Volume 12 | Issue 6

 Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate whether the connection between individual investments and public investment is nonlinear and what nature it takes. Policymakers and economists are interested in this relationship as it directly influences economic growth, productivity, and welfare. We shall look at numerous empirical investigations, theoretical models, and economist analyses done to perform this review. in economies and settings that are both developed and emerging. We will track how shifts in public investment--infrastructure, spending, government-funded initiatives, etc.--affect the actions of private investors. According to several studies, public and private investment dynamics are nonlinear. For instance, by lowering company expenses, boosting confidence, and enhancing infrastructure, a rise in public expenditure can encourage private investment. Nevertheless, increases in public investment may have the unintended consequence of decreased returns or even crowding out, in which case private investments are driven out by rising interest rates or declining market confidence. Further studies emphasize how institutional elements, the formulation of policies, and the state of the economy influence the character of public and private investments.

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Private Investment, Public Investment, Non-linear relationship

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?????????, ???????? ???, ???????, ????, ??????, ?????????, ??????

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Naaree shiksha ke agradoot : mahaatma jyotiba phule

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Naaree shiksha ke agradoot : mahaatma jyotiba phule

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Introduction: The integration of modern technology into traditional enterprises in the Birbhum district has significantly boosted tribal entrepreneurship, leveraging cultural heritage and traditional skills. Mobile technology and internet connectivity have enabled local artisans to sell products online, transcending geographical boundaries. Objectives: The study evaluates technology adoption in tribal communities, identifies key tools for entrepreneurial activities, assesses the economic impact of tech-driven entrepreneurship, analyzes challenges faced by tribal entrepreneurs, and suggests strategies for enhancing technological integration to empower these communities economically. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach and thematic analysis to analyze policy documents and secondary data on tech-driven entrepreneurship in Birbhum District, identifying patterns and themes related to technology adoption and economic empowerment. Findings: The study reveals that tech-driven entrepreneurship has increased household income by 25% in tribal communities involved in digital marketplaces and online businesses. However, barriers like lack of digital literacy and inadequate infrastructure hinder widespread adoption. Current policies show moderate effectiveness, with 60% satisfaction rate among beneficiaries. Conclusion: Tech-driven entrepreneurship in Birbhum District is empowering tribal communities through improved market access and financial transactions. However, barriers like digital literacy and infrastructure need to be addressed for broader economic benefits, necessitating further policy enhancements focusing on technical support and infrastructure.

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Tech-driven entrepreneurship, technology adoption, economic empowerment, tribal communities, Birbhum District, digital inclusion, digital literacy, policy analysis.

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It tries to transparent and contrive strategies that will make the women working as artisans into successful entrepreneurs and, at large, market their handicraft products. The research seeks to find out viable approaches toward their economic and social empowerment, considering certain challenges that are unique to women engaged in the artisanal sector. It will be a mixed-method study, with in-depth qualitative interviews of women artisans and entrepreneurs, while on the other end, it shall have quantitative analysis with market trends and consumer behaviours. The major findings underline the importance of skill development and access to financial resources and usage of digital marketing platforms. For that matter, it also emphasizes community support networks and policy interventions as instrumental in driving a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem. These suggested recommendations are part of a strategic framework toward enhancing the visibility and profitability of women-led handicraft businesses and therefore contribute to larger socio-economic development and gender equality. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders, including policymakers, non-governmental organizations, and market practitioners, aiming to enhance the entrepreneurial capacities of women artisans and promote the global marketability of their crafts.

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Handicrafts, women Artisans

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major health concern, as described by the World Health Organization (WHO), affecting people of all ages, including school-aged children. LBP can hinder movement, diminish quality of life, and impact mental well-being. Non-specific LBP, accounting for about 90% of cases, occurs without an identifiable disease or structural issue, while specific LBP is linked to pathologies. This study aims to assess the prevalence of Non Specific LBP among schoolchildren, evaluate pain intensity, and identify activity limitations due to LBP. Methodology: This observational study was conducted in the Northern state of India, involving schoolchildren aged 11-16 years. The study included children without musculoskeletal or systemic diseases and with normal BMI. Participants were surveyed for LBP using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Hanover Functional Ability Questionnaire. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained before data collection. Results: Among the surveyed students, 200 (13.33%) reported experiencing LBP, with 82 boys and 118 girls affected. Pain intensity ranged from 1 to 5 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Functional ability assessment revealed no significant correlation between pain levels and limited functional activities. Specific activities like reaching high levels from the floor were more frequently affected, while activities such as getting up from bed were less impacted. Conclusion: The study concluded a notable prevalence of LBP among schoolchildren, with moderate pain intensity and mild impact on functional activities. These findings align with previous studies and highlight the need for targeted interventions to manage and prevent LBP in this population.

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Keywords: Low back pain, school-aged children, prevalence, pain intensity, functional activities, non-specific back pain.

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This study explores how banks communicate their commitment to ESG principles and assesses the effectiveness of different communication channels on customer engagement. Using a descriptive, qualitative research design, data were collected through questionnaires and secondary sources from 30 respondents at SBI in the Medchal Division, selected via simple random sampling. The analysis, involving chi-square tests and bar graphs, supported the hypothesis that effective communication of sustainability practices positively impacts customers.The findings highlight the importance of clear, transparent communication about sustainability initiatives. By utilizing websites, social media, and other channels to share their environmental and social efforts, banks can build trust and engage customers. Tailoring messages to diverse audiences and regularly updating progress are essential strategies for demonstrating commitment to sustainability and attracting customers who prioritize responsible banking.

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sustainability initiatives, social media, essential strategies, engage customers.

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This paper explores the life and intellectual contributions of Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, during the vibrant cultural milieu of medieval India. Dara Shikoh's legacy is characterized by his deep engagement with Hindu and Sufi philosophies, exemplifying a unique multicultural vision that sought to bridge religious divides through scholarly pursuits and dialogue. His translations of Hindu scriptures into Persian and his seminal work, "Majma-ul-Bahrain" (The Mingling of Two Oceans), underscore his belief in the unity of spiritual truths across traditions. Despite facing opposition, Dara Shikoh's advocacy for religious pluralism and mutual respect continues to resonate in contemporary discussions on religious harmony and cultural diversity in India.

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Dara Shikoh, Mughal Empire, multiculturalism, Hinduism, Sufism, religious pluralism, Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, Persian translations, Majma-ul-Bahrain

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Arms laws in India are pivotal instruments shaping public safety, national security, and individual rights. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the socio-legal landscape surrounding arms regulation in India, juxtaposing it with international perspectives for a nuanced understanding. Beginning with a historical overview, it traces the evolution of arms legislation in India, exploring colonial legacies and post-independence reforms. The analysis encompasses statutes such as the Arms Act, 1959, and subsequent amendments, scrutinizing their legislative intent, scope, and enforcement mechanisms. The socio-legal dimension delves into the cultural, economic, and political contexts influencing arms ownership and usage patterns in Indian society. It addresses issues of public safety, crime prevention, and the delicate balance between individual liberties and collective security interests. Furthermore, the comparative analysis contextualizes India's arms laws within the global framework, contrasting regulatory approaches, enforcement practices, and societal attitudes towards firearm ownership across different jurisdictions. Insights from countries with varying levels of gun control inform discussions on policy efficacy and potential reforms.

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Arms Regulation, Socio-Legal Analysis, Comparative Study, Firearms Legislation, Public Safety

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Introduction: This study assesses the mental health disparities between male and female national-level coaches in India, aiming to understand the influence of gender on various components of mental health within the coaching profession. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, involving 100 national-level coaches (50 male and 50 female) in India. Data were collected on mental health and its components, including Positive Self-Evaluation, Perception of Reality, Integration of Personality, Autonomy, Group-Oriented Attitudes, and Environmental Competence. Independent samples t-tests were used for the analysis. Results and Discussion: Significant gender differences were found in several components of mental health. Male coaches reported higher overall mental health scores, Positive Self-Evaluation, Group-Oriented Attitudes, and Environmental Competence. Female coaches demonstrated a higher Integration of Personality. No significant differences were observed in Perception of Reality and Autonomy. These findings suggest that gender-specific factors influence the mental health of coaches, highlighting areas where targeted interventions could enhance well-being and professional effectiveness. Conclusion: The study reveals significant mental health disparities between male and female national-level coaches in India, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive support programs in the coaching profession. Tailored interventions addressing the identified disparities can contribute to the development of a more supportive, effective, and inclusive coaching environment.

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Mental Health, Gender Differences, Positive Self-Evaluation, Perception of Reality, Integration of Personality, Autonomy, Group-Oriented Attitudes, Environmental Competence, Sports Psychology

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The recent growth of e-commerce sector and the advent of modern technologies have led to a paradigm shift in the buying pattern of consumers from conventional shopping to online shopping. Internet accessibility has become much easier through modern equipments' such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc. People desire a fast-paced existence in today's hectic world. Consumers are enticed to shop online to reduce transportation costs, gain access to a wide selection, take advantage of return and exchange policies, and shop whenever they want at their door step. However, occasionally a lack of tangibles, poor after-sales support, and unsecured payment methods prevent consumers from shopping online. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence consumers' unwillingness to shop online, specifically with regard to Ahmedabad City. A structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data from 1001 respondents selected purposively from Ahmedabad City of which 243 respondents preferred not to shop online. The findings imply that "Lack of Assurance Factor" as one of the major factors depicting the reasons to not shop online which comprises of items such as Lack of Confidence, Scarcity of Authentic Services, Lack of Tangibility and Lack of Satisfaction.

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Barriers, Online Shopping, Ahmedabad City, Factor Analysis

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Statistical tools used for the study include planning, designing, collecting data, analyzing, drawing meaningful interpretation and reporting of the research findings in Management. The statistical analysis of the data gives meaning for the data selected and thereby breathing life into a lifeless data. The results and inferences are precise only if proper statistical tests are used. This paper will try to focus the reader with the basic research tools that are utilized while conducting various studies. This article covers a brief outline of the variables, an understanding of quantitative and qualitative variables and descriptive statistics. Establishment of relationship and strength of relationship through regression modelling. An idea of the sampling and sample size concept to estimate the required no of samples for the study. Testing of hypothesis procedure framework and significance of statistical errors leads to decision making process with the help of parametric and non-parametric tests used for data analysis.

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statistical tools, variables descriptive statistics, Regression Modelling, parametric tests and non-parametric tests, Analysis of variance and Decision Making process

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This research investigates the impact of retail service quality on customer reactions, emphasizing the mediating role of retailer personality. Retail service quality is defined through dimensions like tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which collectively shape customer perceptions and experiences. The study examines how these dimensions influence customer satisfaction, loyalty, and word-of-mouth behave. It also explores how the perceived personality of a retailer--characteristics such as sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness--mediates the relationship between service quality and customer reactions. Analysis of survey data from retail customers reveals that high service quality enhances customer satisfaction and loyalty, and promotes positive word-of-mouth. Moreover, the findings indicate that retailer personality significantly mediates this relationship, suggesting that customers' perceptions of a retailer's personality traits are crucial in translating service quality into positive customer outcomes. This research contributes to retail management literature by underscoring the significance of both service quality and retailer personality in shaping customer reactions, offering valuable insights for retailers to enhance their service strategies and customer engagement.

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Retail service, customer reaction, mediating effect

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Abstract: An eco- friendly product has been the primary agenda of 21st century of the gldobal scientists. Herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the global market. The aim of present work is to In-house preparation, development and evaluation of herbal cosmetics compact powder using various natural powders for glowing skin by using natural Ingredients. The natural powders used are shade dried commercial groundnut shell powder, rose powder, orange peel powder. Sandalwood powder. The groundnut shell is a lignocellulosic material composed of cellulose act as moisturizing agent and lignin which act as a skin whitening agent as it act as tyrosinase inhibitor and also act as SPF. There are two undertones in human that is warmer tones carry yellow color and cooler tones carry pink color so this semi herbal compact powder contains both. The evaluation parameter including macroscopical, Physiochemical, irritancy, antimicrobial tests along with stability studies. we found good flow properties, free from skin irritation and maintained proper stability storage conditions. Results of this study scientifically verified that compact powder provide an even tone with glow. The overall study is useful to substantiate product claims due to its benefits on the human being.

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Keywords: Eco-friendly, Compact Powder, Groundnut shell, lignocellulosic, Undertones.

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The sea has various restricted areas, including maybe some exclusive economic zones and dangerous zones where a lot of marine boats may accidentally or purposely stray. Additionally, a lack of real-time vessel position data contributes to a high number of collisions in the sea. Without a precise vessel's position, rescue attempts are exceedingly challenging. Numerous studies have been conducted to estimate the location of vessels in the sea to help rescue personnel assist the stranded vessels. Extended time-interval forecast of ship position is needed in light of both efficient ship allocation by shipping corporations based on worldwide freight demand and maritime situational awareness (MSA). At various information levels, decision-making and action planning can be aided if a ship's position is predicted. In order to detect vessels in the water, our present research attempted to conduct thorough as well as crucial analysis of around 70 pertinent prior works that were published in academic journals throughout a twenty-two-year period (2000-2022). The following themes received particular attention: (I) the machine learning algorithms utilized and their suitability in this domain;(II) the factors and hypotheses influencing the location also the source of study; and (III) The relevant measures for error and accuracy used in the location predicting process. We conclude by summarizing the difficulties and prospects for more study on this topic.

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Exclusive Economic Zones, Marine Situational Awareness (MSA)

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People around the world have been using natural products to improve their appearance for as long as humans have existed. In ancient Egypt B.C. There is evidence of the use of cosmetics as far back as 3000 years ago, and the use of cosmetics has become an important part of our daily lives in all cultures. Originally, natural ingredients were used in beauty products; Natural products are back and popular cosmetics are now derived from plants. Herbal products (natural products) have long been used as food and medicine. Many natural products are used in cosmetics, skin care (such as dryness treatment, eczema and acne treatment), antibiotics, vaccines, anti-aging, hair care products (such as hair extensions, hair dyes), dandruff and dandruff. other scalp issues, skin protection and toiletries. Essential oils are the main components of plants; For example, in the cosmetics industry, natural products that eliminate the side effects of herbal cosmetics such as Amla, Shikakai and Priyangu, which are widely used in skin care, meat and hair care, are used. Indian women also use natural products like Pterocarpus santalinus L. and Turmeric (skin care), Lawsonia inermis L. It is used together with natural oils such as (hair color), coconut oil, olive oil, shea butter, jojoba oil and essential oils in body fragrances

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Cucumber peels , Aloe vera , Rose , Herbal , Cosmetics

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This study aims to explore the determinants shaping employee attitudes and behaviors towards environmental sustainability and evaluate the efficacy of current Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies in fostering green practices within organizations in India. By integrating insights from organizational behavior and sustainability literature, the research identifies key factors influencing employees' pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors, such as organizational culture, individual values, and perceived organizational support. A survey of 50 employees was conducted. The data were analyzed using Simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the company which supports environment friendly activities does affect the employee behavior. This study suggests that effective HRM strategies, including green recruitment, performance management, and reward systems, are instrumental in reinforcing sustainable practices. This study provides actionable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders to refine their strategies, thereby contributing to the broader goal of environmental sustainability.

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Employee green behavior, sustainability, employee attitude

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Static (or other forms of energies) change when we move an object against gravity. But how is the question. It can be explained in a few equations. 0=1-1=1 0=0/0=1 0=-0=+1=1etc

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Energy change

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Abstract :- It is said, 'Knowledge is Power' and information is the main source of knowledge. With the vacuity of information, people can develop and explore their full eventuality on its timely application. The overall individual sphere like personality, stations, socio- political, and profitable capabilities substantially are shaped by the information available to them. Right to Information (RTI) is the key to strengthening participatory republic. It will give thrust to the growth of the State through better governance and responsibility in all spheres of the State's functioning. Access to sanctioned information can empower the people of all stake holders especially the weaker sections of society. It will help them claim their rights and boons without infringing on the rights and boons of others. In the absence of timely inflow of information and responsibility, no number of programs can bring about development nor its colourful programmes can truly ameliorate in the standard of people's life. Public participation through RTI is anticipated to help check corruption, injustice, biasness, detainments, and misinformation in the government departments. It is anticipated to encourage public authorities to do down with maintaining sanctioned secretiveness and go for openness to sanctioned information to bring effective governance. Right to Information is an introductory mortal right of every human being. The famed French champion Michel Foucault formerly editorialized, power is deduced from knowledge and information is the introductory element of knowledge. Information makes men wise and it is competent enough to manage up with the ultramodern world. So, it is the duty of government to inform citizens about day to day passing whatever within the government. The metamorphosis from governance to good governance is possible, if there's possibility of adding participation of people in governance and free access of information. By realizing this fact, Indian congress has passed Right to information act, 2005 to make government, responsible, responsible, effective, and transparent. This discussion tries to punctuate the introductory guideline of RTI act, significance & the relationship between Right to information act and good governance and the issues relating to RTI act. In concluding part, the paper provides some core recommendations for successful functioning of RTI act. Attempt has also been made to make a distinct comparison on RTI legislation between India and developed nations. Right to information (RTI) is exercised as a tool for promoting participatory development, strengthening popular governance, and easing effective delivery of socio- profitable services. In the knowledge society, in which we live moment, accession of information and new knowledge and its operation have violent and pervasive impact on processes of taking informed opinions. Right to Information Act, 2005, is nominated as the stylish tool for bringing good governance in the society. This right has been honoured in numerous transnational instruments and is seen not just a hand of the right to freedom of speech and expression but also as a right that is necessary for the exercise of civil and political rights and socio- profitable and artistic rights. Right to Information means the right to have access to information relating to a legal right of any person. This information could be in the form of records, lines, registers, maps, data, delineations, reports etc, told the information regarding some matters that could affect a person's rights. This means that a positive duty is cast on a person to give certain types of information without staying to be asked for it. This would include information on issues concerning systems that directly affect the people or the terrain, information on health, husbandry, rainfall conditions etc.

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o Keywords: 1. Right to Information 2. Participatory Democracy 3. Civil Right 4. Parliament 5. Data 6. Good Governance 7. Democracy 8. Transparency 9. Legal Right 10. Accountability

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Purpose: The study aims to identify and measure the banking activities, especially the financial performance of Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) in India, until December 2022. The study was conducted using data available from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the interpretation of results is mainly based on the researcher's observations. The purpose of the study is to estimate the values obtained in a few selected indicators that are considered benchmarks to measure the performance of UCBs. Methodology: The key statistical data and also the financial statements of Urban cooperative banks from 2020-21 to 2021-22 are considered for the current research work. The camel model and calculation of CAGR (compound annual growth rate) have been conducted to identify the financial model followed by these banks across India. The conclusion is drawn based on the output value of the defined calculations. Finding: The study revealed the key financial indicators and their impact on banks' performances especially for the urban cooperative banks in India. Since the Urban cooperative banks all over India were considered, it also gives a clear picture of their growth aspects. Originality: It may be used for the state-level and central-level banking associations with special regard to Urban cooperative banks to take some major steps in bringing the fallings of banks and to support the banks with new strategies. Utilitarian implication: Nowadays there has been a renewed focus on UCBs by both state and central governments, and even from the investors and stakeholders which has attracted many researchers to conduct these types of studies. This helps future investors and customers to know the financial position of these banks before making big decisions. Paper Type: This paper is conducted using secondary data using a few basic formulas, hence it is Analytical research. Keywords: Camel model, UCBs, Key financial indicators, Growth rates.

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Keywords: Camel model, UCBs, Key financial indicators, Growth rates

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