Volume 12 | Issue 6

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Abstract Background Giving birth to a child is the yearning of every woman and if this wish is not fulfilled, it is associated with lots of psychological problems such as anger, betrayal, guilt, sadness, jealousy, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life. Society always expects that a couple will have a child just after their marriage, but it is actually very destructive and heart-breaking feeling that they want to have children but they cannot. Infertility can be a stressful experience. Some research Trusted Source suggests that stress may impact the likelihood of conceiving, although there is not enough evidence to confirm a causative link. Some medical issues affecting fertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may also increase the risk of depression. Research suggests that depression and anxiety may be three times higher in infertility women receiving treatment. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY ? To assess the Psychological Distress among infertile women ? To find out association between the psychological distress among infertile women with selected socio demographic variables Methodology The study used a non-experimental methodology, a descriptive cross sectional research design and a non-randomized purposive sampling technique. 30 infertile women assessed by using DASS-21, along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, in order to gather data from respondents. The tool had 21 items that assessed Psychological Distress. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the outcomes. Results Based on the study's findings, mild psychological distress among infertile women undergoing treatment at selected infertile clinics depression 28 (6.66%), anxiety 12 (40.00%). Psychological distress among infertile women and association with socio-demographic variables, educational status and monthly income shows significant and other socio-demographic variables found no significant at 0.05 (5%) level. Interpretation and Conclusion Infertility can cause psychologically distress, emotionally stress and financial difficulties for both partners. Typical reactions to infertility include shock, sadness, depression, anger and frustration, loss of self-esteem and self-confidence and a general loss of sense of control. The diagnosis of infertility can be an overwhelming burden for women. This diagnosis may lead to major psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Therefore, women should be offered counseling and support as they undergo infertility treatment. It has been well documented that psychological interventions for women with infertility have the capacity to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression and significantly increase pregnancy rates.

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Key Words: Assess, Psychological Distress, infertile women and infertility clinics

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This study aims to analyse the geographical distribution and socio-economic conditions of tribal populations in Central India, encompassing states such as Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, parts of Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. As per analysis of data from the 2021 Census of India, the research indicates the demographic patterns, literacy rates, employment status, housing conditions, access to basic amenities, migration trends, and health indicators. The findings reveal significant regional disparities, with Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand having the highest proportions of tribal populations, but also facing substantial socio-economic challenges, including high poverty rates, low literacy rates, and inadequate access to healthcare facilities and basic amenities. Gender disparities in literacy and health indicators are particularly pronounced, highlighting the need for targeted educational and healthcare interventions. The study also underscores the importance of inclusive development policies that respect and preserve the cultural heritage of tribal communities while addressing their socio-economic needs. By providing a detailed analysis of tribal demographics and socio-economic conditions, this research aims to inform policymakers and development practitioners in designing effective strategies to improve the living conditions and promote the socio-economic development of tribal populations in Central India.

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Tribal populations, Central India, socio-economic conditions, geographical distribution, census data, poverty, literacy, healthcare, migration, cultural preservation.

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In aircraft autopilot designing, it is crucial to evaluate its stability and control of the system. In order to derive transfer function of a control system the behaviour of the system should be derived into mathematical form. In this paper the model of Boeing 747-200 is considered with the transfer functions of longitudinal modes and how elevator deflection affects system stability. Initially we figure out system stability with the help of poles location, root locus and bode plot. In order to find step response, we used unity feedback system in the Simulink. The step response of not as per the aircraft requirement as it is not settling at 1. Therefore, we designed PID controller in order to make our system stable.

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PID controller, Boeing 747, Longitudinal control

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The rise of financial technology (fintech) is revolutionizing the financial sector, and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are a significant aspect of this transformation. A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a digital version of legal tender issued by a central bank. It holds the same value as traditional fiat currency and can be exchanged on a one-to-one basis with it. The key distinction lies in its digital form.1 This paper explores the rationale for India adopting a CBDC, discusses various design considerations, evaluates potential impacts, and provides an update on the current status of CBDC in India. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is considering CBDC issuance due to several factors: reducing cash management costs, enhancing financial inclusion, increasing transaction efficiency, and promoting security and stability. Key design choices include determining the type of CBDC (wholesale vs. retail), the issuance and management model (direct vs. indirect), the form of CBDC (token-based vs. account-based), the interest-bearing nature of CBDC, and the level of user anonymity. The potential impacts of CBDC on the Indian economy and financial system are multifaceted. CBDCs could disrupt traditional banking by reducing bank deposits but also foster competition and innovation. They could enhance the RBI's control over monetary policy while introducing cybersecurity risks. Additionally, CBDCs could integrate the informal economy, streamline cross-border payments, and boost financial inclusion. The RBI's ongoing pilot programs for CBDC, initiated in 2022, have shown promising results, with significant involvement from major banks and an expanding scope. The proposed expansion to include non-bank payment service providers aims to increase accessibility, offer more choices, and test the system's resilience. This initiative aligns with the RBI's focus on creating a robust digital payment ecosystem. In conclusion, while CBDCs offer substantial opportunities, they also pose challenges. India's proactive approach in developing and testing CBDCs is crucial to ensure it does not lag in this fintech evolution. Continued research, collaboration, and public participation are essential to successfully implement CBDCs and leverage their benefits for the Indian economy.

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Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) , Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Financial inclusion, Digital economy, Blockchain, Monetary policy, financial stability

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Infertility is often a silent struggle. Infertility is defined as a failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. According to WHO, positive reproductive health of a woman is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease related to reproductive system and it's functions. Ayurveda explains female infertility as Vandhyatwa and Primary factors associated with Vandhyatwa are abnormalities in Garbha Sambhava Samagri, Manas along with abnormality of properly functioning Vayu and Shatbhavas (matrija. pitrija atmaja. satvaja, satmyaja and Rasaja), anyone of these can cause infertility. From the time immemorial the phenomenon of infertility was prevalent through out the world and this may persist till the human race exists. The historical importance of stri vandhyatva and a comparative study on Nidan, Samprapti, Lakshana, Chikitsa etc compiled from various Granth are being presented in this study.

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Keywords: Infertility, Vandhyatwa, Ayurveda.

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Nanoparticles have the ability to enhance growth and yield of different plants such as fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (Fabaceae). The present work aims to study the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth, some biochemical aspects, and the yield both quantitatively and qualitatively of fenugreek plant. Generally, nanoparticles are prepared by a variety of chemical methods which are not environmentally friendly. Use of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles is quite novel leading to truly green chemistry which provided advancement over chemical and physical method as it is cost effective and environment friendly. We have reported a fast, convenient and extracellular method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate with the help of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) extract. The antibacterial activity of these nano particles were studied against E.coli and Staphylococcus Aureus '

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Fenugreek seed extract, Antimicrobial activity , Silver nanoparticles

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The year 1881 marked a significant turning point in Ajmer's history with profound social and religious reforms. The establishment of Government College and Mayo College fostered an academic environment influenced by European liberal thinking. Concurrently, Christian missionaries based in Beawar laid foundations for European cultural influence. Amidst these developments, Dayanand Saraswati initiated a campaign to revive ancient Sanatan Dharma, addressing prevailing religious apathy and lack of Sanskrit education. His efforts as a Dharm Pracharak from 1864 onwards challenged religious superstitions, particularly within Ajmer's divided Shaiv, Vaishnav, and Shakti communities. Notably, debates in November 1878 between Dayanand and Christian pastor Haizband on Jesus Christ and idol worship spurred conversions, including that of Rao Masuda Bahadur Singh-I, who became a disciple. Arya Samaj was formally established in Ajmer on February 3, 1881, emerging as a pivotal center for Vedic Dharm Prachar in North India. This marked the beginning of a transformative era with the establishment of numerous institutions under Arya Samaj's banner, contributing significantly to religious, social, and educational reforms across Ajmer.

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Ajmer, Government College, Mayo College, European liberal thinking, Christian Missionaries, Dayanand Saraswati, Sanatan Dharma Pracharak, Religious reforms.

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The title NiII complex, C16H21NO3Si, is built up by a tridentate dinegative Schiff base ligand bound to a nickelhydroxypent unit. The coordination geometry of the pentacoordinated NiII atom is a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The presence of the nickelhydroxypent ring in the complex leads to an unusual coordination geometry of the NiII atom with the N atom from the Schiff base ligand and an amino -N atom in apical positions of the trigonal bipyramid. In the crystal, C-H...O and O-H...O interactions are found within corrugated layers of molecules parallel to the ab plane.

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Synthesis; crystal structure;nickel (II) (hydroxyimino); hydroxypent; ethylideneamino; N-H...O; O-H...O; hydrogen bonds; ?-stacking; T = 295 K; R factor = 0.0326; wR factor = 0.828; data-to-parameter ratio = 9.05.

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Spinal cord injury is a devastating neurological condition with limited therapeutic optionsSpinal cord injury is characterized clinically by paraplegia, quadriplegia, paraparesis, quadriparesis, and autonomic dysfunction

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inflammation, apoptosis, incidence,prevalence,and regeneration,Haemorrhagic stroke, Motor Assessment Scale

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We face challenges and for developing countries like India, China, etc. The major problem they are suffering is the disposal of plastic waste and establishing a road network which is economical and durable with the help of this presentation we are trying to introduce various ways in which plastic can be utilized and since our project is mainly focusing on plastic roads, we have also explained various steps to be followed for using plastic in roads. With the help of this technology a major problem of disposal of plastics waste can be solved at the same time, using plastic in roads increases the strength and durability of roads, On the other hand it is economic pollution free and safe. Plastic technology has a wide range of scope. Since this can be used in cloth making, Rail Sleepers and also plastic can be used as construction material and if plastic roads are brought into regular practice this will increase the demand of transportation engineers who are aware of this technology. Increasing demand of plastics will also enhance the work of plastics pickers, hence solving the problem of employment.

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Plastic-modified roads, Bitumen replacement, Strength enhancement, Environmental impact, Durability concerns

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This study is devoted to the finite element analysis of Spherical Dome with openings under static loading which result from the weight of dome and a concentrated load at the crown to obtain the most economical size of opening that can be provided at different locations and to obtain the optimum location (in terms of angle with horizontal) at which an opening of a particular size can be provided. Equations have been developed for most economical aspect ratio and optimum angle at which openings should be provided for various cases of Spherical Dome with 2 openings, 4 openings and 6 openings. Variations in maximum stress intensity produced in the dome due to increase in aspect ratio and increase in angle of opening have been shown. Change in maximum stress zone due to increase in aspect ratio have also been shown

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Most economical aspect ratio, Optimum location of openings, Maximum stress intensity, Maximum stress zones

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central ideas about the beginning of the aircraft design ...with the innovations it took in all these years

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Innovative

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India's retail sector (industry) is expanding faster than anybody could have predicted. Around the past few years, the Indian retail industry has drawn attention from all around the world. India's middle class segment expansion, favourable demographics, changing lifestyles, rising disposable incomes, and significant potential for market penetration in both urban and rural areas all contributed to the country's retail boom. It is anticipated that since 2011, the proportion of organized retail would rise from 5% to 10%. Aditya retailer, Bharti limited, Reliance retail store, Pantaloon showroom, Visal mart, Tata retail, Raheja limited, and Piramals retail sectors are just a few of the prominent corporate companies that have diversified in order to increase the size of their retail portfolios. The goals and difficulties that organized retail players in India encounter are the main topics of this study. According to research, organized retailers' main obstacles include the competitiveness of the unorganized sector, internal logistical problems, retail shrinkage, and competition among organized retailers.

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Various retail sectors, Retail Growth, Retail Challenges Organized Retail sectors, Organized Retail opportunities.

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In Mayureswar II block of Birbhum district, West Bengal, a research project was conducted on farmers' perceived prevalence of climate change, as evidenced by phenomena like rising temperatures, fluctuating rainfall, etc., and in the areas considered agro-ecological areas. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of the farmer's opinion about the climate change and their adaptation strategies to deal with losses caused by the climate change. The farmers' perspective of climate change had a significant impact on their readiness to adjust their cultivation and production practices in response to the changing environment, as evidenced by the findings. The results demonstrated that respondents with a high level of perception on climate change were farmers. Based to the results, half of the respondents expressed optimism about their ability to deal with the effects of climate change if they received the necessary government support. Merely about 13% of farmers thought positively of the government's climate change policies. About the adaptation tactics, the majority of respondents did not adopt any strategies in this regard, whereas 40% of respondents adopted techniques to some extent.

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Adaptation, Adaptation strategies, Climate change, Perception.

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The rapid adoption of multi-level inverters in electric drives and renewable energy systems underscores their pivotal role in modern power electronics. These inverters offer significant advantages over traditional two-level inverters, including reduced dv/dt stress, lower total harmonic distortion (THD), and diminished common mode current. However, prevalent multi-level inverter topologies, such as neutral point clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying capacitor inverters, present challenges that impede optimal performance. This paper introduces a novel three-phase two-level inverter topology aimed at addressing common mode voltage and current issues inherent in existing designs. The proposed topology integrates two cascaded converters and leverages device junction capacitance (DJC) to implement a neutral point clamping methodology, thereby enhancing the inverter's operational stability and efficiency. A comprehensive analysis using the switching function concept reveals the impact of DJC on the inverter's performance. The study further explores a sophisticated PWM control scheme designed to optimize the modulation process and minimize common mode voltage variations. Simulation results, conducted using MATLAB, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed topology over conventional and H7 two-level inverters. Key performance metrics such as pole voltage, phase voltage, common mode voltage, and total harmonic distortion (THD) are evaluated, showcasing significant improvements. The proposed inverter achieves a THD reduction to 61.41%, compared to 91.81% and 88.01% for conventional and H7 inverters, respectively. This research not only advances the field of power electronics but also provides practical insights for engineers and researchers. By addressing critical issues in multi-level inverter design, the proposed topology paves the way for more efficient and reliable power conversion systems, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and sustainability in contemporary applications.

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Multi-level inverters, three-phase inverters, common mode voltage, device junction capacitance (DJC), pulse width modulation (PWM), total harmonic distortion (THD), neutral point clamping

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In essence, the voluntary carbon market relies on independent certification bodies and their standards to ensure the credibility of carbon credits, leading to fragmentation due to the presence of multiple entities. This fragmentation, coupled with varying perceptions of credit quality, influences the demand and pricing dynamics within the market. These two types of markets function differently and have distinct objectives. The key difference lies in what is being bought and sold. Both markets deal with a tonne of CO2, but in an Emissions Trading System (ETS), companies trade pollution permits (often referred to as "allowances") that permit them to emit one tonne of CO2. When a company emits 1tCO2, it must surrender one permit to the regulator. In contrast, an offsetting mechanism involves the trade of offsets, or emission reduction units, which represent a tonne of CO2 that has already been reduced. Offsets can only lead to a zero-sum game, because one tonne of CO2 is emitted somewhere, and one tonne is reduced somewhere else. Hence, they cannot be used to reduce emissions in the long term and are not compatible with the idea of going towards net-zero emissions at a global level. Offsets should only be used to compensate for emissions that cannot be avoided or reduced . The paper looks into all these aspects.

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Evaluation and analysis of Carbon Markets in India

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Bhartiya Swdeshi Aandolan Avm Bng Bhang Andolan Me Gandhi Yugin Mhilao Ki Bhumika : Ak Adhyayan

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Bhartiya Swdeshi Aandolan Avm Bng Bhang Andolan Me Gandhi Yugin Mhilao Ki Bhumika : Ak Adhyayan

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The study investigates customer satisfaction with State Bank of India's (SBI) bancassurance services in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The research uses a mixed-method approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, to understand customer perceptions and preferences. The findings will help SBI tailor its offerings to better meet client needs, fostering stronger customer relationships and sustainable business growth. The study aims to contribute to academic research and practical insights for financial institutions in Coimbatore.

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Bancassurance, Investment behaviour, Insurance policies , Investment preferences.

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India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing major economies globally, driven by strategic reforms and robust policy initiatives. This research article explores the pivotal roles of trade, infrastructure, and finance in propelling India's economic growth. Trade liberalization and diversification have significantly boosted export performance, integrating India more deeply into the global economy. Concurrently, ambitious infrastructure projects like the Bharatmala Pariyojana and the Smart Cities Mission are transforming transportation and urban living standards, enhancing connectivity and productivity. Financial sector reforms, including banking stability measures, financial inclusion initiatives, and the promotion of digital payments, have fortified the economic framework, ensuring resilience and broad-based growth. The synergy between these sectors has created a conducive environment for sustained economic development. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, regulatory complexities, and skill gaps remain and need to be addressed to maintain growth momentum. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how these three critical areas collectively contribute to India's rapid economic ascent and discusses future prospects and strategies for continued progress.

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Economic Growth, Trade, Infrastructure, Financial Reforms

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