Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Agriculture along its allied sectors, is the largest livelihood provider in West Bengal , more so in the vast rural areas. Census 2011 data reveals that majority of total rural workers are cultivators or agricultural laborers. Therefore, our State's development depends significantly upon the development of agriculture. Agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. After a long period of stagnation, agricultural growth in West Bengal was initiated in the early 1980s. There has been a growing concern in recent years about the trend of agricultural output in most of the agricultural states in post-reform period since 1990. The conducive effect of implementation of New Agricultural policy enhanced the productivity in the 1980s which have been petered out in the phase of neo-liberal reforms in India. The improper use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in technology-intensive production of rice and wheat largely account for environmental degradation and erosion of soil fertility. Under this backdrop, this article attempts to uphold the trend of major food grain and non-food grain crop production of rural West Bengal of its own as well as across the administrative division in order to understand the agricultural development in West Bengal, if any during 200-2001 to 2014-15. The study is descriptive in nature based on secondary data published in Statistical Abstract 2015. For that research purpose, Garret Ranking tool has been used.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Cropping intensity, Crop pattern, yield rate, administrative division, Garret ranking Method.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Aloe vera, health and beauty, skin.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cyber-attacks represent a pervasive threat in the digital age, with perpetrators leaving behind digital artefacts that can potentially unveil their identities and behaviours. In response, forensic agencies and law enforcement departments leverage an array of digital forensic toolkits, both commercial and open-source, to examine digital evidence comprehensively. This research survey, a comprehensive and in-depth study, is a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art digital forensics concepts, identifying research gaps, introducing different computer forensic domains and toolkits, and offering a comparative analysis to aid investigators in tool selection during forensic processes. It also pinpoints current challenges and suggests future research directions in computer forensics. The field of digital forensics is multidimensional, encompassing various domains such as network forensics, memory forensics, and mobile forensics. Each domain presents unique challenges and requires specialised toolkits tailored to effectively extract and analyse digital evidence. The survey, designed to provide a nuanced understanding of the forensic landscape, aims to equip investigators with a comprehensive view of these domains and the corresponding toolkits. Commercial and open-source digital forensic toolkits are pivotal in evidence acquisition, analysis, and presentation. While commercial solutions often offer comprehensive features and user-friendly interfaces, open-source toolkits provide flexibility and customisation options. Through a detailed examination of these toolkits, the survey aims to empower investigators with insights into their capabilities and limitations, enabling informed decision-making during the forensic process. Moreover, the survey includes a comparative analysis of toolkit characteristics, such as scalability, reliability, and compatibility with operating and file systems. This comparative framework, a comprehensive guide, facilitates the selection of appropriate toolkits based on the specific requirements of each forensic investigation, thereby enhancing efficiency and efficacy. In addition to providing an overview of existing digital forensic practices, the survey identifies research gaps and challenges in the field. These challenges encompass technological limitations, legal and ethical considerations, and the evolving nature of cyber threats. By acknowledging these challenges, the survey encourages further research and innovation to address emerging issues and enhance the effectiveness of digital forensic investigations. Furthermore, the survey delineates future research directions, emphasising areas such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques into digital forensic processes, the development of standardised procedures and protocols, and the enhancement of forensic readiness in emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. In conclusion, the proposed research survey is a comprehensive tool that aims to provide a comprehensive overview of digital forensics, identifying current practices, research gaps, and challenges. By offering insights into different forensic domains, toolkits, and comparative analysis, the survey empowers investigators to navigate the complex landscape of digital evidence examination effectively. Moreover, by identifying future research directions, the survey contributes to advancing the field and developing innovative solutions to combat cybercrime.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

1. Digital Forensics 2. Cyber-attacks 3. Forensic Toolkits 4. Evidence Analysis 5. Research Gaps

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Snatak Star Par Smartphone Ke Uchch Upyog V Nimn Upyog Karne Wale Vidyarthiyon Ke Mansik Swasthya Aur Samajik Vyavhar Ka Tulanatmak Adhyyan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Snatak Star Par Smartphone Ke Uchch Upyog V Nimn Upyog Karne Wale Vidyarthiyon Ke Mansik Swasthya Aur Samajik Vyavhar Ka Tulanatmak Adhyyan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Small Scale Industries (SSI) are industries that manufacture, produce and render services on a small or micro scale level The SSI is recognized as an instrument for social transformation, development of employment opportunities, providing entrepreneurship opportunities and securing dispersal of industries. Small- and large-scale enterprises are the back bone of the industrialization process of a country. Development of large scale enterprises depends upon the development of SSI units. The main aim of any business could be achieved only through a series of actions taken by the entrepreneur to market his products. The growth of any business much depends upon how efficiency they solve their marketing problems. Therefore, an attempt is made in this research to study and to highlight the important marketing problems faced by the SSI Units in the Tiruchirappalli District.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Small Scale Industries, Economic Development, Marketing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT One of the most often used natural items is essential oil, which has several uses in dermatology. A illness known as hair loss causes hair to fall out of places on the skin where it normally grows, such as the body and scalp. The natural, nontoxic, nonpollutive, and biodegradable essential oils have many medicinal uses and little chance of negative side effects. Rosemary oil has received considerable attention in hair because it is said to promote hair growth and prevent hair loss. Rosemary oil is an essential oil obtained from the rosemary plant native to the Mediterranean region. It has been used for centuries and is known for its aromatic fragrance. Rosemary oil has several beneficial properties and has been used in the folk medicine, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, mainly for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of carnosol/carnosic and ursolic acids. The therapeutic use of rosemary has been explored for the treatment of inflammatory diseases; however, other uses have been studied, such as wound healing and skin cancer and mycoses treatments, among others. Besides it therapeutic uses, rosemary has potential applications in cosmetic formulations and in the treatment of pathological and non-pathological conditions, such as cellulite, alopecia, ultraviolet damage, and aging. This review aims to critically discuss the topical applications of rosemary found in the literature while also offering relevant information for the development of topical formulations of its bioactive compounds. Topical application is an important administration route for drugs requiring local action on the skin, thereby avoiding their systemic absorption and adverse side effects. Numerous research have proven that topically carried out rosemary oil can certainly stimulate hair regrowth and assist basic hair health. In fact, one examine even as compared its effectiveness to that of minoxidil, a usually used medicinal drug for hair loss[25].The hair growth activity, refractive index, acid value, and saponification value of hair formulations of Rosmarinius officinalis , Trigonella foenumgraecum , and Hibiscus rosasinensis , Ricinus communis , phyllanthus emblica ,Eclipta prostrata in various concentrations as herbal oil were investigated. Hair growth was observed in formulations made using a variety of oil preparation techniques and the results were admirable.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Rosemary, polyherbal , hair oil , Formulation , Evaluation, hair loss , hair growth .

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Introduction: Mountain trekking is a highly popular recreational activity known for its physical and mental benefits. However, it also places significant stress on the lower extremities, particularly on the tibio-femoral and patella-femoral joints. This stress can lead to injuries such as Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (ITBFS), which is caused by repetitive friction of the iliotibial band (ITB) against the lateral condyle of the knee. This study focuses on the prevalence and characteristics of ITBFS among trekkers, a condition often exacerbated by walking on uneven surfaces or descending slopes. Objective: The primary aim is to determine the prevalence of ITBFS in trekkers. Specific objectives include assessing the prevalence of ITBFS among both professional and recreational trekkers using the Noble compression test. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving trekkers of varying levels, including professional and recreational participants. The Noble compression test was utilized to diagnose ITBFS. Additional data were collected on the participants' trekking habits, pain experiences, and the impact of ITBFS on their activities. Results: The study identified a notable prevalence of ITBFS among trekkers. The findings highlighted differences in the prevalence rates between professional and recreational trekkers. Factors such as terrain type, trekking duration, and weight carried were also explored in relation to ITBFS incidence. Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing ITBFS in trekkers. The insights gained can inform targeted interventions and preventive measures to help mitigate the risks associated with this condition, promoting safer and more enjoyable trekking experiences.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Illiotibial band friction syndrome, noble compression test, trekkers

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract- A forklift is a versatile industrial vehicle used for lifting, transporting, and stacking materials. Available in electric, diesel, and gas-powered models, forklifts enhance efficiency and reduce injury risks in various environments. Electric models are ideal for indoor use, while gas-powered ones excel outdoors. Modern advancements include remote control capabilities for increased safety and precision. Using materials like mild steel ensures minimal fork deformation. Forklifts can lift to 500 kg at an ITA rating of 990.6 mm and 1016 mm. Future developments will focus on ergonomic design, lightweight materials, safety features, hybrid models, and smart technology integration.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Forklift, Different Design, Different Materials, Weight, Fork

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The primary goal of this study was to create a polyherbal scrub that could be mixed with gel. Cosmetics are essential in today's world for both men and women to look younger and change the way their skin looks. Using natural substances means that the skin's surface needs to be cleansed often to get rid of dead cells, oil, sebum, and other secretions, as well as makeup that has been applied and crusts. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-aging plant parts are typically found in herbal cosmeceuticals. It is the most side-effect-free and safest product to use regularly. The product that affects how the skin functions biologically is called cosmeceuticals. The main objective of the current investigation was to create a polyherbal scrub. Using cosmetics is the safest option.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Polyherbal Skin, Glow, Acne, Moisturizing, Facial Scrub, Spreadibility, Emollient action.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly, in its 70th Session on September 25, 2015, adopted the document titled "Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," which consists of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 related targets, to advance the success of the Millennium Development Goals. New global goals education is provided by this agenda (SDG 4). The objective is to offer high-quality, inclusive, and equitable education while encouraging possibilities for lifelong learning for all. It will take more work to ensure everyone has access to high-quality, inclusive education, particularly in India. Even with notable increases in school enrollment over the previous fifteen years, many students do not graduate from primary school without a minimum reading proficiency. This study was conducted to determine how well each Indian state is doing in reaching the sustainable development objective for education. Charts were used to show it, and an ANOVA was used to choose and assess four indicators to obtain empirical results. It was noted that the states of India varied in their ability to meet the targets for sustainable development goals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Inclusive education, equality, SDGs targets

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Underground cables are commonly used for power distribution in densely populated urban areas, factories, and to connect overhead lines to consumer premises. This is because overhead lines are often impractical, difficult, or dangerous to install in these settings. However, underground cables are susceptible to a wide range of faults caused by the underground environment, wear and tear, rodents, and other factors. Identifying the source of these faults can be challenging, as the entire length of the cable often needs to be exhumed to inspect and repair any issues. The objective of this project is to develop a node controller system that can detect and locate faults in underground cable lines from a base station, with accuracy measured in centimeters. To achieve this, the cable is modeled using a set of resistors representing the cable length in cm, and faults are simulated using switches placed at known distances. This allows the system to accurately pinpoint the location of any faults that occur. The project utilizes IoT technology, specifically the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, to display the fault location information over the internet. This provided a convenient and accessible way to monitor and address underground cable issues remotely.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IOT, Underground cables, fault detection, microcontroller, wi-fi module

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Most of herbal syrup was originally derived from plant herbal medicine refers to used extract of fruits for medicinal purpose.Along with other dosage form herbal drugs also formulated inform of syrups today syrup is used for treatment of many ailment and to overcome symptoms of diseases.The extraction of fenugreek,turmeric and ginger is added into simple syrup.It is added as antibacterial agents. To inhibit the growth of bacteria , sugar alcohol sugar is used as a preservatives. The result formulation E.coli is more activity shown as compared to staphylaccous aurous. The reformulation studies of formulations were within specification . Also, the physiochemical properties of prepared syrup like colour,odour,Ph,taste were satisfactory .According to present study,prepared formulation exhibited antimicrobial agnaist bacteria E.coli and styphyloccous aureus with maximum activity at 40 micro litre concentration in E.coli and minimum activity was observed in styphyloccous neur on.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Polyherbal formulation, antiviral, antiparasites, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral activity.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Anusandhan Pratiman : Ek Vishleshnatmak Adhyan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anusandhan Pratiman : Ek Vishleshnatmak Adhyan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

DevSecOps approach based upon the security testing covers a range of testing methods, from static and dynamic analysis to container scanning and compliance checks, ensuring comprehensive security throughout the development lifecycle. By integrating these practices, organizations can proactively identify and address vulnerabilities, enhancing the resilience of their web applications in the face of evolving threats. This approach's value lies in its complexity and proactiveness. By adopting a DevSecOps approach, organizations can increase the reliability of their web applications by proactively blocking potential security holes. This summary explores the transformative impact of this methodology and highlights its ability for improving resilience for web applications leading ever evolving and complex threats of the digital age. By identifying real-time vulnerabilities and strategically remediating vulnerabilities, organizations can confidently navigate the dynamic cybersecurity landscape to ensure the security and stability of their web applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- DevOps, DevSecOps, Software Vulnerability, Security, Literature Review, Methodology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are a common developmental anomaly which is characterized by the presence of extra teeth as comparison to the normal set of teeth. Mesiodens is the most common supernumerary teeth in the midline which is located in the premaxilla between the two central incisors. Mesiodentes is a not common condition when mesiodens erupt in multiples. The multiple etiological factors associated with its occurrence but the most accepted aetiology is the hyperactivity of the dental lamina. The prevalence ranges from 0.15% to 1.9%, with most commonly seen in male and in permanent dentition than in primary dentition. Mesiodens may be eumorphic, dysmorphic, single or multiple, impacted or erupted and can be inverted, placed labially, palatally or in between the maxillary central incisors, also syndromic or nonsyndromic. Complications associated with the presence of mesiodens may include crowding, delayed eruption, impaction, spacing abnormal root formation, a median diastema, cystic lesion, rotation, and root resorption of the adjacent tooth. Diagnosis is usually made by the clinical and radiological examination. To avoid complications associated with mesiodens, extraction is necessary. Here, we report a case of twin mesiodens, patient is a non-syndromic, present with the maxillary central incisors and affecting malocclusion.The present paper describes the case of two supernumerary teeth, one of which is the impacted in maxillary anterior region of jaw, impacted tooth removed surgically.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mesiodens, Supernumerary teeth, Surgery

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the implementation and utilization of electronic resources in the Galgotias University Library, aiming to enhance access to information, improve user engagement, and support the academic needs of students and faculty. The transition from traditional print materials to electronic resources is driven by the need to meet the evolving demands of the academic community and leverage advancements in digital technology. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and case studies, the study investigates the current state of electronic resource implementation, identifies challenges, and provides recommendations for effective utilization. The findings indicate that electronic resources significantly increase access to a wide range of academic materials, offering 24/7 availability and supporting remote learning. User engagement is enhanced through diverse digital content and interactive platforms, which contribute to a more enriching educational experience. However, challenges such as budget constraints, technical issues, and the digital divide persist. Effective strategies, including comprehensive training programs, user-centered design, and strategic partnerships, are essential for maximizing the benefits of electronic resources. This study concludes that the successful implementation and utilization of electronic resources in the Galgotias University Library can transform it into a dynamic information hub, fostering a more inclusive and accessible academic environment. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of strategies are recommended to address ongoing challenges and leverage new opportunities in the digital landscape.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electronic Resources, Digital Transformation, Remote Learning, Strategic Implementation, Digital Divide, Resource Utilization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The physicochemical properties of each manufactured moisturizing cream formulation were assessed. including pH, particle size, spreadability, viscosity, and in vitro occlusivity test results. Adult skin has a surface area of about 2 sq m, weighs 4.5 to 5 kg, and accounts for nearly 16% of the body's weight. From 0.5 mm on eyelids to 4.0 mm on heels, it is thick. However, the body's overall thickness is between 1 and 2 mm. In a square centimetre of skin, there are typically 10 hair follicles, 12 nerves, 15 sebaceous glands, 100 sweat glands, 3 blood vessels within 92 cm of a nerve, and 3* 106 cells. Normal skin is very smooth, but as people age, their skin becomes rougher due to negative environmental factors. The ph of skin, which is the ph of the film of aqueous and soluble material present on the surface of the skin, ranges from 4 to 5.6. Sebum aids in sweat production, and fatty acid affects the pH of the skin's surface. The pathogen and other organisms' ability to grow is also prevented or limited by the range of its acidic pH. Skin provide the protection against sunlight also ultra violet rays. It is synthesis vitamin D

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cosmetic , mosturizing cream, Hibiscus Aloe Vera, machanism of action, Evaluation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Women's participation in the business world is on the rise, but the gender gap in entrepreneurship performance persists. The inequalities and discrimination faced by women in the entrepreneurship ecosystem can lead to imbalance in the economic system resulting in regression in the quality of life and decelerates the human development. The gender gap implicates the economic growth and social welfare, hindering women from contributing to the economy by their perspectives and innovations. In this paper, the journey of women entrepreneurship is discussed analyzing the motivations and factors affecting the success of women entrepreneurs. The various difficulties and challenges faced by women in the pursuit of entrepreneurship is also discussed here. The study aims in providing a better understanding of contribution of women entrepreneurs for the overall progress of nation and humankind.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Entrepreneurship, Women entrepreneurs, Challenges

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Teaching is a skilled occupation. It includes any activity and procedure that a teacher dose to impact the probability of intended learning. Teaching skills are the primary requisite to handle the classroom activities and students. By considering the significance of teaching skill for a teacher, researcher undertook a study to disclose the consciousness among teachers of higher education related to teaching skill. The study reveals that teachers awareness related to teaching skill are above average. But they are not fully familiar of several teaching skills which have been identified as core of teaching. Since teacher of higher education duringtheir qualifying degrees of education are not been taught or practiced with these skills thus without being aware of it they go into their professional carrier. With lack of these skills they cannot teach effectively and this will be pure unfair on part of students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

LEVEL OF AWARENESS TOWARD TEACHING SKILL AMONG TEACHERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The reliability of dual-unit systems is critical for ensuring continuous operation and minimizing downtime. This study focuses on optimizing the reliability of dual-unit systems configured with a standby mode. By employing advanced reliability modeling techniques and comprehensive statistical analysis, we evaluate the performance and reliability metrics of various standby configurations. The research highlights the impact of different standby strategies on system reliability, identifying optimal configurations that enhance system robustness and reduce failure rates. The findings provide valuable insights for system designers and engineers, offering practical guidelines to improve the reliability of dual-unit systems in various industrial applications. The results demonstrate that strategic implementation of standby modes can significantly enhance the reliability and operational efficiency of critical systems, thereby contributing to increased system availability and reduced maintenance costs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Reliability optimization, dual-unit systems, standby mode, reliability modeling, statistical analysis, system robustness, failure rate reduction, standby strategies, system availability, maintenance cost reduction, industrial

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition