Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Life is not same for all. Women face discrimination and face competition in every sectors of their lives. Every day thousands of women struggle to earn their living especially because of the competition with the men of the society. Women as hawkers are truly vulnerable to a no. of exploitations and harassments. Nearly thousands of women especially from the later middle aged group take up vendoring in local trains to sustain from their poverty. The research selected 3 respondents who hawk in the main line trains running in between Barrackpore and Sealdah, adopting convenient sampling and study their living conditions. These respondents were interviewed and participant observation method was followed. It is noted that the train hawkers follow the Railway Act and get the licenses through Sealdah Hawkers Union. The study mainly focuses on everyday life of these three female hawkers and the complexities that led them to be in this informal sector. The study also examines how they face the vulnerabilities of exploitations. . Everyone constantly puts a man before women no matter how much efforts she put in for balancing everything. Women and men face unequal treatment all over the world in all sectors of their lives. So it is important to know more about these unnoticed lives which we see every day.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender inequality, daily hardships, hassle, harassment, exploitation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

18s rRNA, Microscopy, Malaria Diagnosis, Plasmodium falciparum, Children, Nigeria, Molecular Diagnostics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper delves into the critically acclaimed film Avatar, directed by James Cameron. Released in 2009, the film captured worldwide attention for its groundbreaking visual effects, immersive storytelling, and thought-provoking themes. The paper delves into the film's narrative structure, thematic depth, visual spectacle, and environmental allegory, offering an extensive examination of its significance in contemporary cinema. By exploring the film from multiple angles, we gain insights into its impact on the film industry, its social commentary, and its role in shaping public discourse on environmental issues. The paper on the movie Avatar has yielded several significant findings that contribute to a deeper understanding of the film's impact and relevance. Through an extensive analysis of Avatar's technological advancements, the paper uncovered ground-breaking developments in 3D technology and visual effects. It was found that the movie is revolutionized in the use of 3D in cinema, setting new standards for immersive viewing experiences. The research paper also explored the film's innovative use of motion capture techniques, revealing the level of detail and realism achieved in the portrayal of the film's characters and performances. Additionally, the paper examined the film's narrative and thematic elements, revealing the profound cultural and social impact of Avatar. The research identified the film's environmental message and its ability to spark discussions and raise awareness about the importance of ecological conservation and sustainability. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on Avatar's global reception and influence, uncovering its significant commercial success and its enduring popularity among audiences. The findings of this research paper provide valuable insights into the movie's technological achievements, thematic depth, and cultural impact, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of its significance in the realm of cinema.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Avatar, Environmentalism, Colonization, Cultural Impact, Technological Innovations, Film Industry, 3D Technology.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper critically examines the trajectory of feminist protest in Nayantara Sahgal's novels A Time to Be Happy (1958), This Time of Morning (1965), and Rich Like Us (1985). The study examines the development of female resistance through the text and theory of these works in an elaborate textual and theoretical analysis to outline a transitional point between vague psychological resistance and distinct political and personal disobedience. By placing the narratives of Sahgal in the larger socio-political scenario in the post-independence India, the present paper focuses on the interaction of gender, class and politics and bring to the fore the role of Sahgal as a feminist literary critic. Relying on feministic theories of such thinkers as Beauvoir, Crenshaw, Spivak, et al., the paper establishes the importance of literature as an effective expression force and the tool of developing feminist awareness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Feminist Resistance, Indian English Literature, Postcolonial Women's Writing, Autonomous Female Identity, Gender and Power Dynamics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This anti-ageing face serum is a scientifically formulated skincare solution designed to target visible signs of ageing, including fine lines, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Enriched with potent active ingredients such as vitamins A and E, Essential fatty acid, retinol, and antioxidants, the serum works to deeply hydrate the skin, stimulate collagen production, and protect against environmental stressors. Lightweight and fast absorbing, the formula penetrates the skin's surface to promote a smoother, firmer, and more radiant complexion. Suitable for all skin types, this serum offers a non-invasive approach to youthful, revitalized skin with regular use. The face serum was formulated using standard excipient including apricot oil, glycerine, coconut oil, sandalwood oil, olive oil and preservatives. The final antiaging formulation was tested for anti its antiaging activity and stability. The results demonstrated promising antiaging property with minimal risk of side effects supporting the efficacy of serum combination as cost effective and safe alternative for treating aging of face skin.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Enriched, Firmer, Minimal, Non-invasive, Potent, Revitalized, Stressors.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Government. The technology providers and providers of rural centric offerings would have to come together and create an integrated approach aimed at expanding the rural economy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transforming, Rural, Digital Technology, NGOs.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the fourteenth century, a great personality was born in the land of India. Whose fame will remain until the Day of Judgment. The name of this great personality is Amir Khusro. Amir Khusro was a versatile personality, a great poet, who blessed the Persian language and literature in India with new ideas and imaginations. He was an expert linguist. He had knowledge of many languages of India.He had knowledge of Sanskrit, Lahori, Gujarati etc. He was a musician who invented many musical instruments and many new melodies himself. He was also an experienced soldier who guided the Muslim sultans of Delhi in improving their military system. He was a politician who provided useful advice to the princes and sultans in maintaining the order and order of the empire. He was a Sufi who was so engrossed in the love of his mentor Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya that he spent six months before Hazrat Khwaja passed away.Immediately after that, he called this world "Alo Daa". The following poem can well convey his inner state.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ameer Khusro is a Historian

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Employment Generation and Tribal Participation : In the context of Rajasthan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employment Generation and Tribal Participation : In the context of Rajasthan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rights of Indigenous peoples have gained increasing international recognition in recent decades. These communities, often marginalized and dispossessed of land and identity, have distinct cultural, linguistic, and historical identities. This paper explores the evolution of Indigenous rights from a global to a national context, focusing on international legal instruments, state obligations, and the specific scenario in India. It also addresses contemporary challenges and suggests ways to strengthen Indigenous rights protection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indigenous people, India, rights, linguistic, historical identities, cultural identity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social media platforms have revolutionized how individuals, particularly college students, access and consume information. This paper explores the impact of social media on the information-seeking behaviour of college students, focusing on their preferences, challenges, and outcomes. By analysing recent literature and survey data, the study highlights the dual role of social media as a tool for academic growth and a source of misinformation. Recommendations to optimize social media for effective information-seeking are also discussed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social media, information-seeking behaviour, college students, academic resources, digital literacy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Amblyopia, commonly known as "lazy eye," is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired vision, often due to misalignment, refractive issues, or other visual deficits. Early detection is critical to prevent long-term vision impairment. This project proposes a dual model approach leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance amblyopia diagnosis through both image-based and genetic risk analysis. The first model utilizes an image classifier to analyze eye images, identifying physical markers of amblyopia using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or Vision Transformers. The second model incorporates Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms to evaluate genetic predispositions and familial risk factors, offering a probabilistic assessment of a child's susceptibility to developing amblyopia. A hybrid model integrates both the image-based and genetic-risk predictions, producing a unified risk score to improve diagnostic accuracy. This comprehensive diagnostic framework holds potential for early detection of amblyopia and a more personalized, predictive approach to pediatric eye care. By combining visual and genetic data, the proposed method aims to provide clinicians with a robust tool to address amblyopia risk more accurately and efficiently.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Amblyopia, Artificial Intelligence, Convolutional Neural Networks, Image Classification, Genetic Risk Prediction, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Hybrid Model, Vision Transformers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstracts: Mysore city is positioned well in tourism but its cluster has to be focused more to improve its promotional activities and facilities for attracting more number of international tourists. Tourism has become the world's largest industry, generating wealth and employment, opening the minds of both visitors and the visited to different ways of life. India has strong signs of becoming one of the emerging giants in world tourism. The main objectives of the study are to highlight the theoretical background of tourism industry in Mysore City: In general and to analyze demographic profile of tourist and to assess the tourist insights in different dimensions to visit Mysore city and also to study the different tourist places and the overall perception of tourists towards in Mysore city. Therefore finally this study covers the tourist perceptions towards Mysore city. To study the growth and development of tourist accommodation in Mysore city, To analyze the spatial distribution of accommodation in study area, the present study has been collected from primary data was collected by on the basis issue of questionnaire, and use sampling methods by visited few hotels and restaurants and gathered the information which is relevant to my study. Finally this study results majority of the tourist has strongly agreed and positive opinions about all tourist services available in Mysore City.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Tourism Development, Accommodation, Spatial Analysis and Mysore city

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bioactive substances with potential antibacterial effects are abundant in red algae. In order to determine the antibacterial activity of a few red algae species, this study will analyze their proximate composition and biochemistry. Using conventional analytical techniques, the proximate composition--which includes moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate content--was estimated. Biochemical components were also measured. By employing the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of red algal extracts was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungal pathogens. The findings showed that in addition to bioactive substances with antibacterial qualities, red algae also contain substantial amounts of proteins and carbs. Increased antibacterial and antifungal action, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The comparatively low lipid content suggests that the antibacterial actions are caused by non-lipid bioactive molecules. One of the examined species showed greater inhibitory zones, indicating that it might be used as a natural antibacterial. In response to worries about antibiotic resistance, the results of this study demonstrate the possibility of red algal extracts as a substitute for manufactured antimicrobials. It is advised that more study be done on the characterization and purification of active chemicals in order to investigate their potential uses in industry and medicine. This study adds to the increasing interest in marine bioresources as long-term antibacterial agent sources.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Red algae, antimicrobial activity, proximate composition, bioactive compounds, phenolics, flavonoids

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into language education is reshaping traditional approaches to English language acquisition, especially within multilingual contexts such as India. This study investigates the impact of AI-powered tools--ChatGPT, Duolingo, and Grammarly--on improving linguistic competence, motivation, and learner autonomy among Indian engineering undergraduates. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study involved 120 intermediate-level English learners from engineering colleges across India. Quantitative data from pre- and post-tests assessing grammar, vocabulary, and writing skills were complemented by qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews and learner diaries. Results revealed statistically significant gains in all measured competencies in the experimental group, with enhanced learner engagement and self-directed learning. Nevertheless, challenges such as digital access disparities and over-dependence on AI tools persist. This article contributes to current discourse on AI-assisted language acquisition and offers context-sensitive pedagogical recommendations tailored to Indian bilingual and technical education settings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering Students, English Language Skills, Language Learning Tools, India, Educational Technology, Bilingual Education

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Post Surgical wound infection is a rare but serious post-surgical complication. The basic line of treatment for dushta vrana is adopted here to manage the surgical site infected wound includes vranashodhana (wound cleaning) followed by vranaropana (wound healing). Ayurveda has effective internal medicines and local applications for the management of dushtavrana.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Post-Surgical Infection Management using Ayurvedic Herbs: A Review

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) abnormalities are commonly encountered in medical practice and represent a gateway to diagnosing a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. Understanding deviations in Hb levels--either elevated or decreased--requires a meticulous and methodical clinical approach. This article focuses on providing a comprehensive, stepwise diagnostic strategy for evaluating abnormal hemoglobin values, with an emphasis on interpreting red cell indices such as mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Diagnostic algorithms and decision trees are presented as clinical flowcharts to aid real-time diagnosis and enhance physician decision-making.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hemoglobin, Anemia, Polycythemia, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Diagnostic Algorithm, Clinical Decision Tree, CBC Reading, CBC interpretation, High Hb(Hemoglobin), Low Hb.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With urban populations projected to reach 68% of the global total by 2050, cities face unprecedented challenges in managing transportation, energy, public safety, and citizen services. Big Data analytics is pivotal in smart city development, enabling real-time, data-driven solutions to enhance urban efficiency and quality of life. This paper investigates Big Datas transformative impact through a comprehensive literature review and case studies from Singapore, Copenhagen, Dubai, and Toronto. We explore applications in traffic management, energy optimization, crime prevention, and citizen engagement, while addressing challenges such as data privacy, interoperability, and social equity. Our findings underscore Big Datas potential to revolutionize urban ecosystems, emphasizing the need for ethical and technical frameworks to ensure inclusive and sustainable outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Big Data Smart Cities Urban Innovation Data-Driven Decision Making IoT (Internet of Things) Urban Analytics Sustainable Development Intelligent Transportation Systems Smart Infrastructure Real-Time Data Urban Planning Digital Governance Predictive Analytics Data Integration Urban Mobility

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. The UN sustainable development goals approved by the UN general assembly in September 2015 to secure all round development to the marginalized and maintain environment sustainability. Women have a vital role in development and environment sustainability therefore their participation is essential to achieve sustainable development. Gender Equality is a fundamental human right as well as it is necessary for Sustainable World and it is a significant goal of Sustainable Development Goals. Indian women always remain underprivileged group in accessing the economic, political and socio-cultural rights because of the patriarchal nature of Indian society. Therefore, the focus of the paper is to explore the present scenario of Gender Equality in India in comparison to the other countries of the various parts of the world. The study is exploratory and analysed qualitatively by using secondary data resources. The paper is expected to help policy makers and civil society to understand the significance of Women Empowerment and Gender Equality in the successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals, Gender Equality, Human Right, Women Empowerment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Carolina Curriculum (Infant & Toddler) intervention to improve developmental milestones among children with developmental delay. METHOD: A Quasi-Experimental (Single group Pretest- Posttest) design was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling was used for the study. 25 children with developmental delay ranging between the age group 2- 5 years were included in the study. Developmental milestones of the participants were assessed (pre-test) using the Carolina Curriculum for Infant and Toddler with Special Needs (CCITSN). The Carolina Curriculum intervention was given to the participants, with a duration of 1hour per session, five days a week for 12 weeks for each child. Developmental milestones of the participants were reassessed (post-test) using Carolina Curriculum for Infant and Toddler with Special Needs (CCITSN). The pre-test and post- test developmental milestones were analysed and interpreted. RESULTS: Based on the analysis, there were significant changes observed in the developmental milestones and most of the improvements had been shown in motor skills [upright: posture & locomotion (96%), prone on stomach (84%), bilateral skills (76%)], and cognitive skills [problem solving (76%), and Attention & Memory: Visual/ Spatial skills (72%)]. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that Carolina Curriculum interventions are effective in improving developmental milestones among children with developmental delay.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Carolina Curriculum Intervention, Developmental Milestone, Developmental Delay, Motor skills and Cognitive skills.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Shalya Tantra is one of the major branches of Ayurveda that deals with surgical care, combining traditional surgical techniques with holistic treatment methods. Drawing its foundation from classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Sushruta Samhita, it includes procedures like cutting, removal, stitching, and cauterization using herbal-based preparations. These interventions are supported by internal and external herbal therapies aimed at enhancing healing, minimizing complications, and reducing the chances of recurrence. Shalya Tantra provides solutions for a broad spectrum of conditions, including disorders of the anal region, bone injuries, and various types of wounds. It gives equal importance to the care before and after surgery to ensure smooth and complete recovery. By merging time-tested principles with practical utility, Shalya Tantra continues to show promise as a valuable approach in today's evolving healthcare systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Shalya Tantra, Ayurveda, surgical techniques

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition