Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

The Integrated Environmental Monitoring System (IEMS) stands as a robust and multifaceted solution, meticulously designed to facilitate real-time data collection and analysis in the environmental domain. It integrates a diverse array of sensors including those for temperature, humidity, light (LDR), and pollution, all seamlessly interfaced with the Arduino Uno microcontroller, renowned for its reliability and versatility in embedded systems. This amalgamation of cutting-edge technology empowers the IEMS to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of environmental conditions at any given moment. A pivotal aspect of the IEMS is its dual capability for data visualization. Locally, an LCD display serves as an intuitive interface, offering immediate access to real-time data for users on-site. Simultaneously, the system leverages an IoT module to transmit this wealth of information remotely, enabling stakeholders to monitor environmental parameters from anywhere in the world via a dedicated mobile application. This seamless integration of local and remote monitoring not only enhances accessibility but also promotes proactive decision-making and swift responses to emergent situations. Moreover, the IEMS is distinguished by its adaptability and responsiveness. Customizable alert mechanisms empower users to establish personalized thresholds for environmental parameters, ensuring that deviations from desired conditions prompt timely notifications. This proactive approach to monitoring enables swift intervention and mitigation, thereby mitigating risks and safeguarding against potential environmental hazards

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Integrated Environmental Monitoring System, real-time data collection, sensors, Arduino Uno, IoT module, LCD display, remote access, mobile app, customizable alerts, environmental safety, compliance.

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Basically Insurance is a legal agreement between two parties which involves the insurer and the insured. It is also known as insurance policy or coverage. Insurance is a kind of risk management plan to use an insurance policy as a hedge against an uncertain loss. Insurance provides protection against unforeseen risks, investments are aimed at growing wealth over time. The benefit of having insurance is that it prevents burning a hole into your pocket in unprecedented times. The goal of investing is to generate respectable profits. The essential elements of an ideal investment include returns, liquidity and a rational cost structure. Insurance, primarily conceived as a protective shield against unforeseen risks, has evolved to offer multifaceted financial risk mitigation. These insurance based investment products promise stability, tax advantages and long term financial planning benefits. The study embarks on a comprehensive examination of "Insurance as an Investment Strategy". In an ever-evolving financial landscape, the pursuit of investment strategies is paramount for individuals and the investors. In the dynamic environment of business and society Insurance not only serve as a cushion for uncertainty but acts as an investment opportunity as well. In the study, primary data was gathered through questionnaire and secondary data through websites, journals, articles and blogs. And the convenience sampling method is used to select the sample. The sample comprises of 30 respondents. For measuring the various phenomena and analyzing the collected data effectively and efficiently and to draw the sound conclusions, Chi-Square test method goodness of fit is used for hypothesis testing.

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Insurance, Investment, Liquidity, Risk Management, Tax Implications

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Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are decentralized networks that operate without a fixed infrastructure. In DTNs, there is no continuous connection connecting devices, and nodes in the network are often disrupted. DTNs are a practical option for applications that experience sporadic connectivity, significant delays, frequent packet errors, and high rates of packet loss. This project analyses false packet and selective packet drops threats and discusses mitigation strategies for misbehaving nodes. In addition, an Improved Merkle Hash Tree Approach (IMHTA) is proposed to mitigate the malicious node. IMHTA uses a root hash with all packets to identify and counteract both sorts of attacks. A malicious node drops or injects bogus packets, and the algorithm detects it. Trace-driven simulations show that the proposed algorithm improves detection accuracy, packet delivery/loss ratios, and false-positive/false-negative rates compared to previous algorithms that only detect one type of attack or malicious paths rather than specific attacking nodes. Additionally, this work quantitatively analyses numerous circumstances to precisely track DTN vehicular node placements. The proposed technique detects and mitigates false packet and selective packet drops attacks, improving communication network security with intermittent connectivity and large delays.

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Delay Tolerant Networks; Merkle Hash Tree Approach; Network Security; Misbehaving nodes; Packet Drop attacks; Packet Delivery Ratio

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 Abstract

Video forgery is continuously increasing in the digital world due to breaches of information security, consequently establishing a scenario for image and video content monitoring for forgery identification. The spread of fake videos raises security risks and anarchy in society. The reason for video forgery is to the augmentation in the malware, which has facilitated user (anyone) to upload, download, or share objects online comprising audio, images, or video. With the development of technology and ease of creation of fake content, the manipulation of media is carried out on a large scale in recent times. Video forgery detection has applications in media science, forensic analysis, digital investigations, and authenticity verification of a video. The purpose of video forensic technology is to extract features to distinguish fake content frames from original videos. Deepfake media has posed a great threat to media integrity and is being produced and spread widely across social media platforms, the detection of which is seen to be a major challenge. Proposed, an approach for Deepfake detection has been provided for forgery detection in video. ResNet, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm is used as an approach to detect the Deepfake videos. The model aims to enhance the performance of detecting forgery videos produced by a certain method as well as enhance the accuracy of the detector. The proposed approach only uses the deep features extracted from the ResNet CNN model then applies the conventional mathematical approach on these features to find the forgery in the video. It is the detector to be constantly updated with real-world data, and propose an initial solution in hopes of solving Deepfake video detection.

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Deep Fake, CNN, RESnet, Forgery video detection

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This comparative study delves into the examination of study habits among secondary school students, particularly from government and private schools. Drawing on a survey conducted in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India, the research aims to discern any notable distinctions in study habits between these two groups, as well as between male and female students. A sample of 150 students, evenly divided between government and private schools, participated in the study. The tool utilized for data collection was the Study Habits Inventory (PSSHI) by Palsane and Sharma. Statistical analyses including mean, standard deviation, and t-tests were employed to examine the data. The findings reveal significant differences in study habits between government and private school students, with the latter demonstrating superior study habits. Additionally, the study highlights a significant disparity in study habits between male and female secondary school students. These outcomes underscore the importance of recognizing and enhancing good study habits among students, as they are strongly associated with academic success. Recommendations are made for educators and parents to identify and foster effective study habits among students to promote their educational attainment.

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Study habits, Secondary school students, Government schools, Private schools, Comparative analysis, Gender differences, and Academic performance.

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Free legal aid refers to the provision of legal assistance to individuals who are unable to afford legal representation or access to the justice system due to financial constraints. In India, the concept of free legal aid is enshrined in the Constitution under Article 39A, which directs the state to ensure that justice is not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. In India, the provision of free legal aid is primarily carried out through the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) at the national level and State Legal Services Authorities (SLSAs) at the state level. These bodies coordinate and facilitate legal aid services through legal aid clinics, lok adalats, and panel lawyers who provide pro bono representation to eligible individuals. Overall, free legal aid plays a crucial role in upholding the principles of justice, equality, and the rule of law in India, ensuring that no one is denied access to justice merely because of their financial circumstances. Sexual abuse is a pervasive issue worldwide, with staggering prevalence rates across various demographics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 3 women globally have experienced physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Similarly, 1 in 6 men report experiencing sexual abuse before the age of 18. Despite these alarming statistics, sexual abuse remains significantly underreported, primarily due to stigma, fear of retaliation, and societal attitudes that place blame on the victim. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (Indian Justice Code 2023) represents a watershed moment in legal reform aimed at addressing the challenges faced by victims of sexual abuse in seeking justice. Enacted with the objective of modernizing and streamlining India's legal framework, this comprehensive legislation includes provisions specifically tailored to enhance the handling of sexual abuse cases and support survivors throughout the legal process. In conclusion, the provision of free legal aid stands as a crucial pillar in ensuring access to justice for victims of sexual abuse. With the introduction of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, marked advancements have been made in this realm, aiming to alleviate the burden of legal expenses and procedural complexities often faced by survivors. By mandating free legal aid for victims, this legislation not only addresses the financial barriers but also underscores the societal commitment to supporting survivors throughout their legal journey. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of holistic justice, recognizing that legal assistance is fundamental in empowering survivors to navigate the legal system and seek redress for the injustices they have endured. However, the efficacy of these measures relies not only on the enactment of laws but also on their effective implementation and continual evaluation to ensure they serve their intended purpose. Thus, while Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 represents a significant stride towards enhancing access to justice for victims of sexual abuse, sustained efforts are essential to realize its full potential and foster a more equitable and supportive legal framework for survivors.

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Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Sexual Abuse, Free Legal Aid

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In a world where communication barriers often isolate individuals with hearing impairments, bridging the gap between spoken language and sign language becomes imperative. This project proposes a novel solution aimed at facilitating seamless communication between the deaf and hearing communities through a multimodal interface. The project focuses on developing two key functionalities: converting audio inputs into sign language and translating sign language gestures into audio and text outputs. To achieve this, the system integrates advanced machine learning algorithms, computer vision techniques, and natural language processing models. For the audio to sign language conversion, the system utilizes speech recognition to transcribe spoken language into text, which is then translated into sign language gestures using a deep learning-based sign language generation model. The generated sign language animations are displayed in real-time through an avatar or a robotic interface. Conversely, for sign language to audio and text translation, the system employs computer vision algorithms to detect and recognize sign language gestures from video inputs. These gestures are then interpreted into text using machine learning classifiers trained on sign language datasets. Finally, the text is converted into spoken language using text-to-speech synthesis for audio output and displayed alongside the animations for text output. The proposed system offers a comprehensive solution for bidirectional communication between the deaf and hearing communities, facilitating real-time interaction without language barriers. It has the potential to enhance accessibility in various settings, including education, healthcare, and public services, ultimately fostering inclusivity and equality for individuals with hearing impairments.

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Sign language, Sign language recognition, Sign language to text and speech, Voice to sign language

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Abstract:- The idea of the program is to create a one-step strategy that is less time consuming and devastating in extracting the Bioactive compounds from pecan trees. In our study, we used fenugreek seed powder (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and jamun seed powder Syzygium cumini or Syzygium jambolana or Euge-Nia jambolana or Eugenia cumini. Fenugreek is used worldwide to treat diabetes because it is easily available. Most of the fenugreek seeds (50%) constitute dietary fiber consisting of both insoluble (30%) and soluble (20%) fractions, corresponding mainly to galactomannan. Phytochemical components contained in fenugreek seeds include steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids and hydrocarbons. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an ancient medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a food and conventional medicine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects the humans lose weight with nutritional needs including vitamins and minerals necessary for health and normal functioning of the body. Jamun (Syzygiucumini) is one of the individuals of the Myrtaceae family and may be a characteristic perennial plant of the Indian individuals of the Myrtaceae family and may be a characteristic perennial plant of the Indian subcontinent, Compounds present such as caffeine acid, isoquercetin, kaempferol and other flavonoids. These compounds have hypoglycemic activity. They are responsible for increasing glucose absorption of adipose and muscle tissue due to the activation of specific receptors, namely PPARa "Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a" and PPAR? (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a ? proliferative agent.The peel of the red dragon fruit is generally little used, has higher antioxidant properties than the flesh and contains many secondary metabolites used as medicine. That dragon fruit flesh (powder) is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It is also a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that may provide beneficial health effects. They have many biotherapeutic effects against pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as disorders. Such as diabetes, obesity, high blood fat and cancer . Dragon fruit extract also contains cardioprotective and hepatoprotective qualities, as well as prebiotic potential.Dragon fruit is one of the medicinal plants considered to have potential in the treatment of diabetes. In particular, Mulberry fruit (MB) have recently been found to have significant hypoglycemic activity of which more than 90% exists in reduced form. These problems are treated with a variety of ancient and modern treatments. The fruit, leaves, roots, bark and latex of the mulberry tree, Morus alba (L.), are used in several Ayurvedic therapies to treat various human diseases. This herb has amazing results in reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, making it suitable for use in traditional Chinese herbal and folk medicine.

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Keyword:- Dragon fruit, mulberry fruit, jamun seeds powder, fenugreek seeds powder.

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 Abstract

This study presents a resilient fish tank maintenance system utilizing internet-connected devices to monitor crucial variables like ammonia levels and water temperature, addressing remote user engagement issues by providing precise day-to-day monitoring and operational control without requiring active user access to cloud information, as demonstrated through experimentation evaluating data transmission latencies, actuator response times, user interaction delays, and timely delivery of critical information to users, thereby showcasing the efficacy of the system in meeting fish tank maintenance demands within an internet-connected framework.

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Smart Aquarium Control System

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In this paper clearly shows the services offered by the public sector banks to the customer and how it was managed in the study area. It concentrates the opinion of customers regarding service facilities, internet services, and customer interactions of management, customer loyalty, customer retention towards the services offered by the public sector banks in Mayiladuthurai District. A Customer Relationship Management solution in banking helps banks manage customers and better understand their needs in order to provide the right solutions, quickly

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Customer, CRM, Customer loyalty,

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Surveillance is a valuable instrument for upholding societal order and ensuring national security. However, when carried out by unauthorized individuals or third parties, it can pose significant challenges for the general population and potentially compromise the nation's well-being. For example, the aforementioned instances of illegal tape cases demonstrate how targeted individuals, who hold critical roles within the country, become vulnerable to privacy breaches. Such illicit monitoring or snooping activities can consequently pose a threat to national security and integrity. In the current context, it is imperative that the government take a more stringent approach to data protection and safeguarding the rights of its citizens. Political interests drive governmental entities to occasionally infringe upon individuals' fundamental rights and engage in actions deemed unreasonable, as exemplified by the Peagasus case. This raises the question of whether third parties or individuals are also capable of committing similar transgressions

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Surveillance, illegal, evidence, security, Puttaswamy, Supreme court.

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Developing nations confront enormous and difficult challenges in finding ways to meet their energy requirements for economic development that are both environmentally and financially sustainable. Power being the utmost aspect of the energy sector requires new innovations to meet the increasing demand for power supply while combating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG's). India is the third largest consumer of energy subjected to rising incomes and upgraded standard of living. With 421.902 GW of installed power generation capacity, India is composed of 237.929 GW of fossil fuels-based (Coal, Lignite, gas and Diesel), 46.85 GW of massive hydro, 7.48 nuclear energy and roughly 129.643 GW of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, etc (Ministry of Power, June,2023). This study will try to depict the transition of energy from conventional sources to non-conventional sources in the past two decades. Policy implications and government role will also be studied to understand the push factors of renewable energy adoption. Budget allocations and international assistance will also be examined.

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Keywords: energy, renewable energy, power infrastructure, power subsidies

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This study fills in the gaps in cash flow forecasting by incorporating advanced statistical techniques and examining the relationship between creditors and debtors. Relationships between debt structure, creditor management, cash flow predictability, debtor collection length, and volatility are examined via hypotheses. Comprehending cash flow patterns, predicting debt collection, and creating models are among the goals. Data is gathered via research papers and surveys as part of methodology. Limitations include the intricacy of the elements impacting cash flow, assumption reliance, and data availability. The study that is being presented looks at cash flow forecasting techniques and how they affect financial management. The frequency of cash flow forecasting, the tools and techniques used, and the perceived accuracy are all revealed by statistical analysis. The results show a strong correlation between cash flow and debtor/creditor management, highlighting the necessity of sound financial practices for consistent cash flow. The study explores financial management techniques, emphasising the importance of debtor/creditor management and cash flow forecasts as well as its effects. For increased financial stability, recommendations include improving forecasting methods and broadening management approaches.

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Debtor, Creditor, Cash flow forecasting.

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Poverty is a deeply rooted problem in India. It is a challenge for all defenders of social justice and all seekers of sustainable growth. From pre-independence to 70 years of independence, India could not be free from poverty. It is a stain which could not be removed from our country after having so many Yojanas, planning, special schemes and many more visions, it remains a special issue in every budget and five year plans. In the one side, India is experiencing high economic growth over the last two decades with 7.5 percent to 8.0 percent per annum.(1) The term, "Inclusive Growth" was introduced during the 11th five year plan which means that , inclusive development is viewed in term of economic and social inclusion reflection in poverty reduction, better health outcomes, increased access to education and improved access to basic amenities. But the large population of backward classes specially SCs and STs are still struggling for their survival.

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Poverty among Weaker Sections and Initiatives taken by the Central Government to Achieve the Sustainable Goal 1

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The goal of the proposed project is to improve public safety by developing and deploying a sophisticated cloud-based surveillance system that tracks pedestrians in real time and detects crimes using YOLOv8 deep learning. The foundation, known for its exceptional object detection precision, is YOLOv8, which guarantees precise object identification in security video. The technology allows for the easy integration of several cameras and is effortlessly integrated into a scalable cloud infrastructure. Using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques along with web and mobile applications for quick alerts and real-time monitoring, the system provides a full solution. Law enforcement and security workers may stay in touch and respond to emergencies from any place thanks to this connection. Because of the user-friendly interface offered by the web and mobile apps, authorities can effectively visualize and evaluate the surveillance data. One important aspect of the cloud architecture is its scalability, which allows for the integration of an expanding network of security cameras as needed. This guarantees the system's flexibility and future-proofing to satisfy the changing needs of public safety. Strengthening the proactive capacities of law enforcement through

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The study aimed to develop buccal tablets of Ivabradine HCl, focusing on mucoadhesive properties. Various polymers, including Natrosol 250 M, Natrosol 250 HHX, Natrosol 250 G, and Carbopol 934 P, were employed via direct compression. Infrared spectrum analysis confirmed no drug-polymer interactions. Tablets met pharmacopoeial standards for weight, hardness, thickness, friability, and drug content. Their surface pH indicated safe mucosal use. Swelling up to 8 hours in distilled water ensured bioadhesion integrity. In-vitro release extended to 8 hours, with formulation F6 exhibiting 99% drug release, hence chosen for optimization using factorial design. Factorial batches (I1-I9) with Carbopol 934 P and Natrosol as variables showed significant outcomes. Batch I8 achieved desired drug release. Batch O1 was fine-tuned for drug release and mucoadhesive strength, releasing 99% over 8 hours, with good permeability. Zero order was determined to be the best-fitting model (R2 = 0.99832), suggesting non-Fickian diffusion. Stability assessment over a month confirmed formulation stability. Batch O1 outperformed a commercial product, becoming the optimized formulation.

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Ivabradine HCl, Natrosol 250 M, Natrosol 250 HHX, Natrosol 250 G, and Carbopol 934 P.

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This research assesses the effectiveness of palliative care interventions on the psychological well-being of caregivers tending to patients with chronic and acute illnesses. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data from 80 caregivers were analyzed to explore changes in stress, burden, and overall psychological health. Results indicate significant improvements in caregivers' psychological outcomes, highlighting the critical role of tailored palliative care interventions.

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Palliative Care, Caregivers, Psychological Well-being, Chronic Illness, Acute Illness

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In this paper we are come to know about different facts about our indian mathematicians and astronomer that facilitate indian mathematics in different level.This focus on different concept of indian knowledge system as per the students level,here we are going to discuss about vedic mathematics,conversion of regular fravtion in to decimal form, different vedas using modus -opetandi'-chart Concept of limit in IKS and in the view of modern mathematics further given about the calculas in ancient times explained by indian mathematicianhow they paved the way for other to think about it and make more development in the field of calculas.Later we see about Pythagorean theorem in the view of vedas.

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Upvedas and the six Vedangas , modus -opetandi'-chart,limit,calculus,Pythagorean theorem.

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This paper presents the design and development of a solar-powered grass cutter aimed at providing an eco-friendly solution for grass maintenance tasks. The project focuses on harnessing solar energy to power a grass cutting mechanism, thus reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. The paper outlines the design process, including component selection, system integration, and testing procedures. Furthermore, it discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of solar-powered grass cutting technology.

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Keywords: Solar energy, Grass cutter, Eco-friendly, Sustainable design, Renewable energy.

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The four papers collectively provide a comprehensive overview of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles, covering battery technology trends, charging methods, technical developments, emerging technologies, and alternative energy resources. The papers emphasize the environmental motivations for EV adoption, discuss advantages and challenges, and propose solutions such as ongoing research, advancements in battery technologies, and hybridization with renewable energy sources. The importance of government initiatives, industry engagement, and the role of EVs in Smart Cities is highlighted. Additionally, there's a focus on the economic viability of utilizing electric vehicles as power resources for electric utilities, showcasing benefits such as enhanced reliability and reduced costs. Overall, the papers offer valuable insights into the current state, challenges, and potential future directions in the field of electric and hybrid vehicles. There are a number of reasons why electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular, such as their lower cost and increased awareness of environmental issues and climate change. Many nations have accelerated the development of electric vehicles in an effort to lessen their reliance on foreign oil and their contribution to environmental pollutionThe various EV charging standards that are available, along with suggestions for battery energy management and power control.

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Electric Vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, batteries, charging,

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