suggested or favour the mechanism of matter may create energy. Because they knew it may cause annihilation ex the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks during World War 2.He has also the Knowledge of light pollution (gosvaami tulaseedaas krt sankatamochan hanumaanaashtak-1).Due to light pollution, Dung beetles have a problem in searching locant of their niche. They use milky way galaxies light.Presence of Compound eye mosaic vision a special feature of arthropods make them possible.This is the best natural example of Shankrachrya's Quote observer affects the observation. This means yoga, meditation and Sadhna may uplift the prosperity of human beings and any nation including of flora and fauna and the whole Biosphere.In Panchdashi Granth it is mention that any ntural phenomenon in reality may feels miracle if we have no idea of the Scientific reason behind this but as the time passes it will feels reality. In hanuman chalisa ''Vidyavan guni ati chatur Ram kaj karibe ko aatur(7) is mentioned.jaay hanuman gyan gun sagar" [2] means he is the God of wisdom. "sukshama room dhari siyahi dikhawa vikat roop dhari lank jarawa" this shows his adaptability skill."laaye sanjivan lakhan jiyaaye'' means he has the knowledge of herbs also."raam kaaj karibo ko aatur""raam kaaj kinhe bina mohe kaha bishram" .This shows his unidirectional dedication and devotion towards Lord Ram."tum upakaar sugreewahi keenha, raam milaai raja pada deenha'' in this verses of Hanuman ji shows his intuition power of anything happening in future.Sugreev suspected Rama & Laxman, who were carrying archeries with them, to be sent by Bali to kill him. Thus, he ordered Hanuman to kill them. Before following the order, Hanuman checked whether this action was needed. Following his intuition to establish the real identity of Rama & Laxman, he approached the two disguises and discovered that Rama & Laxman were searching for Goddess Sita, who was kidnapped by Ravan. He found his intuition power that shows its reality in future. Mahavir Vikram Bajrangi,Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi means he is physically, and mentally strong and belive and adopts satsang and follow positivity.Each and every line of Hanuman chalisa is Scientifically proven and does not have any feasibility of a miracle .This is the Gems of the holy book Ramcharitmanas written by Goswami Tulsidas.

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18 verses of hanuman chalisa,24 verses of hanuman chalisa,25 verses of hanuman chalisa,all 40 verses of hanuman chalisa,reality and scientifically proven holy 40 verses, not paradoxial

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Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy that has been widely applied in various industries and sectors to improve the quality of products and services. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in applying TQM principles to the field of education, particularly in teacher education institutions. This research paper aims to explore the application of TQM principles in teacher education institutions in Assam, with a focus on the benefits and challenges of implementing TQM in these institutions.

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Total Quality Management (TQM), Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs), Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), Assam

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In recent years there has been an increasing demand for solutions of the general three-body problem in various astrophysical situations. For example, binaries and their interactions with single stars play a major role in the evolution of star clusters. Triple stellar systems are another obvious astrophysical three-body problem. Many other astrophysical bodies, ranging from compact bodies to galaxies, occur in triple systems. At present time, three body astrophysics is primarily motivated by the need to understand the role of binaries in the evolution of stellar systems because mathematically ideal solution for the three-body problem is of no use i.e., Sundman's series solution which has extremely slow convergence. In this paper we have implemented the numerical integration method in python for two body problem for understanding the implementation and then extended it to higher body problem (three and four body). Here we have used Odeint package of Scipy library in Python to solve the equation of motion for bodies under gravitation. By observations of the results of computer simulations, it is found that this problem got some patterns when observed over a very long interval of time. Particularly in problems of astrophysical importance, one may almost always identify a binary and a third body. A binary can be treated as a single entity with certain internal properties (component masses, energy and angular momentum, as well as orientation in space) and this system and third body makes themselves effective binary.

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Binaries, Convergence, Star Clusters, Odeint Package, Python.

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Kerala's developmental approach is unique in India since it places equal emphasis on social justice and economic progress. Significant advancements in health, life expectancy, literacy, and women's status have been made possible by this focus on social variables. Kerala is a fascinating scenario with strong social indicators for women's health and education. Despite these advancements, the Kerala model presents a complex picture for women. While social indicators are high, economic opportunities for women remain limited. Labour force participation for women is lower compared to the national average, and they are often concentrated in informal or low-paying jobs. Furthermore, despite high literacy rates, translating education into leadership positions in government or industry remains a challenge. The paper analyses to what extent the Kerala budget 2024-25 addresses the needs and aspirations of women and how effective are its allocations in promoting women empowerment. The research article is a doctrinal work with a vivid study of the Kerala budget 2024-25 along with various research articles related to women empowerment.

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Women empowerment, Allocation of funds, Budget 2023-24, Budget 2024-25, Labour Participation, girl child development.

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The abstract provides an overview of herbal soap, its ingredients, formulation, pharmacological effects, and comparison with cosmetic soap. Herbal soap incorporates natural plant extracts and essential oils known for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties. Ingredients like neem, tulsi, reetha, and shikekai offer therapeutic benefits for skin care. The formulation process involves melting glycerin soap, adding essential oils and dried herbs, and pouring the mixture into molds. Evaluation methods include organoleptic and physical properties assessment. Pharmacological effects include antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, moisturizing, wound healing, soothing, exfoliating, antifungal effects, and aromatherapeutic benefits. Active pharmaceutical ingredients like neem and tulsi contain chemical constituents with medicinal properties. Comparing herbal soap with cosmetic soap reveals differences in ingredients, purpose, chemical content, skin benefits, environmental impact, price, usage, and preservatives. Herbal soap focuses on natural, gentle, and therapeutic skincare, while cosmetic soap emphasizes fragrance and appearance. Overall, herbal soap offers a natural and beneficial alternative for skincare, catering to individuals seeking gentle and effective solutions for their skin concerns.

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Herbal soap, Ingredients, Formulation, Pharmacological effects, Comparison

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging from 10-9 meters, have gained attention due to their unique Physico-chemical properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly attractive due to their optical, electrical, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for various industries such as biosensors, composite fibers, superconducting materials, medical imaging, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. AgNPs' antibacterial action is the most studied, offering new pharmaco therapeutic perspectives in the context of rising resistance to pathogenic bacteria. Green synthesis is more beneficial than traditional chemical synthesis due to its cost-effectiveness, reduced pollution, and improved environmental and human health safety. Tagetes erecta, also known as "marigold," is a popular plant known for its decorative qualities and carotenoids extraction. It has a rich history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in Mexico and South America, for curing various diseases. Microorganisms attack fiber only when the fiber is damp, and synthetic fibers repel microorganisms due to their high aquaphobicity. However, textiles contain cotton fiber, which can cause microbial growth, causing irritation and smell problems. To protect fabrics from bacterial growth, eco-friendly methods are needed, including medical garments, sanitary napkins, socks, underwear, disposable wipes, and carpets.

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Silver nanoparticles, Tagetes erecta, pigment, antimicrobial and colour fastness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Arshas in modern concept can be compared with piles or hemorrhoids. Haemorrhoids are varicosity of the plexus of rectal veins lying under mucosa. Due to various etiological factors the hemorrhoid venous plexuses get constricted and after some time they get elongated due to the pressure exerted on them resulting in the formation of haemorrhoids at different positions in the ano-rectal region. the ancient acharyas i.e. sushruta, charaka, chakradutta, vangasena were explained curative measures for management of Arshas. Among them one local application is undertaken for the present study, known as "Pippalyadi Lepam." The local application was applied to relieve the inflammation and indurations of the pile masses. The ingredients of this preparation acts directly on the arshas. Apart from this, it also relieves pain, reduction of pile masses, arresting of local bleeding and relief from other symptoms. The statistical analysis reveals that therapy is effective in Arshas to stop Bleeding, to relieving Pain, and Itching.

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Arshas, Haemorrhoids, Pippalyadi Lepam

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In the actual world of temperature measurement and control, the calibration of thermocouples employing RTD and thermistors is extremely important. Many industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and scientific research, depend on accurate temperature sensors. Although thermocouples are commonly used because to their robustness and adaptability, accuracy issues are frequently encountered. The potential of this effort to overcome these issues by creating a novel calibration process makes it significant. The research attempts to improve thermocouple measurement precision by incorporating thermistors and Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) into the calibration procedure.

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Temperature Measurement, Error Detection

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production, leading to hyperglycemia. With the increasing prevalence of T2DM worldwide, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and effective therapeutic agents. In silico drug design techniques have emerged as powerful tools in the drug discovery pipeline, facilitating the identification and optimization of potential drug candidates. This review provides a comprehensive overview of in silico methods employed in the discovery of anti-diabetic agents targeting various proteins and pathways implicated in T2DM pathogenesis. We discuss structure-based drug design (SBDD) approaches, including molecular docking, virtual screening, and pharmacophore modeling, as well as ligand-based drug design (LBDD) techniques such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling and similarity searching. Additionally, we highlight the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in drug design for T2DM. Furthermore, we examine the integration of in silico methods with experimental techniques and the challenges associated with in silico drug design for T2DM. Finally, we provide insights into future perspectives and the potential impact of in silico approaches on the development of novel anti-diabetic therapies.

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type 2 diabetes mellitus; in silico drug design; structure-based drug design; ligand-based drug design; molecular docking; virtual screening; pharmacophore modeling; QSAR; machine learning; artificial intelligence

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Due to the shift or changing pattern in the family structure or institution, India is lacking in a certain problem that is providing care for the elderly people. With this unique problem, "old age home" has emerged as a new hope for the elderly section of our society. Therefore, the need for studying the old age homes has significantly increased in the research domain. This paper examined the factors that have enforced the elderly section to live in old age homes. This study is carried out in Bareilly district with 74 number of respondents. Purposive sampling along with the case study is used to enhance the quality of the research. A semi-structured interview schedule is followed to collect the data from the respondents. The present paper has covered an old age home from the Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh. The study revealed that most of the respondents were widow, illiterate and from rural background. The common factors pushing them to OAHs are abuse from their family, health issues, financial problems, tarnished self-respect and many more.

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illiterate; old age homes; elderly; institution

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