Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

As clinical trials continue to expand in complexity, scale, and digital transformation, the role of data management Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) has become more crucial than ever. SOPs serve as the backbone of trial conduct, ensuring consistent data processes, regulatory compliance, and high-quality outputs across diverse trial settings. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of literature related to SOP development, highlights frameworks and experimental findings, and proposes a theoretical model for SOP standardization. Key performance data indicates that harmonized SOPs significantly enhance data integrity, protocol adherence, and audit readiness. Additionally, we explore how technological advancements--especially artificial intelligence and decentralized trials--are reshaping SOP paradigms. By critically evaluating current practices and emerging trends, this article provides practical and strategic insights into the future of SOPs in clinical trial data management.

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 Keywords

Clinical Trials; Data Management; Standard Operating Procedures; Regulatory Compliance; SOP Standardization; Clinical Trial Efficiency; Quality Management; Decentralized Trials; Artificial Intelligence in Trials

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The rapid adoption of cloud computing has transformed enterprise IT, but it has also introduced complex security challenges that traditional perimeter-based models cannot adequately address. Zero Trust Security Models (ZTSM) have emerged as a robust framework to mitigate these risks by enforcing the principle of "never trust, always verify." This review examines the foundational principles, architectural components, and practical implementations of Zero Trust in cloud environments. It explores how identity-centric access controls, microsegmentation, and continuous monitoring fortify cloud applications against modern threats. Additionally, the paper analyzes the role of major cloud providers in enabling Zero Trust and reviews real-world case studies from regulated sectors such as finance and healthcare. Emerging trends such as AI-driven trust assessments and decentralized identities are also discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting the challenges and future research directions critical for advancing Zero Trust adoption in scalable, multi-cloud ecosystems..

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Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), Cloud Security, Identity and Access Management (IAM), Microsegmentation, Continuous Monitoring, Multi-Cloud Security

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The rapid digitization of financial services has transformed retail banking into a predominantly mobile and data-centric experience. As consumer expectations evolve and competition from FinTech intensifies, retail banks are under mounting pressure to enhance customer experience while simultaneously improving operational efficiency. This review proposes a novel framework--the Intelligent Retail Banking Ecosystem (IRBE)--that unites front-end personalization with back-end process automation. Drawing upon insights from more than thirty academic and industry sources, this paper critically evaluates existing models such as UTAUT, SERVQUAL, and task-technology fit, highlighting their limitations in addressing the dual priorities of user engagement and institutional optimization. The IRBE framework leverages real-time behavioral analytics, AI-powered automation, and open API infrastructure to create adaptive, personalized, and efficient digital banking ecosystems. Through comparative analysis and practical case studies (e.g., ING, DBS, JPMorgan Chase), this review demonstrates the IRBE model's superior predictive performance in areas like user retention, transactional accuracy, and cross-sell optimization. The study also discusses implications for industry practitioners and policymakers, advocating for supportive regulation, ethical AI use, and inclusive digital access. Ultimately, this research provides a forward-looking theoretical foundation for future academic inquiries and practical innovations in digital banking, positioning IRBE as a transformative tool for intelligent financial service delivery.

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 Keywords

Retail banking applications; customer experience; operational efficiency; financial technology (FinTech); digital transformation; behavioral analytics; artificial intelligence (AI); service-dominant logic; intelligent ecosystems; open banking; IRBE model; personalization; automation.

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This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of automation strategies used in managing product data and generating sales quotations, with a focus on developments over the past decade. The study explores the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), robotic process automation (RPA), and natural language processing (NLP) into Configure-Price-Quote (CPQ) systems. A theoretical model is proposed and validated through experimental data from recent case studies, highlighting significant improvements in quotation cycle time, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. The review also identifies current research gaps and outlines future directions in areas such as contextual AI, federated learning, explainability, and IoT integration. Overall, this paper underscores the transformative potential of intelligent automation in redefining how businesses handle product data and quotation workflows in real time.

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 Keywords

Automation, Sales Quotation, Product Data Management, CPQ, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, NLP, Robotic Process Automation, Digital Transformation, Enterprise Systems

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Mathematics and philosophy have a complex relationship, with both seeking to examine and resolve the essence of reality through logic, reasoning, and abstract thought. Mathematics offers a universal language for modelling the physical world, quantifying infinities, and exploring theoretical possibilities, whereas philosophy investigates the underlying assumptions, implications, and interpretations of these mathematical structures. Philosophy provides the conceptual frameworks for abstract reasoning. Together, these disciplines have moulded major areas like as metaphysics, epistemology, logic and ethics, and have had a significant impact on the evolution of human thought and understanding of the world. This paper investigates the linked roles of mathematics and philosophy, tracing their historical roots, assessing their contributions to diverse philosophical fields and highlighting their continuing impact in the contemporary era.

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Mathematics, Philosophy, Logic, Infinity, Reality, Epistemology, Ontology, Godel, Paradoxes, Axioms, Non-Euclidean Geometry, Set Theory, Cosmology, Artificial Intelligence, Abstract Thought

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The Paper a systematic approach to using Power BI for retail store sales analysis, emphasizing the importance of data visualization in understanding sales performance, trends, and customer preferences. It includes insights on monthly sales trends, highlighting fluctuations and peaks in certain months, which aids in forecasting and inventory planning. The sales breakdown by retailer reveals varying contributions from different outlets, identifying top performers and opportunities for improvement. Regional sales distribution is analyzed, with New York showing significant contributions. Additionally, product insights detail sales volumes by beverage brands and cities, guiding marketing and inventory strategies. The methodology involves comprehensive data gathering, cleansing, and analysis to create an interactive Power BI dashboard that displays key metrics and allows for real-time insights. The document also suggests future enhancements for predictive analytics and emphasizes the need for cross-disciplinary research in retail analytics. Overall, it aims to provide a comprehensive view of trends and best practices in retail sales analysis.

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Business Analytics, Power BI, Sales Analysis

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Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram have become integral to youth communication, self-expression, and identity formation in the contemporary digital landscape. While these platforms offer avenues for creativity, networking, and information dissemination, they also foster validation-seeking behaviours driven by likes, shares, comments, and followers. This study, focusing on Facebook and Instagram usage patterns, explores the relationship between social media literacy and validation-seeking behaviour among youth. Social media literacy is increasingly recognised as a critical subdomain within the broader media literacy framework, encompassing the specific skills and competencies required to critically navigate, evaluate, and engage with content across social networking platforms. How young individuals perceive and interact with online content, peer feedback, and algorithmic visibility is crucial. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data and qualitative insights, the study investigates how varying levels of media literacy influence validation-seeking tendencies and emotional dependencies on social approval via social platforms. The research aims to provide empirical evidence to support interventions that foster healthier digital practices among youth.

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Media Literacy, Validation-Seeking Behaviour, Youth, Facebook, Instagram, Digital Literacy, Online Identity, Social Media Engagement, Digital Well-being

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ABSTRACT Plant fungal diseases significantly impact the yield and quality of oilseed crops in India, with Alternaria blight and related pathogens causing up to 70% yield losses. Chemical fungicides, though effective, are beset with issues such as resistance development, environmental persistence, and food safety concerns. In response, research has focused on the bio-fungicidal properties of locally available plant extracts--particularly garlic (Allium sativum), neem (Azadirachta indica), ginger (Zingiber officinale), NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract), and Alstonia scholaris--aimed at sustainable disease management. This paper investigates their efficacy against fungal pathogens in Indian mustard and related oilseeds through in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing findings to standard fungicides and biocontrol agents. The results indicate that garlic and neem extracts, especially when applied as combined seed and foliar treatments, offer disease suppression and yield improvements comparable to synthetic fungicides, presenting a viable option for integrated pest management.

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Keywords: Biofungicides, plant extracts, fungal diseases, oilseed crops, disease management.

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Entrepreneurship can help in economic development, enhance innovation and foster creativity which will increase nation's GDP and create employment. In India with a large number of unemployed, creating entrepreneurial eco-system will help in employment generation and reduce income inequalities. Objectives: Author tries to explore role of business incubation centres (BICs) in fostering entrepreneurship and nurturing early-stage startups. Author also investigates role of incubators (such as mentorship, infrastructure, funding, and training) in creating entrepreneurial mindset, startup creating motivations, and innovation skills in learners. Methodology: The study is qualitative in nature reviewing journal articles on the topic in question. The author critically analyse each empirical paper to find out trends and themes. Mostly, secondary data is used only one or two sources are primary in nature. Secondary data was used in analysing startup ecosystem, government policies, and funding mechanisms of incubators. Discussion: The findings of the study is divided into five core themes: Role of Government, Incubators nurturing Startups, University-based Incubators, Atal Incubation Mission (AIM), Performance & Scope of Incubators. The themes are based on findings from empirical papers.. Significance: The Indian government has a mind set to promote startups through initiatives like Startup India, the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), and the creation of Atal Incubation Centres (AICs). This study is significant in pointing out the role of incubators in producing next generation entrepreneurs.

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Atal Innovation Mission, Atal Incubation Centre, Entrepreneurship, Business Incubators, Ecosystem, Start-ups, University

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Interventional Radiology (IR) has rapidly evolved into a critical subspecialty that performs minimally invasive procedures using image guidance. Radiologic technologists (RTs), or radiographers, play an essential role in the IR suite, and the complexity of procedures demands advanced technical, clinical, and communication skills. This article explores the core competencies and training requirements for technologists in IR, emphasizing the need for standardized education, continuing professional development (CPD), and cross-disciplinary collaboration.

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1. Radiology 2. Interventional Radiology 3. Patient 4. Technologist 5. Patient care 6. Skill

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The liberalization of financial markets during the 1990s facilitated the inflow of Foreign Institutional Investments (FIIs) into emerging economies, including India. This study examines the influence of institutional investors--specifically FIIs and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs)--on the Indian stock market. With India emerging as one of the most attractive destinations for portfolio investments, understanding the investment behaviour of FIIs and DIIs becomes critical for analyzing market movements and volatility. The study is analytical in nature and based on secondary data collected over 55 months, from January 1, 2020, to July 31, 2024. It investigates whether the investments or withdrawals by FIIs and DIIs significantly impact the BSE Sensex, both on the same and succeeding days. Using statistical tools such as correlation and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis (via E Views software), the study evaluates the causal relationship and market responsiveness to institutional investor activities. The findings aim to enhance understanding of market dynamics and provide insights for investors, researchers, and policymakers.

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Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs), Indian Stock Market, BSE Sensex

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 Abstract

RATHORE SASHKO KI PRAMBHIK RAJDHANI OR UNKI SAMSIYAY

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RATHORE SASHKO KI PRAMBHIK RAJDHANI OR UNKI SAMSIYAY

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Chhattiisagadh Raajya Ki Vibhin Yojanaon Ke Madhyam Se Mahilaa Sashaktikaraṇ Ka Adhayan

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Chhattiisagadh Raajya Ki Vibhin Yojanaon Ke Madhyam Se Mahilaa Sashaktikaraṇ Ka Adhayan

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The article highlights the creative process and the main stages of professional activity of a hairdresser-stylist in the context of individual modeling of modern hairstyles. The role of the creative approach in the formation of new forms and silhouettes, which are important components of creating a holistic artistic image, is considered. The mechanisms of combining individual features of the client's appearance with current fashion trends are analyzed. The importance of a harmonious combination of the idea, form, style and technical execution of the hairstyle is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to defining the essence of new fashion and the general idea that influences the creative decisions of a hairdresser-stylist. The materials of the article may be useful for professionals in the beauty industry, teachers and students of specialized educational institutions.

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style, hairstyle, modeling, hairdresser-stylist, fashion, functionality, creative process, artistic image.

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ABSTRACT Globalization has emerged as a transformative force in the contemporary economic landscape, profoundly influencing the nature and scope of commerce and trade across international borders. By enabling the free flow of goods, services, information, technology, and capital, globalization has facilitated the integration of national economies into a cohesive global market. This interconnectedness has opened up vast opportunities for business expansion, market diversification, cost optimization, and technological innovation. Through increased access to global markets, businesses--particularly in developing economies--are now positioned to enhance productivity, attract foreign investment, and compete on an international scale. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the opportunities and challenges posed by globalization in the domain of commerce. By analyzing both the positive and negative ramifications, the study provides actionable insights into how businesses, policymakers, and global stakeholders can strategically respond to globalization's impacts. Key recommendations include fostering inclusive growth, enhancing regulatory frameworks, promoting ethical trade practices, and building resilient commercial infrastructures. The article aims to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable globalization and its implications for international commerce, economic development, and global business strategy.

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Keywords: Globalization, International commerce, Global trade, Economic integration, Market diversification, Technological innovation, foreign investment, Supply chain disruptions, Environmental sustainability, Sustainable globalization, Economic development, Global business strategy

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Crop diseases significantly reduce farming efficiency, resulting in major financial harm and challenges to food supply stability.[1],[2] Conventional methods for perceiving diseases typically demand significant time and rely on expert data. Recent progress in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has made it possible to detect plant diseases automatically with high precision.[3] To achieve better accuracy in plant disease classification, this work proposes a model that fuses Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The CNN extracts deep features from plant leaf images, while RF enhances classification robustness. The model is evaluated on a publicly available dataset, achieving an accuracy of 93.31%, outperforming standalone CNN and RF models. The study highlights the potential of hybrid algorithms in precision agriculture.

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Plant disease detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Random Forest (RF), Hybrid model, Deep learning, Machine learning.

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The field of organoids has witnessed remarkable advancements, emerging as a transformative tool in biomedical research. Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular structures derived from stem cells that replicate the architecture and functionality of real organs. This review aims to comprehensively explore the origin, development, and applications of organoids, emphasizing their potential in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling. A significant focus is placed on the concept of Organoid Intelligence (OI), envisioned as a form of genuine biological computing. OI integrates organ-on-chip systems with computational frameworks, offering revolutionary possibilities in biological computing and artificial intelligence. The paper delves into the application of machine learning (ML) in pharmacy, highlighting how ML algorithms enhance data analysis, predict drug efficacy, and personalize medicine in conjunction with organoid systems. Additionally, the review examines the ethical dilemmas associated with OI, particularly in the context of the Baltimore Declaration. This declaration emphasizes the need for transparency' reproducibility, and ethical considerations in scientific research. By addressing the ethical challenges, this paper seeks to ensure the responsible development and application of OI technologies. The convergence of organoids, OI, and ML promises to redefine the boundaries of computational biology and pharmaceutical sciences. This research review not only provides insights into the technological advancements but also underscores the importance of ethical and regulatory frameworks to guide the future of these innovations. Through a holistic approach, it aims to shed light on the transformative potential of organoids and their implications for science and society.

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Organoids, Drug Discovery, Personalized Medicine, Disease Modeling, Pharmacy Applications. Introduction

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This paper aims at finding the Life Skills and Adjustment of Prospective teachers. A simple random sampling technique was followed to select 1000 prospective teachers from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. The researcher construct and standardized the life skills questionnaire and adopted Adjustment Inventory for College Students (AICS) which was developed and standardized by A.K. P. Sinha, and R.P. Singh using. Mean, SD and 't' values were calculated. The study revealed that there is significant difference in the adjustment of prospective teachers w.r.t the variables - Gender and Locality. Positive correction of life and adjustment of prospective teachers.

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Life Skills, Adjustment, Prospective teachers

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Environmental problems of the modern world--climate change, deforestation, pollution, biodiversity loss--demand a multidisciplinary response that includes literature and the humanities. Ecocriticism, an interdisciplinary field of literary criticism, has emerged as a vital lens for examining the relationship between literature and the natural environment. This paper explores the evolution, theories, and methodologies of ecocriticism, its integration with environmental literature, and the transformative potential it holds for ecological consciousness. Drawing from both Western and non-Western traditions, the study investigates how literature serves not only as a mirror of ecological thought but also as a catalyst for environmental activism and ethical re-engagement with nature. The paper also reviews prominent texts and authors, analyzes theoretical frameworks, and assesses the future trajectory of ecocritical studies in light of ongoing environmental challenges.

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Ecocriticism, Environmental Literature, Nature Writing, Ecofeminism, Deep Ecology, Anthropocene, Climate Fiction

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Enteric coated tablets are solid unit dosage forms intended for oral delivery; they are made to avoid the stomach and release the medication in the small intestine instead. The word "enteric" indicates small intestine; therefore enteric coatings prevent release of medication before it reaches the small intestine. Most enteric coatings work by presenting a coated surface that is stable at the highly acidic pH found in the stomach, but breaks down rapidly at a less acidic (relatively more basic) pH. Enteric coating materials consist of fatty acids, waxes, shellac, polymers, plant fibers, CAP, CAT, PVAP, and HPMCP. This study discusses enteric coating, including its optimal qualities, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discusses the different polymers utilized, their chemical structures, drug selection and mechanism criteria, and the production and assessment processes for enteric coated tablets. Due to their advantages over traditional drug delivery methods, which include longer dose intervals and higher patient compliance, these have recently piqued the interest of several formulators. The study provides an overview of the recent advances in enteric coated tablet

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Coating Process, Evaluation, Enteric coated tablet, Methods of Enteric Coated, ideal characteristic

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