Volume 14 | Issue 6

 Abstract

This study examines the impact of resilience on psychological well-being among undergraduate students. Resilience, defined as the capacity to adapt positively to challenges, has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor in mental health and well-being. Psychological well-being, as conceptualized by Ryff and Keyes, encompasses dimensions such as self-acceptance, personal growth, and life purpose. Despite substantial research in the field, there is a paucity of comparative studies examining how varying levels of resilience influence well-being, particularly in the student population. The research employed a comparative design with 100 undergraduate students from the Marathwada region. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and categorized into high and low resilience groups (n = 50 each) based on scores from the Multidimensional Scale of Resilience (MDRS-H). The RYYF Scale of Psychological Well-Being was used to measure psychological well-being across six dimensions. Socio-economic status was controlled to minimize extraneous influences. The findings underscore the critical role of resilience in fostering psychological well-being. Resilient students are better equipped to navigate stress and adversity, resulting in enhanced mental health and life satisfaction.

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Keywords: Resilience, Psychological Well-Being, Undergraduate Students.

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Medication-related problems (MRPs) are highly prevalent among elderly patients due to polypharmacy, multiple chronic diseases, physiological changes associated with aging, and poor medication adherence. Pharmacist intervention plays a vital role in identifying, preventing, and resolving MRPs, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and quality of life in geriatric patients. The present case study was conducted to evaluate the role of pharmacists in reducing medication-related problems in elderly patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. The study included elderly patients aged 60 years and above who were receiving multiple medications for chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disease, and respiratory illnesses. The pharmacist interventions included medication review, identification of drug interactions, dose adjustments, patient counseling, monitoring adverse drug reactions, improving adherence, and communicating with physicians regarding therapy modifications. Various medication-related problems such as unnecessary drug therapy, inappropriate dosing, duplication of therapy, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, and non-compliance were identified. The results demonstrated that pharmacist interventions significantly reduced medicationrelated problems and improved patient understanding, medication adherence, and therapeutic outcomes. The study concluded that clinical pharmacists play a crucial role in geriatric healthcare by optimizing medication therapy and enhancing patient safety. Aging is a natural biological process associated with progressive physiological, psychological, and functional changes that affect overall health and quality of life. The global geriatric population is increasing rapidly due to improved healthcare systems, better disease prevention strategies, and increased life expectancy. Elderly patients are more vulnerable to chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, arthritis, respiratory disorders, and neurological conditions. Management of these chronic diseases often requires long-term use of multiple medications, commonly known as polypharmacy. Polypharmacy significantly increases the risk of medication-related problems (MRPs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug-drug interactions, medication nonadherence, therapeutic duplication, and hospitalization. Medication-related problems are among the major challenges faced in geriatric healthcare and are considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elderly patients experience age-related physiological changes that influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Reduced renal and hepatic function, altered body composition, decreased protein binding, impaired cognition, and poor vision contribute to inappropriate medication use and increased susceptibility to adverse drug events. In addition, elderly patients frequently consult multiple healthcare providers, resulting in complex medication regimens and lack of proper medication monitoring

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Keywords: Elderly patients, Medication-related problems, Pharmacist intervention, Polypharmacy, Adverse drug reactions, Medication adherence.

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Heritage tourism is one of the rapidly growing areas of tourism because it supports cultural preservation, local economic development, and destination sustainability. Amaravati, located on the banks of the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh, India, is an important Buddhist heritage destination with considerable scope for sustainable tourism development. This study examines the linkage between heritage conservation and sustainable tourism development in Amaravati by considering its historical, cultural, religious, architectural, and tourism dimensions. It also discusses the destination's potential for UNESCO World Heritage recognition. The study follows a descriptive and analytical research design and uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from 500 tourists and 250 local residents through structured questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. Secondary information was collected from Ministry of Tourism reports, Andhra Pradesh Tourism publications, UNESCO documents, research journals, books, government reports, and other academic sources. The data were analyzed using percentage analysis, mean score analysis, chi-square test, correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha reliability test with the support of SPSS software. The findings show that heritage conservation has a significant influence on tourist satisfaction, destination image, and sustainable tourism development. Heritage management, tourism infrastructure, environmental sustainability, and community participation are identified as major factors influencing tourism growth in Amaravati. The study also highlights key issues such as inadequate infrastructure, limited promotion, urbanization pressures, and weak coordination among stakeholders. It concludes that integrated conservation measures, sustainable tourism planning, policy support, and international recognition initiatives are necessary to develop Amaravati as a globally recognized heritage tourism destination. This paper contributes to heritage tourism studies by presenting empirical evidence on the role of heritage conservation in sustainable destination development. It also offers practical recommendations for policymakers, tourism authorities, conservation agencies, and researchers.

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Heritage Conservation; Sustainable Tourism; Amaravati; Buddhist Heritage; Cultural Tourism; UNESCO World Heritage; Tourism Development; Andhra Pradesh

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Maintaining good oral hygiene is important for overall health and well-being. One common oral health concern is halitosis (bad breath), which occurs due to the activity of microorganisms present in the oral cavity. Many commercial mouth fresheners and oral care products are used to reduce bad breath; however, these products often contain synthetic additives that may cause side effects such as dry mouth, irritation of oral tissues, and altered taste sensation when used for prolonged periods. As a result, herbal oral care products have gained popularity because they are considered safer, cost-effective, and derived from natural sources. The present study focused on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal liquid mouth freshener using natural ingredients. The formulation consisted of peppermint oil, clove oil, menthol, cardamom extract, fennel extract, honey, stevia, sodium benzoate, and purified water. The preparation involved the separate mixing of aqueous and oil phases, incorporation of herbal extracts, homogenization, and final packaging. The developed formulation was evaluated for various parameters, including organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, and physical stability. The mouth freshener exhibited a pleasant minty aroma, a sweet and cooling taste, good clarity, and easy dispensing characteristics. The pH of the formulation was found to be 5.89, indicating its suitability for oral use. Additionally, the product showed acceptable viscosity and remained physically stable without any phase separation throughout the study period. These findings suggest that the formulated herbal liquid mouth freshener can effectively support oral hygiene and help reduce bad breath while offering the benefits of natural ingredients.

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Herbal liquid mouth freshener, Oral hygiene, Halitosis, Herbal formulation, Peppermint oil, Clove oil, Menthol, Cardamom extract, Fennel extract, Natural oral care, Physicochemical evaluation, Herbal oral healthcare.

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Jataka stories are an ancient, voluminous body of Buddhist literature that chronicle the previous lives of Gautama Buddha before he attained enlightenment. Dating between 300 BCE and 400 CE, these 547 canonical fables depict the future Buddha (referred to as the Bodhisattva, or Buddha-to-be) reincarnated in various forms, including human kings, outcasts, deities, and a wide array of animals. Each story serves as a moral and spiritual framework, illustrating core principles of Buddhist ethics such as karma, compassion, self-sacrifice, and honesty.Famous Examples of Jataka Stories.my point of view the story given good messages. The mahakapi jataka or story of the great monkey appears both in the Pali collection of tales, way of understanding visual &Folk culture.

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Jataka stories, previous life, Valuesðical morality, paintings, panels Works.

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Background: An adolescent who have high degree of self-esteem will achieve problem solving skills, awareness about self, positive attitude towards self and environment. The term 'Bibliotherapy' is a combination of the Greek words for 'therapy' and 'books. Indeed, the Greeks were well-aware of the therapeutic power of books, inscribing over the door of the ancient library at Thebes the phrase "Healing place for soul. The specific objective is: ? To assess the pretest level of self-esteem among adolescents in experimental group and control group. ? To assess the effectiveness of Bibliotherapy by comparing pre and posttest level of self-esteem among adolescents in experimental and control group. Methodology: This chapter deals with the description of methodology and various steps which are undertaken for gathering and organizing data for the investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of Bibliotherapy on self-esteem among adolescents in high schools at Bangalore. Quantitative approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Bibliotherapy. In this study, Quasi experimental non randomized control group design (pretest posttest Control group design) used in this study. Results: The investigator concluded that experimental adolescents had the self-esteem level as 14(46.67%) had low self-esteem, 16(53.3%) had moderate self-esteem and 0 (0%) had high self-esteem. In control group 6(20.0%) had low self-esteem, 24(80.0%) had moderate self-esteem and (0%) had high self-esteem. The comparison of pre and posttest level of self-esteem in experimental group. The pretest mean value of self-esteem was 28.06 with S.D 5.05 and the posttest mean value of self-esteem was 67.06 with S.D 6.88. The calculated Paired 't' value of t = 27.802 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.001 level. Conclusion: The following conclusions are drawn from the findings of the study. Bibliotherapy is more effective intervention to improve the level of self-esteem. The bibliotherapy helps to promote well-being of the persons. The experimental group adolescents were experienced more benefit.

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Evaluate, Effectiveness, Bibliotherapy, Self Esteem, Adolescents

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The study examines the social status of single women in backward and disadvantaged areas of Odisha. The findings of this study revealed that, across all age groups, single women are neglected and harassed. Single women do not get equal status with men in social life. They have been deprived of political, religious, cultural, and family rights. The status of women varies globally and across India. It reflects a complex picture of progress and ongoing challenges. While women's education, workforce participation, and legal rights have improved, significant obstacles remain, such as gender discrimination, violence against women, unequal pay, and limited political representation. Singlehood, in various forms--such as widows, separated women, and divorcees--is defined by social status. Single women are often overlooked in discussions about women's status. This paper presents challenges faced by single women in disadvantaged areas of Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, India.

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Single women, widow, divorcee, challenges, society

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This study aimed to diagnose power quality issues and develop a corrective scheme for the 13.2 kV/7.62 kV Feeder-5 distribution line system connected to the Mabiga Substation of Pampanga II Electric Cooperative, Inc. in Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines. The research specifically investigated recurring problems of low voltage and harmonic distortion affecting residential, commercial, industrial, and irrigation consumers supplied by the feeder. A descriptive-analytical quantitative research design was employed and supported by qualitative validation from utility personnel. Primary data were collected through continuous monitoring using a Class A power quality analyzer installed at critical locations of the feeder, including the transformer tapping point and selected end-of-line areas. Monitoring was conducted for at least seven days to capture variations in load profiles and operational conditions. Measured parameters included balanced voltage magnitude, voltage imbalance, total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDv), and total harmonic distortion of current (THDi). These measurements were statistically analyzed and compared with international power quality standards such as IEEE 519-2022 and IEC 61000. Results revealed persistent undervoltage conditions across several segments of the feeder and elevated harmonic distortion levels, particularly during peak loading periods and in areas with significant nonlinear loads. Industrial and commercial load profiles exhibited the highest harmonic distortion levels, while residential areas generally maintained more stable voltage conditions. Further analysis showed that feeder loading, nonlinear equipment, load imbalance, and aging distribution infrastructure contributed significantly to the observed disturbances. Two corrective scheme proposals were developed and evaluated through load flow and harmonic simulations combined with technical economic comparison. Simulation results indicated that the recommended scheme improved voltage stability, reduced harmonic distortion, enhanced feeder reliability, and minimized system losses. The study provides a practical framework for diagnosing power quality problems and designing effective mitigation strategies in medium-voltage distribution systems, offering valuable guidance for electric cooperatives seeking improved operational performance and regulatory compliance.

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power quality, harmonic distortion, low voltage, feeder distribution system, corrective scheme development

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The Lc50 values of lindane for H. fossilis fish was estimated using the profit method used 0.028 mg/L observation of the tissues were showed that Lindane had profound of the experimental organs the kidney head constriction of the tubular lumen 'Lindane dose of sub lethal concentration is too harmful in H. fossilis the application of the this pesticides close and touched the animal body of water is harmful dangerous for Aquatic life because corpuscles of stannius (C.S.) in valued in calcium and ionic balance regulation and also thyroid is endoenine in nature and regulate to metabolic and physiochemical function for growth and developed. 96 hrs. Lc50 for 10 days histopathological studied necrosis and degeneration of tissue large vacuoles shown hyper activity and altered secretion function the presence of Lindane toxicity. Pathological changed due to the reason of endocrine balance osmoregulation. Metabolism and biological ecological environmental of survival conditions in Lindane nature in Neurotoxicogenic.

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Lindane, water, fishes, exposed tissues, i.e. thyroid (Jaw), corpuscles of stannius (Kidney).

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Pharmacovigilance constitutes a significant aspect of healthcare concerned with identification, evaluation, and prevention of adverse effects caused by drug use. Medical coding serves as an integral component of pharmacovigilance in which medical information is transformed into standardized codes. The present study sought to assess the level of awareness of pharmacy students and healthcare professionals concerning medical coding in pharmacovigilance and career options within the latter domain. The research design involved the distribution of a structured questionnaire among respondents. The questionnaire comprised questions concerning knowledge of pharmacovigilance, awareness of medical coding and associated job options, and willingness to participate in educational activities on the topic. Collected information was statistically analyzed and the results visualized using graphs and tables. The research findings revealed that despite relatively high levels of pharmacovigilance knowledge among the majority of participants, their awareness of medical coding systems and career options within the field remained rather low. At the same time, the number of participants interested in medical coding education turned out to be substantial.

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Medical Coding, Pharmacovigilance, MedDRA, ICD, Career Opportunities

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This paper proposes an AI-Driven Adaptive E-Learning Platform that enhances personalized learning through artificial intelligence and real-time analytics. The system enables students to attend quizzes, view courses, and monitor their learning progress, while instructors create question sets, upload materials, and generate assessments. An AI engine is used to generate MCQs and detect learner emotions during assessments. The platform analyzes quiz performance, emotional responses, and video interaction data such as watch time and pauses to understand learner behavior. Based on this analysis, the system provides personalized content recommendations to improve learning effectiveness. Additionally, an analytics module generates performance reports to help instructors track student engagement and outcomes. The proposed platform supports adaptive, data-driven education and improves overall learning efficiency.

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Artificial Intelligence, Adaptive E-Learning, Personalized Learning, Emotion Detection, Learning Analytics, MCQ Generation, Recommendation System, Student Performance Analysis, Real-Time Analytics, Educational Technology

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The present experimental study aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometric, physiological, and psychological variables on the performance level of sportswomen in Karnataka. The selected variables included anthropometric variable (skinfold thickness), physiological variables (heart rate and VO? Max), and psychological variables (self-confidence and aggressive behavior). Sixty sportswomen aged between 18 and 25 years from various colleges and universities in Karnataka were randomly selected as subjects and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent a scientifically designed 12-week training programme, whereas the control group continued their routine activities without specialized training. Pre-test and post-test measurements were collected using standardized instruments. The data were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, paired t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings indicated significant improvement in physiological and psychological variables and reduction in skinfold measurements among the experimental group. The study concluded that systematic sports training positively influences anthropometric, physiological, and psychological characteristics, thereby enhancing the overall performance of sportswomen.

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Anthropometric variables, Physiological variables, Psychological variables, Sportswomen, Karnataka, VO? Max, Self-confidence, Aggressive behavior.

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International trade plays a crucial role in economic development by enabling countries to specialize according to their comparative advantages and expand market opportunities. However, global trade relations have historically been shaped by structural imbalances between developed and developing countries, limiting the ability of developing economies to fully benefit from global trade integration (World Trade Organization [WTO], 2023). Within South Asia, India and Pakistan represent the two largest economies and share strong geographical, cultural and historical ties. Despite their proximity and complementary production structures, bilateral trade between the two countries remains significantly below its potential due to persistent political tensions, trade restrictions and infrastructural limitations (Taneja, 2013). Agriculture remains a vital sector in both economies, employing a substantial share of the labour force and contributing significantly to national income. Given the similarities in agro-climatic conditions and production patterns, agricultural trade between the two countries holds considerable potential. By analysing existing literature, trade statistics and economic indicators, the study highlights structural constraints and identifies opportunities for strengthening bilateral agricultural trade relations. The findings suggest that improving trade facilitation, reducing non-tariff barriers and strengthening institutional cooperation could significantly enhance agricultural trade between the two countries and contribute to regional economic integration in South Asia.

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India-Pakistan Trade, Agricultural Trade, South Asian Economic Cooperation, SAFTA, Bilateral Trade Relations, Trade Barriers.

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The present study explores the role of Music and its aesthetic aspect in the body movements of the Theyyam ritual dance performance. The study emphasises the physical actions and aesthetic display of the performer in the light of the music he/she is performing, along with the Theyyam dance tradition of Kerala. The research method used is mostly empirical with a qualitative approach. Based on the above set objectives, the intrinsic relationship between Theyyam music and physical movement, as well as the aesthetic aspect, is studied. In this context, music and physical movement are considered together and as essential to each other. The Theyyam environment is smoothened with music and physical movement, and the cultural heritage is preserved.

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Aesthetics, Ritual Performance, Body Language, Heritage, Theyyam, and Music are the key words.

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The Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, subjugated by one of the world's most sediment-heavy and hydrologically unstable rivers, is the setting for a unique anthropological and geological phenomenon known as the char-chaporis which is the shifting riverine islands and sandbars. These amphibious landscapes, which make up about 4-5% of Assam's landmass, are home to almost 2.5 million people, most of them are the Bengali speaking Muslim. They have developed a unique riverine culture based on being mentally strong, moving around the chars, and having a close relationship with water and river. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the char areas, transcending the simplistic dichotomy of land and water to investigate the intricate liquid geography that characterizes the region. The study examines the geomorphological formation of the chars by utilizing geological data, historical records, ethnographic insights, and uses primary data which are collected from the selected char villages, while tracing the sediment dynamics that consistently create and erode these islands seasonally. The focus of the study was on the practice of living with water, which includes the indigenous ways of adapting to a constantly changing landscape through architecture like dismantlable housing, raised platform for housing, agriculture (flood-synchronized cropping), and transportation (the boat economy). By analyzing the relationship between the fluvial environment, socio-economic and cultural identity, this study claims that the riverine culture of the Char areas of Assam is not merely a survival mechanism but a profound expression of resilience.

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Riverine Culture, Resilience, Adaptations, Coping Mechanisms.

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Sriharsho Mahan Darsanikaha - Ekamadhyanam

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Sriharsho Mahan Darsanikaha - Ekamadhyanam

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In mainstream educational environments, inclusive education has become a transformative method that guarantees equity, participation, and accessibility for all students. From Segregation to Participation: Advancing Inclusive Education through Multidisciplinary Pedagogy examines how multidisciplinary pedagogy enhances inclusive practices by addressing the cultural, cognitive, social, and emotional diversity of learners. In addition to discussing cutting-edge tactics like project-based learning, art-integrated learning, and cooperative learning in promoting inclusive classrooms, the study emphasises the historical shift from segregation to meaningful participation. It also highlights how crucial curriculum changes, institutional cooperation, teacher competency, and policy support are to developing fair and learner-centred learning environments. The study comes to the conclusion that multidisciplinary pedagogy is a useful strategy for encouraging holistic development, lowering learning obstacles, and guaranteeing meaningful engagement for everyone. The study comes to the conclusion that multidisciplinary pedagogy is a useful strategy for encouraging holistic development, reducing learning barriers, and ensuring meaningful participation for all learners in contemporary education.

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Inclusive Education, Multidisciplinary Pedagogy, Participation, Learner Diversity, Holistic Development

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Khushwant Singh's novel Train To Pakistan' unfurled a poignant depiction of the tumultuous bloodshed and hatred, consequential to the partition of India in 1947. The research article explored the uncanny themes of land, memory and displacement, entwined with the disconcerting ramification of inter-communal violence and loss of identity. It is the attachment of human emotion with one's land and the fear of displacement from it, that took a humongous toll on the memory of people belonging to the village of Mano Majra. The village provided a microcosmic view of the Indian sub-continent witnessing the destruction of home, life, history and belonging. The social structure of the fictional village stood like that of any other village, having the cultural ethos weaved with harmony in its air. The muslims and sikhs of this victimized village devastated the social fabric of society. In order to preserve one's land and dignity, they were more than eager to murder the innocence of humanity. Undoubtedly, the repercussion of partition could not be envisaged. Lakhs of people got displaced, families parted from each other, women got dehumanized and the ugliest face of human's diabolic and devilish disposition was unleashed. The Train To Pakistan investigated the varied and multi-cultural ethnic groups of inhabitants, lost in the flimsy ghostly shadows.

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bloodshed, communal, harmony, dehumanized

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the way education works today. It helps students learn better, supports teachers in their work, and makes education more organized. This study looks at how AI affects education by collecting opinions and analyzing different areas like personalized learning, automated assessment, and accessibility.Two types of analysis are considered: overall perception and aspect-based impact. Overall, perception shows whether people feel positive or negative about AI in education, while aspect-based analysis focuses on specific areas such as learning support, teacher assistance, and evaluation systems.The results show that AI improves learning speed, understanding, and engagement. However, challenges like overdependence on technology and privacy concerns still exist. The study concludes that AI has a strong positive role in education when used carefully and responsibly.

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Artificial Intelligence, Education, Sentiment Analysis (SA), Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA)

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The rapid growth of digital financial services has transformed the economic landscape of India, particularly among traditionally underserved segments of society. In this context, the Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme, launched by the Government of India in 2020, has emerged as a significant initiative aimed at providing affordable working capital loans to street vendors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond facilitating access to formal credit, the scheme promotes digital financial inclusion through cashback incentives and rewards linked to digital transactions. This study examines the role of PM SVANidhi in accelerating digital financial transformation among street vendors, with a specific focus on the effectiveness of cashback and Unified Payments Interface (UPI) incentives in encouraging digital payment adoption. The research is based on secondary data collected from government reports, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) publications, PM SVANidhi dashboard statistics, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reports, National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) data, journal articles, and other relevant scholarly sources. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to evaluate the scheme's contribution to increasing digital transaction volumes, enhancing financial literacy, and integrating street vendors into the formal financial ecosystem. The findings indicate that cashback incentives and digital transaction rewards have played a crucial role in motivating vendors to adopt cashless payment methods. The widespread use of UPI-based applications has increased transaction transparency, improved financial record-keeping, and strengthened vendors' access to formal financial services. Furthermore, the incentive-based framework has contributed to reducing dependence on cash transactions while fostering confidence in digital payment systems among small-scale entrepreneurs. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate technological infrastructure, cybersecurity concerns, and regional disparities continue to affect the scheme's overall effectiveness. The study concludes that PM SVANidhi has successfully combined financial assistance with digital empowerment, creating a sustainable model for promoting financial inclusion among urban informal workers. The integration of cashback benefits and UPI incentives has not only encouraged digital payment adoption but has also supported the broader objectives of India's digital economy agenda. The research recommends enhanced digital literacy programs, improved technological accessibility, and continuous monitoring of incentive mechanisms to maximize the long-term impact of the scheme. The findings contribute to the growing literature on digital financial inclusion and provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen digital transformation initiatives within the informal sector.

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PM SVANidhi, Digital Financial Inclusion, UPI, Cashback Incentives, Street Vendors, Digital Payments, Financial Transformation, Informal Sector, India.

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