Volume 13 | Issue 6

 Abstract

: Aim: To assess the effectiveness of an information booklet on the knowledge of staff nurses regarding risk factor assessment for severe COVID-19 illness. Methodology:A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used. Sixty staff nurses from a selected hospital in Indore were chosen through purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results:The mean pre-test knowledge score was 13.90 and post-test was 21.12. A significant improvement was observed (t = 16.73, p < 0.05). No significant association was found with demographic variables. Conclusion: The information booklet was effective in improving knowledge among staff nurses about risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness.

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Effectiveness, knowledge, COVID-19, staff nurses, information booklet, evaluatory approach.

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Role of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in women empowerment in Rajasthan

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Role of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in women empowerment in Rajasthan

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Abstract: In the mainstream society, the problem of land alienation is not considered a serious issue. But for the Adivasis, the tribal population, this is not an issue which is something unimportant. It's a question of their existence. Land alienation isn't something which is to be considered unimportant. It's because, for the tribal community, the land, the soil to which they were born is associated to their culture, custom, tradition and identity. It's their lifeline. The tribals who are known as the original inhabitants of the land were alienated from their own forests, hills and mountains which they considered as their habitat, when the British colonial rulers converted them as government property and reserved areas. Even after India's independence, the people of the mainstream society of Kerala migrated from low lying plains to the hills and forests and grabbed their land. This research deals with the historical movements which took place at Muthanga in Wayanad which is one among many land struggles movements where the tribals carried out movements to claim their promised land. This research aims to analyze the historical background of the movement and the situations that led to the outbreak of the movement.

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Key words: Tribes, Adivasis, Agitation, Promised Land, Wayanad, Muthanga, Land Alienation, Marginalization, Paniyars, Adiyans, Kurichiyans, Land Struggle.

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Discussion of words in grammar and Vedanta views:

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Discussion of words in grammar and Vedanta views:

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The contribution of Vedic literature to the knowledge of ancient culture is indisputable. In addition to agriculture and animal husbandry, another important means of material development during the Vedic period was trade and commerce. There was a close relationship between agriculture and animal husbandry and the village because the village was the center of economic production in ancient times. Most of the necessities of life for people were available from the village. The word 'subar?a' is mentioned in many places in Vedic literature. The desire to become a rich man is also seen in the Rigveda. The description of art found in the Yajurveda also shows the development of civil life. That is, in the Vedic period, there was a city along with village life. Moreover, since there was a king, it is natural for a city to develop as an administrative center. As a result of a large human community living together, trade and commerce began in search of fulfillment of daily needs. The word trade is derived from the word 'ba?ika', which means a merchant. In a mantra of the Yajurveda, it is said '?????? ??????'1? That is, it is clearly understood that trade and commerce began in the Vedic period.

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ba?ika, traders, Nishkas, V?rt?

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In today's modern era, where you find the presence of many female workers in various fields, maintaining a balanced work-life remains a significant challenge for most women. They generally struggle between their work responsibilities and domestic duties. This study explores the role of home appliances - such as robotic vacuum cleaners, smart phones and televisions, smart lights and Echo Dot (Alexa) - in reducing household workload and enhancing better time management for female employees. By automating repetitive and time consuming activities, these devices not only boost efficiency but also enable women to allocate more time towards career growth, personal care and family. This study highlights how the use of smart home appliances contribute to physical and mental well-being by reducing stress, promoting structured routines, and encouraging shared household responsibilities among family members. Furthermore, it addresses the broader implications of poor work-life balance, such as health risks, decreased productivity, and strained personal relationships. The research aims to assess the socio-economic backgrounds of working women and analyze the extent to which home appliances support them in maintaining equilibrium between professional and personal life, thereby contributing to individual well-being and organizational success.

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Female Employees, Work-life Balance, Physical and Mental Health, Home appliances

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This paper attempts to unravel how a comparative study of Margaret Atwood's Bodily Harm and The Blind Assassin presents before the readers the manner in which the dichotomies of ageism often coincide with those of sexism. Through these works, Atwood seems to suggest that a young woman's diseased body produces a higher societal discomfort by overturning truisms about youth, which is reflected in disease-mediated transformations of women's self-consciousness and patterns of social interaction in the novels. This paper also provides an analysis of the social unease and the fear of death that stems from the experience of disease and illness by addressing social intersection between disease, age and gender. It provides insights about how women's diseased bodies and illness experiences are treated by the medical establishment, and connects them with how Atwood highlights the gendered specificities of illness as a lived experience. The current study intends to generate greater sensitivity towards the issues it addresses and thus bring about social awareness through literary and cultural analysis.

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Body, Disease, Illness, Age, Gender, Lived Experience

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Smart Search is an advanced search engine that leverages state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to significantly improve search accuracy and efficiency. By combining traditional keyword-based methods (TF-IDF) with modern semantic models (Word2Vec and BERT) through an ensemble approach, Smart Search delivers highly relevant results in real time. The system achieves 89% accuracy with the ensemble approach, outperforming individual models while maintaining reasonable computational requirements. This project demonstrates the effectiveness of ensemble learning in information retrieval, providing a comprehensive framework for intelligent search systems that can be applied across various domains and use cases.

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Machine Learning, Search Engine, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, BERT, Ensemble Learning, Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Deep Learning, Semantic Search

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More than 40% of newly developed chemical compounds exhibit poor water solubility or lipophilic characteristics, posing a significant challenge in formulating suitable dosage forms. While various conventional techniques have been explored, nanotechnology, particularly nanosuspensions, offers a promising solution to enhance the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs. A nanosuspension is a colloidal dispersion of drug particles, typically ranging from 10 to 1,000 nanometers, stabilized by surfactants. This reduction in particle size dramatically increases the surface area, leading to improved dissolution rates and enhanced bioavailability, as explained by the Noyes-Whitney equation. Nanosuspension technology not only addresses solubility and bioavailability issues but also modifies drug pharmacokinetics, improving safety and efficacy. This review article discusses the advantages, drug selection criteria, formulation considerations (including stabilizers, surfactants, and co-surfactants), and preparation techniques such as bottom-up (precipitation) and top-down (media milling, high-pressure homogenization, melt emulsification, emulsification solvent evaporation, wet milling, supercritical fluid process, and dry co-grinding) approaches. Furthermore, it details the characterization methods for nanosuspensions, including particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, crystalline state, pH, and stability. The diverse applications of nanosuspensions in oral, parenteral, dermal, targeted, ocular, and pulmonary drug delivery are also highlighted, demonstrating their versatility and potential to revolutionize drug delivery systems.

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Keyword - Nanosuspension, Poorly soluble drugs, Bioavailability, Particle size reduction

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The present study investigates the interaction effect of school type (government and private) and socio-emotional climate (rich and poor) on the academic achievement of students. The socio-emotional climate of a school, characterized by the quality of interpersonal relationships, emotional support, and overall psychological environment, plays a critical role in shaping students' learning outcomes. Employing a 2x2 factorial design, the study examines how the combination of school type and socio-emotional climate influences students' academic performance. A sample of students from government and private schools was selected, and their academic achievement was measured in relation to their school's socio-emotional climate. The data were analysed using Two-Way ANOVA to explore the main effects of school type and socio-emotional climate, as well as their interaction effect. Results revealed a highly significant main effect of school type (F = 1297.12, p < 0.01), with private school students outperforming their government school counterparts in academic achievement. However, the main effect of socio-emotional climate was not significant (F = 1.93, p > 0.05), suggesting that socio-emotional climate alone does not significantly influence academic performance. A significant interaction effect (F = 218.95, p < 0.01) was observed, indicating that the relationship between socio-emotional climate and academic achievement differs by school type. Private school students performed well regardless of the socio-emotional climate, whereas government school students' performance was more adversely affected by a poor socio-emotional climate. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions in government schools to improve socio-emotional climates and bridge the academic performance gap. The study highlights critical implications for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in enhancing educational equity and student outcomes.

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Keywords: Socio-emotional climate, school type, academic achievement, government schools, private schools, interaction effect

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This study explores the formulation and evaluation of an herbal hair serum incorporating fenugreek seed and curry leaves extracts, combined with jojoba oil, coconut oil, and vitamin E, to promote hair health. Fenugreek seeds, rich in proteins and nicotinic acid, strengthen hair and prevent hair loss, while curry leaves, high in antioxidants, promote hair growth and prevent premature graying. The serum leverages the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds found in plant extracts. The aim was to prepare and evaluate a preliminary batch of herbal hair serum containing (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) and (Murraya Koenigii) to optimize the formulation. Rationale includes the reduction of dandruff and scalp irritation, prevention of hair thinning and premature graying, deep moisturization, and promotion of healthy hair growth through improved scalp circulation.

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Fenugreek Seeds, Curry Leaves, Natural Ingredients, Herbal Hair Serum

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ABSTRACT In today's context, cultural diplomacy emerged as a strategy to reinforce international relations by promoting mutual understanding, respect and collaboration. This approach, recognized as a type of soft power, has become significant in case of India and Taiwan, where common Buddhist customs form the basis for stronger bilateral connections. Through the encouragement of Buddhist cultural interactions, both countries seek to transcend boundaries and address modern challenges by drawing on the compassionate, wise and morally upright aspects embedded in Buddhist doctrines. Efforts like academic partnerships, cultural events and diplomatic meetings highlight the capacity of Buddhism as a powerful tool for enhancing international relations, resolving conflicts, to overcome cultural barriers, establishing a stage for harmonious cohabitation and joint advancement. This method not only reinforces diplomatic ties but also fosters global peace and stability by highlighting shared values and a collective human experience. This paper will emphasize that leveraging cultural diplomacy particularly through the lens of Buddhism as a means to bridge differences, build trust and work towards common goals.

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Cultural Diplomacy, Soft power, Buddhism, Bilateral, Harmonious

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The Mahakumbh Mela is one of the largest religious gatherings in the world, held every 12 years in rotation among four blest places of India: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It is a major Hindu pilgrimage and cultural festival that attracts millions of devotees, saint and tourist from across the globe. The event is founded in ancient mythology and is associated with the legend of the Samudra Manthan, during which drops of blest of amrit fell at the four a mentioned sites. The Mahakumbh Mela involves ritual bathing in the holy rivers, religious, discourses, devotional singing, and mass feeding of the poor. Beyond its religious significance, the mela also represents a complex logistical undertaking and a unique socio-cultural Occurrence. It showcases India's spiritual heritage, cultural diversity, and collective devotion, while also posing challenges related to crowd management, sanitation, and infrastructure. Keywords : Kumbh Mela, Samudra Manthan, Amrit, Moksha, Shahi Snan, Triveni Sangam, Paush Purnima, Mauni Amavasya, Basant Panchami, Maghi Purnima, Maha Shivratri.

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Kumbh Mela, Samudra Manthan, Amrit, Moksha, Shahi Snan, Triveni Sangam, Paush Purnima, Mauni Amavasya, Basant Panchami, Maghi Purnima, Maha Shivratri.

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Context: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the white matter of the central nervous system. The disorder is found more commonly in young adulthood, out of which women represent a huge stakeholder group, which is approximately 70% of the total affected population. Common symptoms usually represent general fatigue, muscular weakness, spasticity, ataxia, sensory disturbances, cognitive and autonomic dysfunctions, with a very low level of daily physical activity due to detraining and deconditioning. The study's objective was to determine the effect of the exercise training program as a part of an inpatient rehabilitation program on various systems of the body. Study Designs and Settings: This case report was conducted in the OPD at the Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy, Latur, Maharashtra. Methods: A 30-year-old female who was diagnosed case of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis was referred to our center for outpatient rehabilitation. The patient receives a Structured aerobic exercise programme, Treatment for low back pain, Progressive resistance exercises (PRE) for improving the strength of upper and lower limbs, Kegel's exercises for PFM strengthening, and Exercises to improve the strength of core muscles. The intervention was given 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures was 6 minute walk test (6MWT), PFT, Peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2), fatigue severity scale, numerical pain rating scale NPRS, Heart Rate (HR), Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure (B.P), Berg Balance Scale for balance assessment, Multiple Sclerosis Quality Of Life(MSQOL)-54 Instrument. Results: 6 minutes walking distance, which is increased by 60 meters. A MIC adjusted for improvement of 19.7 m (95%CI 9.8-30.9 m) was found in one study, improvement of 19.7 m (95%CI 9.8-30.9 m) was found in one study, There was no significant changes was observed in PFT FEV1:85 & FEV1/FVC RATIO:0.8 which was improved by FEV1:90 & FEV1/FVC RATIO:0.8, Fatigue severity scale score was increased by 16 points, NPRS 8 before intervention which was reduced to NPRS 3 after 8 weeks, MSQOL-54 score was increase from 20/30 to 25/30, Berg balance scale score was increased from 51/56 to 54/56, Pelvic floor muscle function would not show any significant improvement. Conclusion: findings have concluded that managing the MS patient as a whole and considering every system can lead to significant improvement in as a therapeutic protocol to restore patient mental health, improve the general QoL, and fatigue that occurs in this patient.

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Multiple sclerosis, Exercises, Aerobic exercises.

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This study has efficient thermal management of electric vehicle (EV) motors is essential for ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and service life. This study models and simulates an EV motor cooling system using MATLAB Simscape, incorporating critical components such as the motor, cooling channels, pump, radiator, and thermal sensors. The model captures the heat generation and dissipation dynamics within the motor under realistic operating conditions. Both passive and active cooling strategies are analyzed across varying load and ambient conditions to evaluate thermal response and efficiency. Leveraging Simscape's multi-domain capabilities, the study integrates thermal, fluid, and mechanical subsystems to enable system-level analysis. Simulation results highlight the influence of flow rate, coolant properties, and ambient temperature on motor temperature regulation. The developed model provides a robust platform for optimizing EV motor cooling designs, minimizing thermal stress, and enhancing overall energy efficiency.

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Thermal Ports, Heat Transfer, Coolant Loop, Pump, Fan, Fluid Properties, Driving Cycle, Motor Losses, Temperature.

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Aravind Adiga's novels are a compelling exploration of contemporary India's socio-economic realities, portraying the stark divide between wealth and poverty, ambition and morality, and tradition and modernity. The White Tiger critiques the illusions of the Indian success story through Balram Halwai's journey from servitude to ruthless entrepreneurship. Selection Day interrogates the commodification of talent and the psychological pressures of ambition within India's cricket-obsessed culture. Last Man in Tower examines urbanization and capitalist greed, showcasing the clash between ethical resistance and financial desperation. This paper explores the recurrent themes of economic disparity, corruption, ambition, and ethical dilemmas in Adiga's works, positioning them as critical commentaries on India's evolving socio-political landscape.

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Social Realism, Capitalism, Corruption, Urbanization, Class Struggle, Ambition, Ethical Dilemmas.

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Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of interrelated metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ayurveda identifies such systemic imbalances through the lens of Kapha and Medo dosha aggravation, Agni dysfunction, and Ama accumulation. Conditions akin to MetS have been described under Medoroga, Sthoulya, and Prameha. Panchakarma, the bio-purification therapy in Ayurveda, serves not only as a detoxification process but as a curative intervention targeting the root cause of dosha imbalance. This article explores the Ayurvedic understanding of Metabolic Syndrome and elaborates on Panchakarma modalities--Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Udwartana, and Langhana--as holistic strategies for prevention and management.

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Metabolic Syndrome, Sthoulya, Prameha, Medoroga, Panchakarma, Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Ayurveda

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Rasa Dhatu, the first of the seven Dhatus in Ayurvedic physiology, plays a foundational role in nutrition, circulation, and systemic detoxification. As the product of the digestion of Ahara Rasa, it nourishes successive Dhatus and maintains tissue homeostasis. In the context of contemporary toxicology, Rasa Dhatu is analogous to plasma and lymph, which serve as major pathways for distribution, filtration, and removal of toxins. According to Kriya Sharir, impaired Agni and Srotodushti of Rasavaha Srotas can lead to Ama accumulation and systemic toxicity. Panchakarma therapy, particularly Vamana, Virechana, Raktamokshana, and Basti, plays a pivotal role in restoring Rasa Dhatu integrity and promoting effective detoxification. This article presents an in-depth examination of Rasa Dhatu physiology in detoxification, correlates it with modern biomedical concepts, and elaborates on Panchakarma inputs for its revitalization.

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Rasa Dhatu, Kriya Sharir, Detoxification, Rasavaha Srotas, Panchakarma, Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Ama

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Electronic gadget addiction has emerged as a pressing concern among students, with far-reaching consequences for their mental health, academic performance, and social relationships. The pervasive nature of gadget addiction, fueled by the widespread availability and accessibility of electronic devices, has led to a growing need for effective predictive models and targeted interventions. This study addresses this critical need by developing a machine learning model to predict gadget addiction among students aged 18-25, leveraging demographic, behavioral, and psychological characteristics. The predictive model, built using decision trees and random forest algorithms, identifies screen time, frequency of gadget use, anxiety, and depression as significant predictors of gadget addiction. The random forest algorithm emerges as the most accurate predictive model, underscoring its potential in identifying high-risk students. These findings have profound implications for educators, counselors, and parents, enabling them to pinpoint vulnerable students and provide personalized support. The predictive model developed in this study can serve as a valuable tool in promoting students' well-being and productivity. By identifying high-risk students, educators and counselors can design targeted interventions, such as counseling sessions, workshops, and awareness programs, to mitigate gadget addiction. Parents can also utilize the model to monitor their children's gadget use and provide guidance on responsible technology habits. Moreover, this study's findings can inform the development of evidence-based policies and programs aimed at reducing gadget addiction among students. Educational institutions can establish guidelines for responsible gadget use, incorporate digital literacy into their curricula, and provide resources for students struggling with gadget addiction.

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Gadget addiction, mobile usage, prediction, machine learning model, Random Forest Algorithm.

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Architectural pedagogy relies on a complex interplay of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and creative exploration. While conceptual freedom is crucial for fostering innovation, students often struggle to translate abstract concepts into coherent and well-resolved designs. This paper demonstrates that the strategic integration of guiding parameters from faculty members within the design process can significantly improve students' design development and ultimately lead to better outcomes. Exploration on the types of parameters, their impact on various stages of the design process, and the pedagogical strategies that facilitate their effective implementation are focused. Through a review of existing literature and anecdotal evidence from architectural education, this paper advocates for a balanced approach that leverages guiding parameters from faculty members as scaffolding to support students in navigating the complexities of architectural design.

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Architectural Pedagogy, Design Development, Guiding Parameters, Design Process, Learning Outcomes, Architectural Education, Concept Development, Design Thinking.

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