Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Free legal aid refers to the provision of legal assistance to individuals who are unable to afford legal representation or access to the justice system due to financial constraints. In India, the concept of free legal aid is enshrined in the Constitution under Article 39A, which directs the state to ensure that justice is not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. In India, the provision of free legal aid is primarily carried out through the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) at the national level and State Legal Services Authorities (SLSAs) at the state level. These bodies coordinate and facilitate legal aid services through legal aid clinics, lok adalats, and panel lawyers who provide pro bono representation to eligible individuals. Overall, free legal aid plays a crucial role in upholding the principles of justice, equality, and the rule of law in India, ensuring that no one is denied access to justice merely because of their financial circumstances. Sexual abuse is a pervasive issue worldwide, with staggering prevalence rates across various demographics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 3 women globally have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Similarly, 1 in 6 men report experiencing sexual abuse before the age of 18. Despite these alarming statistics, sexual abuse remains significantly underreported, primarily due to stigma, fear of retaliation, and societal attitudes that place blame on the victim. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (Indian Justice Code 2023) represents a watershed moment in legal reform aimed at addressing the challenges faced by victims of sexual abuse in seeking justice. Enacted with the objective of modernizing and streamlining India's legal framework, this comprehensive legislation includes provisions specifically tailored to enhance the handling of sexual abuse cases and support survivors throughout the legal process. In conclusion, the provision of free legal aid stands as a crucial pillar in ensuring access to justice for victims of sexual abuse. With the introduction of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, marked advancements have been made in this realm, aiming to alleviate the burden of legal expenses and procedural complexities often faced by survivors. By mandating free legal aid for victims, this legislation not only addresses the financial barriers but also underscores the societal commitment to supporting survivors throughout their legal journey. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of holistic justice, recognizing that legal assistance is fundamental in empowering survivors to navigate the legal system and seek redress for the injustices they have endured. However, the efficacy of these measures relies not only on the enactment of laws but also on their effective implementation and continual evaluation to ensure they serve their intended purpose. Thus, while Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 represents a significant stride towards enhancing access to justice for victims of sexual abuse, sustained efforts are essential to realize its full potential and foster a more equitable and supportive legal framework for survivors.

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Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Sexual Abuse, Free Legal Aid

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In a world where communication barriers often isolate individuals with hearing impairments, bridging the gap between spoken language and sign language becomes imperative. This project proposes a novel solution aimed at facilitating seamless communication between the deaf and hearing communities through a multimodal interface. The project focuses on developing two key functionalities: converting audio inputs into sign language and translating sign language gestures into audio and text outputs. To achieve this, the system integrates advanced machine learning algorithms, computer vision techniques, and natural language processing models. For the audio to sign language conversion, the system utilizes speech recognition to transcribe spoken language into text, which is then translated into sign language gestures using a deep learning-based sign language generation model. The generated sign language animations are displayed in real-time through an avatar or a robotic interface. Conversely, for sign language to audio and text translation, the system employs computer vision algorithms to detect and recognize sign language gestures from video inputs. These gestures are then interpreted into text using machine learning classifiers trained on sign language datasets. Finally, the text is converted into spoken language using text-to-speech synthesis for audio output and displayed alongside the animations for text output. The proposed system offers a comprehensive solution for bidirectional communication between the deaf and hearing communities, facilitating real-time interaction without language barriers. It has the potential to enhance accessibility in various settings, including education, healthcare, and public services, ultimately fostering inclusivity and equality for individuals with hearing impairments.

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Sign language, Sign language recognition, Sign language to text and speech, Voice to sign language

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Abstract:- The idea of the program is to create a one-step strategy that is less time consuming and devastating in extracting the Bioactive compounds from pecan trees. In our study, we used fenugreek seed powder (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and jamun seed powder Syzygium cumini or Syzygium jambolana or Euge-Nia jambolana or Eugenia cumini. Fenugreek is used worldwide to treat diabetes because it is easily available. Most of the fenugreek seeds (50%) constitute dietary fiber consisting of both insoluble (30%) and soluble (20%) fractions, corresponding mainly to galactomannan. Phytochemical components contained in fenugreek seeds include steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and hydrocarbons. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an ancient medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a food and conventional medicine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects the humans lose weight with nutritional needs including vitamins and minerals necessary for health and normal functioning of the body. Jamun (Syzygiucumini) is one of the individuals of the Myrtaceae family and may be a characteristic perennial plant of the Indian individuals of the Myrtaceae family and may be a characteristic perennial plant of the Indian subcontinent, Compounds present such as caffeine acid, isoquercetin, kaempferol and other flavonoids. These compounds have hypoglycemic activity. They are responsible for increasing glucose absorption of adipose and muscle tissue due to the activation of specific receptors, namely PPARa "Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a" and PPAR? (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a ? proliferative agent.The peel of the red dragon fruit is generally little used, has higher antioxidant properties than the flesh and contains many secondary metabolites used as medicine. That dragon fruit flesh (powder) is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It is also a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that may provide beneficial health effects. They have many biotherapeutic effects against pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as disorders. Such as diabetes, obesity, high blood fat and cancer . Dragon fruit extract also contains cardioprotective and hepatoprotective qualities, as well as prebiotic potential.Dragon fruit is one of the medicinal plants considered to have potential in the treatment of diabetes. In particular, Mulberry fruit (MB) have recently been found to have significant hypoglycemic activity of which more than 90% exists in reduced form. These problems are treated with a variety of ancient and modern treatments. The fruit, leaves, roots, bark and latex of the mulberry tree, Morus alba (L.), are used in several Ayurvedic therapies to treat various human diseases. This herb has amazing results in reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, making it suitable for use in traditional Chinese herbal and folk medicine.

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Keyword:- Dragon fruit, mulberry fruit, jamun seeds powder, fenugreek seeds powder.

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This study presents a resilient fish tank maintenance system utilizing internet-connected devices to monitor crucial variables like ammonia levels and water temperature, addressing remote user engagement issues by providing precise day-to-day monitoring and operational control without requiring active user access to cloud information, as demonstrated through experimentation evaluating data transmission latencies, actuator response times, user interaction delays, and timely delivery of critical information to users, thereby showcasing the efficacy of the system in meeting fish tank maintenance demands within an internet-connected framework.

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Smart Aquarium Control System

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In this paper clearly shows the services offered by the public sector banks to the customer and how it was managed in the study area. It concentrates the opinion of customers regarding service facilities, internet services, and customer interactions of management, customer loyalty, customer retention towards the services offered by the public sector banks in Mayiladuthurai District. A Customer Relationship Management solution in banking helps banks manage customers and better understand their needs in order to provide the right solutions, quickly

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Customer, CRM, Customer loyalty,

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Surveillance is a valuable instrument for upholding societal order and ensuring national security. However, when carried out by unauthorized individuals or third parties, it can pose significant challenges for the general population and potentially compromise the nation's well-being. For example, the aforementioned instances of illegal tape cases demonstrate how targeted individuals, who hold critical roles within the country, become vulnerable to privacy breaches. Such illicit monitoring or snooping activities can consequently pose a threat to national security and integrity. In the current context, it is imperative that the government take a more stringent approach to data protection and safeguarding the rights of its citizens. Political interests drive governmental entities to occasionally infringe upon individuals' fundamental rights and engage in actions deemed unreasonable, as exemplified by the Peagasus case. This raises the question of whether third parties or individuals are also capable of committing similar transgressions

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Surveillance, illegal, evidence, security, Puttaswamy, Supreme court.

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Developing nations confront enormous and difficult challenges in finding ways to meet their energy requirements for economic development that are both environmentally and financially sustainable. Power being the utmost aspect of the energy sector requires new innovations to meet the increasing demand for power supply while combating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG's). India is the third largest consumer of energy subjected to rising incomes and upgraded standard of living. With 421.902 GW of installed power generation capacity, India is composed of 237.929 GW of fossil fuels-based (Coal, Lignite, gas and Diesel), 46.85 GW of massive hydro, 7.48 nuclear energy and roughly 129.643 GW of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, etc (Ministry of Power, June,2023). This study will try to depict the transition of energy from conventional sources to non-conventional sources in the past two decades. Policy implications and government role will also be studied to understand the push factors of renewable energy adoption. Budget allocations and international assistance will also be examined.

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Keywords: energy, renewable energy, power infrastructure, power subsidies

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This study fills in the gaps in cash flow forecasting by incorporating advanced statistical techniques and examining the relationship between creditors and debtors. Relationships between debt structure, creditor management, cash flow predictability, debtor collection length, and volatility are examined via hypotheses. Comprehending cash flow patterns, predicting debt collection, and creating models are among the goals. Data is gathered via research papers and surveys as part of methodology. Limitations include the intricacy of the elements impacting cash flow, assumption reliance, and data availability. The study that is being presented looks at cash flow forecasting techniques and how they affect financial management. The frequency of cash flow forecasting, the tools and techniques used, and the perceived accuracy are all revealed by statistical analysis. The results show a strong correlation between cash flow and debtor/creditor management, highlighting the necessity of sound financial practices for consistent cash flow. The study explores financial management techniques, emphasising the importance of debtor/creditor management and cash flow forecasts as well as its effects. For increased financial stability, recommendations include improving forecasting methods and broadening management approaches.

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Debtor, Creditor, Cash flow forecasting.

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Poverty is a deeply rooted problem in India. It is a challenge for all defenders of social justice and all seekers of sustainable growth. From pre-independence to 70 years of independence, India could not be free from poverty. It is a stain which could not be removed from our country after having so many Yojanas, planning, special schemes and many more visions, it remains a special issue in every budget and five year plans. In the one side, India is experiencing high economic growth over the last two decades with 7.5 percent to 8.0 percent per annum.(1) The term, "Inclusive Growth" was introduced during the 11th five year plan which means that , inclusive development is viewed in term of economic and social inclusion reflection in poverty reduction, better health outcomes, increased access to education and improved access to basic amenities. But the large population of backward classes specially SCs and STs are still struggling for their survival.

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Poverty among Weaker Sections and Initiatives taken by the Central Government to Achieve the Sustainable Goal 1

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The goal of the proposed project is to improve public safety by developing and deploying a sophisticated cloud-based surveillance system that tracks pedestrians in real time and detects crimes using YOLOv8 deep learning. The foundation, known for its exceptional object detection precision, is YOLOv8, which guarantees precise object identification in security video. The technology allows for the easy integration of several cameras and is effortlessly integrated into a scalable cloud infrastructure. Using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques along with web and mobile applications for quick alerts and real-time monitoring, the system provides a full solution. Law enforcement and security workers may stay in touch and respond to emergencies from any place thanks to this connection. Because of the user-friendly interface offered by the web and mobile apps, authorities can effectively visualize and evaluate the surveillance data. One important aspect of the cloud architecture is its scalability, which allows for the integration of an expanding network of security cameras as needed. This guarantees the system's flexibility and future-proofing to satisfy the changing needs of public safety. Strengthening the proactive capacities of law enforcement through

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(NULL)

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The study aimed to develop buccal tablets of Ivabradine HCl, focusing on mucoadhesive properties. Various polymers, including Natrosol 250 M, Natrosol 250 HHX, Natrosol 250 G, and Carbopol 934 P, were employed via direct compression. Infrared spectrum analysis confirmed no drug-polymer interactions. Tablets met pharmacopoeial standards for weight, hardness, thickness, friability, and drug content. Their surface pH indicated safe mucosal use. Swelling up to 8 hours in distilled water ensured bioadhesion integrity. In-vitro release extended to 8 hours, with formulation F6 exhibiting 99% drug release, hence chosen for optimization using factorial design. Factorial batches (I1-I9) with Carbopol 934 P and Natrosol as variables showed significant outcomes. Batch I8 achieved desired drug release. Batch O1 was fine-tuned for drug release and mucoadhesive strength, releasing 99% over 8 hours, with good permeability. Zero order was determined to be the best-fitting model (R2 = 0.99832), suggesting non-Fickian diffusion. Stability assessment over a month confirmed formulation stability. Batch O1 outperformed a commercial product, becoming the optimized formulation.

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Ivabradine HCl, Natrosol 250 M, Natrosol 250 HHX, Natrosol 250 G, and Carbopol 934 P.

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This research assesses the effectiveness of palliative care interventions on the psychological well-being of caregivers tending to patients with chronic and acute illnesses. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data from 80 caregivers were analyzed to explore changes in stress, burden, and overall psychological health. Results indicate significant improvements in caregivers' psychological outcomes, highlighting the critical role of tailored palliative care interventions.

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Palliative Care, Caregivers, Psychological Well-being, Chronic Illness, Acute Illness

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In this paper we are come to know about different facts about our indian mathematicians and astronomer that facilitate indian mathematics in different level.This focus on different concept of indian knowledge system as per the students level,here we are going to discuss about vedic mathematics,conversion of regular fravtion in to decimal form, different vedas using modus -opetandi'-chart Concept of limit in IKS and in the view of modern mathematics further given about the calculas in ancient times explained by indian mathematicianhow they paved the way for other to think about it and make more development in the field of calculas.Later we see about Pythagorean theorem in the view of vedas.

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Upvedas and the six Vedangas , modus -opetandi'-chart,limit,calculus,Pythagorean theorem.

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This paper presents the design and development of a solar-powered grass cutter aimed at providing an eco-friendly solution for grass maintenance tasks. The project focuses on harnessing solar energy to power a grass cutting mechanism, thus reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. The paper outlines the design process, including component selection, system integration, and testing procedures. Furthermore, it discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of solar-powered grass cutting technology.

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Keywords: Solar energy, Grass cutter, Eco-friendly, Sustainable design, Renewable energy.

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The four papers collectively provide a comprehensive overview of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles, covering battery technology trends, charging methods, technical developments, emerging technologies, and alternative energy resources. The papers emphasize the environmental motivations for EV adoption, discuss advantages and challenges, and propose solutions such as ongoing research, advancements in battery technologies, and hybridization with renewable energy sources. The importance of government initiatives, industry engagement, and the role of EVs in Smart Cities is highlighted. Additionally, there's a focus on the economic viability of utilizing electric vehicles as power resources for electric utilities, showcasing benefits such as enhanced reliability and reduced costs. Overall, the papers offer valuable insights into the current state, challenges, and potential future directions in the field of electric and hybrid vehicles. There are a number of reasons why electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular, such as their lower cost and increased awareness of environmental issues and climate change. Many nations have accelerated the development of electric vehicles in an effort to lessen their reliance on foreign oil and their contribution to environmental pollutionThe various EV charging standards that are available, along with suggestions for battery energy management and power control.

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Electric Vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, batteries, charging,

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In the digital age, libraries are evolving to embrace modern technologies for efficient management and enhanced user experiences. This paper introduces the implementation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the form of a smart student identity card to revolutionize library services. The proposed system aims to streamline library operations, enhance security, and provide a convenient and engaging experience for students. The RFID technology integrated into the student identity card allows for quick and accurate book check-outs and check-ins. Each book in the library is tagged with an RFID label, and when a student places their card near the RFID reader, the system identifies the user and the book, making the borrowing process significantly faster and error- free. This system also ensures that books are efficiently tracked and monitored, reducing the chances of loss or misplacement.

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RFID, GSM, payment wallet, controller

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This study explores the complex interactions between parenting practices and how they affect prosocial behavior in children. Data was gathered from a sample of 80 individuals using the Parenting Style Four Factor Questionnaire and the Child Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire. This study attempts to explain the relationships between various parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful) and children' growth of prosocial behaviors by quantitative analysis. The results highlight how parenting styles have a big impact on how altruistic youngsters become and offer insightful information to parents, teachers, and other professionals who work with young people to help them develop strong social skills.

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Parenting style, child prosocial behaviour, parent-child relation

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Stroke also known as Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or brain attack is a medical emergency, a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (at times global) disturbance of cerebral function, which can last more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin' (World Health Organization). Stroke, when resolved may lead to hemi paresis or hemiplegia depending on the severity of the damage to the brain. Two types of stroke or CVA are ischemic and hemorrhagic. A- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is defined as stroke symptoms that resolve within 24 hours. Some of the symptoms of stroke include changes in alertness, hearing, and taste; clumsiness, confusion, or loss of memory; difficulty in swallowing, reading, or writing; dizziness or vertigo, loss of balance, coordination: muscle weakness in the face, arm or leg (normally on one side) and so on. Management of stroke involves many professionals including physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech-language therapists, medical social workers, prosthetics and orthotics, nurses, and so on. Rehabilitation of a person who suffers from a stroke can bring him/her back on his/her feet and a normal or near-normal life.

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Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA), Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), Ischemic, Hemorrhagic, Dysarthria, Thrombosis

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Serum has been used as a cosmetic purpose. It is mainly used for treating skin disorders. Such as reduce the aging of skin, reduces redness, inflammation. Orange oil, aloe vera gel, castor oil, glycerin are highly concentrated cosmetic products. Aloe Vera gel is commonly used to treat different skin diseases, sunburn, minor cuts, insect bites, and used as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effect. And orange oil was also used for the vit c. property. Castor oil has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce swelling and puffiness. Facial serum was tested for its pH, physical appearance, spread ability, viscosity, phase separation, Irritancy, Washability, cyclic temperature test, etc. The results of the stability study show that there was no change in visual acuity or homogeneity.

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Face serum, polyherbal,Anti-inflammatory, Active Substances, VitC.

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ASTRACT: During obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the upper airway repeatedly collapses while the patient is asleep, leading to oxygen desaturation and disrupted breathing. Awakenings with or without oxygen desaturation occur in conjunction with airway obstructions and collapses during sleep. OSA is a widespread condition, particularly in those with underlying medical conditions and established risk factors. The cause of the condition is not always clear-cut, although risk factors include irregular breathing patterns, low chest volume, and upper airway dilator muscle dysfunction. The menstrual cycle disruption, aging, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, smoking, male sex, being overweight, and preserving liquids are among the high-risk variables. Sleepiness, apnea, and snoring are the symptoms. Known risk factors for OSA include obesity, male gender, age 65 and above, smoking, alcohol usage, and family history.

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Sleep apnea, family history, airway

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