Volume 8 | Issue 6

 Abstract

Large investments, public as well as the private, will be needed in various infrastructure sectors to meet the growing needs of the Indian economy. The public sector would continue to play an important role in building infrastructure and would need to ensure efficient and timely construction of projects within the agreed costs. The various departments and undertakings of the Central Government as well as the State Governments have been undertaking construction projects through the conventional item rate contracts where the Government provides the detailed design as well as the estimates of quantities for different items of work (Bill of Quantities). Payments to the Contractor are made on the basis of measurements of the work done in respect of each item. Experience shows that item rate contracts are prone to excessive time and cost overruns, besides recurrent disputes involving large claims. The reasons for the poor performance of item rate contract include inadequate project preparation and estimation coupled with allocation of several construction risks to the Government.(CIDC).EPC Contracts have long been used in infrastructure sector and proven to be cost and time effective. NITI Aayog in a statement in year 2016 said, all the public sector buildings above 100cr shall be procured via EPC Contracts. This study aims to find out the suitability of EPC contracts in public sector building projects based on certain parameters and success factors of EPC Contracts.

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EPC Contract, FIDIC/NITI AAYOG, Risk management, Public-sector Buildings projects,

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Strength Based Approach, Emotional Resilience, Mental Health, Deficit Based Approach

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Abstract: Marriages are extremely expensive affairs in Afghanistan, with extreme prices for wedding halls, wasteful meals and usually a bride price. The bride price is the money paid by the groom�s family for the bride to her family. It is a challenged tradition that is viewed as having no basis in Islamic law and does not seem in the new draft marriage law. High bride prices can lead to debt for grooms and their families and early marriage to unsuitable men for the daughters of poor men; fathers of many daughters, however, may benefit from the practice.

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Marriage, Tradition, Customs, Wedding. Mahr.

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The article is an attempt to analyse the nature, causes, intensity of the problems faced by the children of street .A special attention is paid to the physically challenged children and their plight. Basically highlighting the quandary faced by these children amid coronavirus pandemic and sensitizing people and decision makers to chip in efforts to help them of their miseries.

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PHILANTHROPY, CHILD LABOUR, DISABILITY, EQUALITY, RIGHTS, SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL WORK

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Wireless Sensor Networks are becoming more and more popular as cost of sensor gets cheaper. A wireless sensor device is a battery-operated device, capable of sensing physical quantities or environmental conditions. They become more and more important for applications like security, traffic monitoring, agriculture, battlefield surveillance, and also used to measure air pressure, temperature, acceleration, etc. Sensors in networks are responsible for four major tasks: data aggregation, sending and receiving data, and in-network data processing. The sensor nodes communicate together by routing protocols. Many routing protocols, data dissemination protocols and power management protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy conservation is an important design issue to increase the lifetime of networks. The reliable routing of packets from sensor node to base station is the important task for the network. Redundant data can increase the size of message. This Increase communication cost, energy consumption and decrease the lifetime. In response to this challenge, over the last few years there have been increasing efforts to minimize energy consumption via new algorithms and techniques in different layers of the WSN, including the hardware layer (i.e. sensing, processing, and transmission), network layer (i.e. Protocols, routing) and application layer. Data aggregation by clustering is an important method to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and improve the bandwidth utilization. The selection of particular routing protocols in network layer depends on the application and network architecture. Much research focuses on a single aspect of WSNs, In this project an energy driven architecture is designed for minimizing the total energy consumption and lossless data aggregation by clustering using Particle swarm optimization and results are compared with existing algorithms.

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Keywords: WSNs, Data Routing, Routing Protocol ,Fuzzy Clustering, PSO ?

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The development and quality evaluation of butter cookie enriched with native Bicol Pili (Canarium ovatum) and Sili-Labuyo (Capsicum frutescens) was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments in replications. It was evaluated using the Nine-point Hedonic scale and employed weighted mean and ANOVA treatments to analyse responses of the sample respondents. Such all-purpose flour (2nd class) star margarine/butter, eggs, baking powder were the main ingredients of the formula. Native pili and sili-labuyo were the added functional ingredients in the development of the sample product and therefore evaluated. This experimental research revealed that among the three replicated treatments tested in the study, Treatment 1 is the most preferred cookie by the respondents as resulted in the survey. There were no dislike responses noted from the respondents. The developed cookie possesses a high level of likeness as to color, palatability, texture, aroma, appearance, and overall consumer acceptability. Moreover, the nutritional contents of the product particularly sili-labuyo contained high levels of vitamins and minerals such as iron, copper, potassium, vitamin A, C, and B-6. Thus, it is recommended that this cookie can be developed using the Treatment 1 formula and can be used as functional ingredients in order to meet the nutritional requirements of individuals with special dietary needs.

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Bicol pili, butter cookie, product development, sensory quality evaluation, sili labuyo

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With ongoing lockdown Covid pandemic and the maximum usage of network technology, electronic marketing and electronic business has been picking up regularly, thereby reforming new business model in the crisis. In the upcoming field of online business, on line shopping has become the future of shopping world where social distancing is in practice. Super markets and shopping malls at present are switching over to and are doing online business of different products & services. This article aims to study about the consumer compulsions towards online shopping. Pre-covid period, on-line shopping in India is extensively influenced by various demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, family size and income besides the covid crisis. At present, during the Covid period self-restricted mobility is also influencing factor on online shopping.

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Covid pandemic, electronic business, online shopping, social distancing, satisfaction and challenges.

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The PRIs are to be responsible for plan and implement the schemes for economic development and social justice at the grass root. Gram Panchayats need to develop a five-year �Shelf of Projects� which involves the identification, ranking and preparation of projects of development activities. The XIVth Finance Commission of India earmarked Rs. 200,292.2 Cr to the panchayats and necessitates urgent need of empowerment of the gram panchayats to plan and implement the projects to fulfil the basic needs of rural people. It is called Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP). All the 2.5 lakhs Gram Panchayats have to prepare the GPDP pertaining to their local problems, conditions and local resources. But unfortunately, the GPs are facing problems like lack of supporting staff, lack of adequate knowledge, skills for planning, etc. This paper made an attempt to analyse the capacity gap, status of preparation of GPDP. This study is an outcome of field study conducted in five states namely Sikkim, Punjab, Kerala, Maharashtra and Bihar

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Gram Panchayat Development Plan - Decentralized Planning - Panchayat Raj Institutions

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Health status of a population is considered as an important economic indicator of development for Indian economy. Health services have a major influence on the social security of individuals and societies, and an important part of a nation�s politics and economy. Health Insurance sector has a long way in India since the opening of the market. Earlier only 2 policies were available Mediclaim and Personal Accident. However with arrival of private insurance companies and standalone health insurance companies there has been tremendous innovation in policies offered in the Indian insurance market. This study is carried out with the objectives to study health insurance market and health finance in India, to study various health insurance products available in India and to study the growth of health insurance market the way of forward. The study has concluded that, the health insurance in India is growing stage and there is wider scope for expansion if insurers provide specialized policy and rural masses for social development.

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Health Insurance, schemes, Social Security, Mediclaim, Health Financing and future of health insurance

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The unprecedented success of Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2014 parliamentary elections has brought a paradigm shift in India�s electoral politics. The party achieved an absolute majority in Lok Sabha on its own. Haryana is one of the states of North-Western region where it did exceedingly well by winning seven out of the eight seats that it had contested and by securing 34.7 percent votes while its vote share was merely 12.1 percent in 2009.

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Haryana Politics

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With the lockdown situation due to Corona Virus pandemic, people are forced to stay at home. As a result, some are forced to stay away from their partners, while others are forced to spend full time with their partners. This has changed the needs of the people for how they express their love and practice sexuality. This paper brings out how digitalization and increasing use of technology have changed the ways people express their love and sexual desires. This paper highlights that something which is to be kept private and secret has gone online, giving new definition to the forms of intimacy.

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love, sexual desires, online dating, boredom, Corona Virus

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ABSTRACT Gaon Panchayat for Reviving Indian Agriculture from COVID 19 Pandemic Devastation Dr. Khagen Das Assistant Professor Pub Kamrup College, Assam, India Email: khagendas77@gmail.com Agricultural sector is considered as the backbone of the rural Indian economy, because around 70% of the rural households in India still depend on agricultural sector for their livelihood. It contributes around 18 percent of India�s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides employment to 50 percent of the country�s workforce. But the occurrence of COVID 19 pandemic has devastated this key sector of rural economic development and brought new challenges. The reverse migration of labourers to the hinterlands, shortage of markets for agricultural products, etc; have created differentiated impact on agriculture across the country. While agricultural operations in the well endowed regions have suffered due to shortage of labour, the remote areas have received an excess supply of labourers. While some areas have suffered from the shortage of supply of food grains, some other areas have made remarkable loss due to lack of demand. It signifies the importance of undertaking of measures strategically for the development of agricultural sector as well as the Indian economy more particularly during post-COVID 19 situation. Recognizing the importance of agriculture and for reviving it, government of India has already announced huge financial package for agriculture and allied sector development. But mere funding from the govt. alone can not revive Indian agriculture. There must be people�s participation in the entire process agricultural policy formulation and implementation in an organized way which is possible only through Gaon Panchayat which is the grass root level organization of the process of democratic decentralization. The responsibility of the development of agriculture and allied sector has already been entrusted to the Gaon Panchayats by the 73rd amendment of the constitution of India. Gaon Panchayats of India can play strategic role in every sphere like labour productivity, marketing, credit, storage, etc. to revive the agriculture sector. In this context, this paper has attempted to throw light on the strategies that may be undertaken by the Gaon Panchayats to revive agricultural sector from COVID 19 pandemic devastation. Keywords: Gaon Panchayat, agriculture, development strategy

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Keywords: Gaon Panchayat, agriculture, development strategy

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In the era of automatic driving technology to maneuver on the far side of the validation stage and into absolute automatic driving, it�s vital to check the security of the automatic driving system [1]. In this paper a completely unique approach of investigating lanes is described. The projected dimension of lanes may be measured exactly by a way of lane detection algorithmic program to find the corresponding position and options of lane markings. Vision systems square measure wide employed in autonomous vehicle systems because of the wealthy info that camera sensors offer of the encircling atmosphere. The proposed system [3] comes with directions obtained throughout human progression of the automobile and uses these to come up with automated labels for learning linguistics primarily based on the path detection model. Alongside, a camera�s correct angle and therefore the path dimension may be non-inheritable by the influential activity. The planned method uses the prediction of a path�s projected dimension and therefore the manner of chase to quicken path detections and to explain positions of path markings on aspects each side adequately one side is obstructed. This drivable path info is crucial significantly in unregulated situations, associated degree is essential for a smart automobile system to create robust driving selections.

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Detection, Driving, Lane, Prediction, Vehicle

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Agricultural systems in India face accumulating economic, ecological and societal challenges, raising concerns about their resilience to shocks and stresses. These resilience issues need to be addressed with a focus on changing the old traditional method with new modern technological method. It is said that modern problems require modern solutions, so be it. We define resilience of a farming system as its ability to ensure the provision of the system functions in the face of increasingly complex and accumulating economic, social, environmental and institutional problems, through �Improvise, Adapt, Overcome�. The methodology deploys a mixed-methods approach: quantitative methods, such as statistics, predictions and modelling, which are used to identify underlying patterns, causal explanations and likely contributing factors; while qualitative methods, such as interviews, online videos, participatory approaches and workshops, access experiential and contextual knowledge and provide more nuanced insights.

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android application, farming tutorial, agriculture, farmers suicide, farming techniques, farming tools, agriculture news, crops information, farming application, resilience, smart farming

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Kolkata has lost a substantial portion of its green cover due to the tropical super-cyclone Amphan. The green casualty consisted mostly of old trees fully grown with a large canopy. Post Amphan it was found necessary to conduct a qualitative survey about the citizen�s stand on the havoc caused by Amphan, their reasons for the disastrous loss of greenery and their stand on future greening of their city. The policy of �right place, right tree� provides technical support towards intelligent greening of cities. The need for urban forestry is to be planned & integrated and systematic approach to urban tree management should be stressed.

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urban greening, sustainable urbanization, urban forestry, super cyclone, biodiversity restoration, Amphan

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Detection of software piracy using source code plagiarism

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Piracy, TFIDF, tensorflow

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For their ability to have higher resolutions and operating speeds, current steering DACs (CSDAC) are most preferred to be used in mixed-signal designs. To improve the static and dynamic linearity in such DACs, compensation techniques such as dynamic element matching (DEM) were introduced, which can be achieved by random swapping of connections between the unary current sources of the DAC. DEM techniques mitigate the amplitude and timing mismatches in a DAC and improve its performance. Various DEM techniques such as GRTC, RRBS and Nested Segment were designed for 3-bit resolution in 130nm CMOS technology and their performances were compared. Due to its deterministic approach and the elimination of random counters, the nested segmented DEM technique provides a better performance compared to other DEM techniques. A reduction of 15.84% in delay and 21.126% in power can be observed in the nested segment structure, compared to GRTC and RRBS techniques respectively. The elimination of random number generators can also reduce the area required for the DEM implementation.

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DAC, CSDAC, DEM, GRTC, RRBS, CMOS

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The aim of this paper was to analyze the determinants of disposal practices of �common good items� in Ethiopian public Universities. To achieve this objective, the researchers employed the explanatory research design using primary sources of data. The questionnaires were distributed to all responsible bodies in property administration a team, purchasing departments, disposal teams of four sampled Universities and the interview was for PPPDSA disposal team leaders at federal level. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and a multiple regression analysis tools on STATA 14 software package and the regression result showed procurement planning effectiveness and Staff competence are positively and significantly affected disposal practice of sampled Universities at 0.019 and 0.005 respectively. Similarly, annual disposal plan and the implementation performance affected the disposal practices of the sampled Ethiopian Public Universities� at 0.008 and 0.0001 respectively. Accordingly, to bring the desired outcome of staff competency and accountability at institutional and country level, �common good items� procurement teams and disposal teams of each sampled universities and disposal teams of PPPDS at federal should work in collaboration so that public assets are protected and public confidence would be built on public institutions. In addition to this, since an improvement in annual disposal implementation performance enhances the disposal practices performance, it is advisable if each sampled University asset administration and disposal team should have their own annual disposal plan and send to the federal so that the federal disposal team leader implements the overall public assets disposal practices timely.

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Audit performance, Internal control system, Multiple regression, Tax Revenue, Ethiopia

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The goal of this paper is to research empirically the role of social media in consumers' decision-making processes. A quantitative survey investigates up to what degree experiences are altered by the use of social media. Customer sentiments on items and administrations are currently progressively overwhelmed by outsiders in advanced spaces, which thusly impact conclusions in the disconnected space. Web-based social networking has engaged purchasers, as advertisers have no control over the substance, timing, or recurrence of online discussions among shoppers. Results show that social media usage influences consumer satisfaction in the stages of information search and alternative evaluation, with satisfaction getting amplified as the consumer moves along the process towards the final purchase decision and post-purchase evaluation.

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Social Media, Consumer, Consumer Behaviour, Marketing, Consumer Decision Process, Purchase, Online sites

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Mohammad Zahir Shah, the son of Mohammad Nader Shah, was born in Kabul in the year (1914) and at the age of 12, when his father was ambassador in France, he was with him and completed his primary education in that country. He became king, of Afghanistan, and France summoned Mohammad Zahir Shah, when Nadir Shah was assassinated in the year 1933and has been killed that time. This article implemented area is that, in the monarchy of Mohammad Zahir Shah�s Afghanistan was cross from the democracy decade, so the constitution of Afghanistan is approval or ratification, and allowed to the media, press, and allowed the political groups in the country, for the activities, the term of Mohammad Zahir Shah�s from (1933) to the end of (1973) in meanwhile in Italy his cousin by the name of Mohammad Doud Khan coup on him And got him up from authority, in his an important keys such as: 2 war world, royal government, coup, political groups and military and political block.

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World War ? imperial system ? Coup ? Political parties ? Military and political blocK

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