Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Abstract: The number of people employed under public sector is decreasing every year. The peculiar pluralist character of Indian society, with diverse living standards of people, necessitates differential and preferential treatment. There is an alienation of certain sections of people from the main stream of the society due to social, economic, political and economic backwardness. In fact, there subsists social exclusion of such sections of people in India. Looking from the perception of justice, treating 'equals' equally and 'unequals' unequally, the state is coerced to provide positive discrimination. Reservation is the key process of social inclusion. However, reservation has to compromise quality as well as productivity and therefore, unlike in public sector its appliance in private sector is tedious task. In recent times, the government of India has been giving greater emphasis on privatisation in their policy framework. Leaving many posts under the public sector unfilled and promoting informal employment has become another policy of the government. Despite this trend, the demand for employment in public sector is very high. The national employment exchange statistics report discloses that over 433.8 lakhs of job seekers have registered for employment in period 2012-16. This privatisation policy would definitely alter the prevailing reservation statistics and create a very redundant social environment for the people belonging to the backward sections. There is also the dichotomy of raising the percentage of reservation on the one side and falling public employment rate, where reservation is applicable, on the other side. The progress brought about by privatisation would benefit mainly the forward sections of people. Apart from the perpetuation of the existing social exclusion, large scale privatisation would give birth to new socially excluded sections of people.

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Social Exclusion, Privatisation, Reservation

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The study explored the attitudes and achievements of secondary students towards geography, with a specific focus on Murshidabad, West Bengal. Utilizing descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, the research examined gender differences in attitudes, academic achievements, and the relationship between attitudes and achievements. Results indicated significant disparities between male and female students in enjoyment of the subject, engagement with content and academic achievements, with females consistently outperforming males. Moreover, a strong positive correlation is found between attitudes towards geography and academic achievements. These findings underscored the importance of addressing gender disparities and fostering positive attitudes towards geography through interactive teaching methods, culturally relevant curriculum, and inclusive learning environments to enhance student engagement and academic success in geography education across West Bengal.

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Geography education, Secondary students, Attitudes, Academic Achievements.

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Construction industry could be considered as a very important sector for development all over the World and the construction cost is the most important element in it. The construction project can vary from extremely profitable to barely worth it and sometimes end up costing the contractor more than what he or she is getting paid to complete it. In construction industry the aim of project control is to ensure the projects finish on time, within budget and achieving other project activities. Time and cost are two main concerns which increase importance of cost reduction techniques. Reduction of cost of construction is a constant goal for construction industry. One way of reducing construction cost is to develop innovative technologies as well as methodologies to increase productivity. This study was carried out to identify the factors affecting construction cost. The factors were identified based on case studies and market surveys. In this paper, we have studied different techniques for optimization. To minimize the construction cost and duration at each phase is important. It is a need to meet the present day requirements and to complete the project within the estimated time, cost, and available resources. Mainly affecting the factor on cost of project is delay in project and material. Several methods have been developed and applied to analyze the time-cost problems, but they can optimize only one parameter. Various low cost material also suggested for optimizing the cost of project along with maintaining the quality and strength of the project. Also various mathematical method and software based models studied for optimization. This study centers on assessing the cost of construction project and compare the construction cost with the optimized cost of the same building by using advance construction techniques and materials. Outcomes of cost study suggest that the construction cost of residential building project is reduced by 20-30%, 10-20% in infrastructural projects and 25-35% in industrial projects than the construction cost.

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Value Engineering, Cost Optimization Techniques, Advance methods, Material Management, etc.

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As plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) become more popular, the utility companies are forced to feed the grid more electricity. However, these PHEVs are capable of providing power to the grid when they are parked serving as ancillary systems for grid regulation (V2G). Using a system based on photovoltaic (PV) technology, a design for a bidirectional inverter with LCL filter, and a bidirectional dc-dc with a constant current controller, was constructed using LT spice. Various papers were researched and analyzed to determine applicable designs for components. Simulations show the designs are capable of bidirectional power transfer. ETAP simulations show that delivering power to the grid provides additional unnecessary reactive power. Additional design topologies are recommended for future workThe society of automotive engineers define three levels of charging for EVs. level 1 charging uses a plug to connect to the vehicle's on-board charger and a standard household (120v) outlet. This is the slowest form of charging and works for those who travel less than 60 kilometers a day and have all night to charge. Level 2 charging uses a dedicated electric vehicle supply equipment(EVSE) at home or at a public station to provide power at 220 V or 240 V and up to 30 A. The level 3 charging is also referred to as dc fast charging time to 20-30 mins. DC fast charging is preferred for implementing a V2G architecture in micro-grid due to the quick power transfer that is required when EVs are utilized for energy storage. Also the dc bus can be used for integrating renewable generation source into the system.

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Keywords: Bidirectional, Inverter, DC-DC, PHEV, PEV, Vehicle-to-Grid, V2G

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Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to cloud computing infrastructures, with the potential for substantial financial damage. Current detection approaches often fall short in addressing the sophisticated attack strategies that exploit the unique characteristics of cloud systems, such as elasticity and multi-tenancy. This research proposes a novel framework that leverages trust-based mechanisms to improve the detection of suspicious nodes within cloud-based virtual machines. Through combining data-driven and opinion-based trust sources via Bayesian reasoning, the hypervisor can establish reliable relationships with guest VMs and make informed decisions about their trustworthiness. Additionally, a game-theoretic approach is introduced to optimize the allocation of detection load among VMs, maximizing the identification of DDoS attacks while minimizing the utilization of critical cloud resources. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, with enhanced attack detection rates, reduced false positives and negatives, and efficient resource utilization compared to existing methodologies.

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game theory, virtualization, security, trust, cloud computing, distributed denial of service (DDoS), detection load distribution

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TUMORS , BEE VENOM , ANTICANCER

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mucoadhesive nanoemulsion,Migrane, intranasal,NDDS, Ace-Inhibitor

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Corporate Criminal Liability (CCL) jurisprudence has become increasingly significant in India amidst rapid economic growth and globalization. This research paper delves into the evolution of CCL jurisprudence in India, examining pivotal judicial decisions, legislative provisions, enforcement challenges, and recent developments. The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of CCL, identify shortcomings in existing legal frameworks, and propose policy recommendations to enhance corporate accountability. The research explores landmark cases such as Standard Chartered v. Directorate of Enforcement and Aneeta Hada v. M/s Godfather Travels & Tours Private Limited, which have shaped the trajectory of CCL jurisprudence in India. These cases elucidate the principles of corporate liability and address the complexities surrounding vicarious liability in the absence of explicit statutory provisions. However, challenges persist in establishing mens rea and attributing corporate misconduct to individual directors. The effectiveness of current sentencing regimes, predominantly reliant on fines, is critically evaluated. Despite efforts to impose substantial fines, their deterrent effect on corporate misconduct remains dubious, especially for large corporations capable of absorbing financial penalties. Enforcement challenges, including spillover effects and the burden on government resources, underscore the imperative for alternative sentencing mechanisms. Identified gaps in the legal framework reveal deficiencies in addressing corporate criminal intent and holding corporate directors accountable for organizational wrongdoing. The absence of innovative sentencing options, regulatory fragmentation, and inadequate legislative provisions pose significant hurdles to prosecuting corporate offenders effectively. To address these challenges and enhance corporate accountability, policymakers are urged to consider a multifaceted approach. Proposed policy recommendations include the introduction of innovative sentencing options beyond fines, consolidation of regulatory oversight, legislative reforms to clarify corporate criminal intent, and capacity building for law enforcement agencies and judicial officers. In conclusion, while India has made strides in recognizing corporate accountability, there remains a pressing need to strengthen legal frameworks for CCL. By implementing the proposed policy recommendations and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, India can fortify its stance on corporate accountability and align with global best practices in combating corporate misconduct.

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Corporate Criminal Liability, Jurisprudence, Legal Framework, Enforcement Challenges, Policy Recommendations

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Herbal medicines represent one of the most important fields of traditional medicine all over the world. Herbal medicines are being used by about 80% of the world population primarily in the developing countries for primary health care. Tinospora cordifolia is a popular medicinal plant which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases such as jaundice, rheumatism, urinary disorder, skin diseases, diabetes, anemia, inflammation, allergic condition, anti-periodic, radio protective properties, etc. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the phytochemical constituents (phenols, tannins, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, protein and carbohydrates) present in Tinospora cordifolia using standard methods. Separation of plant pigments and secondary metabolites was done using the quantitative methods such as TLC and HPTLC. Antioxidant, Anti diabetic, anti-inflammatory activity was checked using different solvents.

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Tinospora cordifolia, phytoconstituents, secondary metabolites, TLC, HPTLC, anti- diabetic, anti- inflammatory.

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Across the globe, mental health care is a vital component of healthcare. Millions of people worldwide are impacted by mental health conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and many of these patients do not receive the proper care for many of the causes. By providing patients with individualized, effective and easily accessible care, artificial intelligence holds the potential to completely transform the mental health care industry. In addition to offering a platform for psychotherapy interventions, AI tools can accurately diagnose patients and recommend courses of treatment. This article examines the advantages, drawbacks, and potential future research areas of artificial intelligence in mental health treatment.

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Healthcare, mental health care, artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning(ML), mental wellness, challenges

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An electricity monitoring and power off system that allows users to check the electricity theft and bill payments monitoring. The project provides auto bill generation and bill monitoring and make power off using IOT. The main scope of this project is to create smart IOT based energy meter which is used track energy consumption via WIFI module. We can get data of the energy consumption on time requirement basis consumption basis. Some of the issues of the existing systems are Every time we cannot check the meter and figure out the energy consumption manually.In our project consumption of electricity can be monitored remotely. It could generate more accurate bills. We can also control the load (on/off) by sending a message also the bill will be generated after load is turned off.

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Direct Current, Power supply, Global System for Mobile communication ,Internet Of Things, Integrated Circuit ,Liquid Crystal Display, Etc.

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This study explores how Natural Language Processing (NLP) is transforming the healthcare industry, with a particular emphasis on clinical text mining. An ever-growing corpus of unstructured medical texts and the widespread use of electronic health records, also known as EHRs, have made it imperative to have automated techniques for extracting insightful data. The study examines the opportunities and difficulties brought about by healthcare text, taking into account the subtleties of medical terminology, privacy issues, and the moral ramifications of algorithmic decision-making. In showcasing the wider applications of NLP in healthcare, the study ends by imagining a day when complex language models will be essential in transforming the processing, interpretation, and use of medical data for the benefit of both patients and healthcare professionals.

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Natural Language Processing, Healthcare, EHR, Electronics Health Record

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Abstract- Women in the ancient world history were more powerful and equally potent as men especially in Indian history. The chaste woman at that time was not touched by anyone except her husband; they were holy women, the holiness in them itself is a power and they were born empowered. The creator God though is almighty but has not reserved any power against the will and decision made by a chaste woman only to give respect them and not to overtake the powers as given by the God to those chaste woman which explains that the God also gives respect to the chaste women. The first ever powerful and daring woman in the history is Goddess Sati the wife of God Shiba who fought against the injustice and disrespect given to her husband God Shiba due to non-invitation by her father Daksa Prajapati who arranged a Yagyan, the holy fire; so she couldn't tolerated this and protested against the injustice to her husband as given by his father but couldn't got any positive response towards invitation to her husband which was a serious affront to the couple Shiva-Sati, and instead of facing so many resistances she strongly decided and burnt herself to death by jumping into the holy Fire that was organised by his father, reveals that she is the first ever woman who fought against the injustice as she was truely empowered with her innate education which made her distinct and unique from others; her dedication to her husband is unmatched and she became the forerunner in chastity. There were so many chaste women in India who were illustrious women for their self education making them immortal in the history. The woman who will be more educated will be more powerful and will have develop more decision making capacity and strong like the Goddess Sati who is crowned the first empowered woman in the history. Women education's importance was deeply felt by Pandit Jawaharlal Neheru and he stated that, "If you educate a man you educate an individual, however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family. Women empowered means mother India empowered". Empowered with all sectors is though necessary but first of all empowered with good health is most important because women must have to be healthy to save their money, time and prevent any physical disability, to live a long and healthy life, and to reduce premature death of the family and ultimately of the nation and world; then to be educated to that minimum level so that women can earn some money to live a better and healthy and disease free life, to lengthen the life which is one of the pillars of empowerig women. Empowering women Educationally, socially, economically, politically and legally is a strenuous work and not so easy to change the culture of disregard for women that extremely deep-rooted in the Indian society. From the very beginning of time the human race needed empowered women to build powerful, intelligent, healthy offsprings, but due to male dominance the process is very slow but still ongoing. Education has a key role in living a healthy, hygienic life with dignity and honour and decreased mortality in womens' society, Exploring Hidden potential in them we all irrespective of gender should give respect to the women.

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Chaste Woman, Empowered Woman, Education, Empowerment

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This exploration plans to research the connection between the ability to understand anyone on a profound level and Unknown dialect Nervousness among students of unknown dialects. An example size of 100 members was taken which comprised of Japanese students (N=50) and Spanish students (N=50) who had a place with the age gathering of 18-25 years. The comfort test was finished alongside willful reaction inspecting. Pearson's item second connection and autonomous example t-test were utilized for factual investigation of the gathered information involving Measurable Bundle for Sociologies (SPSS) to track down the outcomes. The factual examination of the information reasoned that there is a critical pessimistic connection is tween's Capacity to understand people on a deeper level and Unknown dialect Tension among unknown dialect students in India. In any case, no huge contrast was found between the unknown dialect nervousness levels of Spanish and Japanese students. Simultaneously, no huge relationship could be seen between the ability to understand individuals at their core and unknown dialect nervousness levels of Spanish students and Japanese students independently.

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Emotional Intelligence, Foreign Language Anxiety

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In the thriving realm of e-commerce and digital transactions, effective price negotiation stands as a cornerstone for both consumers and businesses. This project embarks on a journey to redefine price negotiation dynamics by harnessing the power of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models within chatbot frameworks. Our aim is to revolutionize user interactions and streamline negotiation processes through the innovative integration of NLP techniques. These models facilitate the analysis of user inputs, interpretation of negotiation contexts, and formulation of optimal bargaining tactics, thereby enhancing user experiences and fostering mutually beneficial outcomes. Through iterative refinement utilizing performance metrics and user feedback, we strive to elevate the efficacy and efficiency of price negotiation interactions, ultimately empowering users and businesses in their decision-making processes. This project exemplifies the transformative potential of NLP-based chatbots in reshaping price negotiation dynamics within digital marketplaces. By bridging the gap between human-like negotiation dynamics and automated conversational agents, we pave the way for enhanced user experiences, streamlined transactions, and empowered consumer decision-making in the competitive landscape of e-commerce.

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Natural Language Processing, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Price Negotiation, E-Commerce Negotiation, Chatbot.

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Ecoliterature is reflected in almost all Languages of the World because not only Scientists but also Philosophers, Writers, Poets always think about and Love our great Mother the Earth; truely the Mother(Creator) of everything we see on the Earth may it be living or non-living, for which reason the scientists use their weapons the Brain, the poets use their weapons the Pen and Love to fight for a green and a close affinity to every creature establishing only one family, the Earth Family where only Love and Affection must be present in everybody's heart. Eco-literature is invention of Love in the hearts of animals, birds in the Literary World like the new invention in science, has the vital role in making the people aware and create a Loveness in every readers' heart so that everyone can love and save our beloved motherly earth from various natural and artificial destructive processes and establish a non-violent earth. In almost all Indian Languages and Literature many poets have intention to save, love and grow our ecosystem and also in Odia Language though many Ecoliteratures have created milestones; but amongst them Radhamohan Gadanayak's work on his creation 'Pasupakshira Kabya' is the most important in which he narrated about how the Animals, Birds, Plants, Rivers, Seas, Sun, Moon play their role in Eastern and Western Mythology and Modern Literature starting from the world's first epic the Ramayana. Padmashree Radhamohan Gadanayak's creation is based on Environment, Nature and Animal; though there is a deep love for nature in the heart of almost all poets but Radhamohan Gadanayak is different from others as he had a special love for the nature as well as animals, birds, environment. He is really something special in writing skills in his poetry work. He discovered special humanitarian qualities in animals, birds and environment which is reflected in his poetry in a well defined manner and proven that no difference between human and animal in the respect of duty and love towards a justice to the society by a true loving heart; may it be human or animal.

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Mother-Earth, Eco-System, Eco-Literature, Odia-Literature, Lovenees, Nature

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This article explores the healing potential of mindfulness meditation in promoting mental health among adolescents. Drawing upon a wealth of research and empirical evidence, it examines the efficacy of mindfulness interventions in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress among youth. The article delves into the underlying mechanisms through which mindfulness exerts its therapeutic effects, highlighting its role in enhancing emotional regulation, self awareness . Furthermore, it discusses the implementation of mindfulness programs in educational settings, addressing challenges and considerations for effective integration. Through personal testimonials and case studies, the article illuminates the lived experiences of adolescents who have benefited from mindfulness practice, underscoring its value as a holistic approach to supporting adolescent mental health.

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Mindfulness meditation, adolescents, mental health, stress reduction, anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, self awareness, mindfulness programs.

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The elimination of GST (Goods and Services Tax) compensation has substantial ramifications for Indian state income. This article evaluates the impact of compensation withdrawal on state budgets using data from 2017-18 through 2020-21. The findings show that many states heavily depend on GST compensation to bridge the income gap, and that removing compensation will result in revenue deficits, fiscal imbalances, and developmental setbacks. Furthermore, the withholding of compensation contradicts cooperative federalism and may result in a slowing of economic progress. To address the possible negative consequences, mitigation measures such as finding other income sources, improving tax administration, and rationalising spending are required. In the absence of GST compensation, collaborative efforts between the central government and states, as well as wise financial management, are critical to ensuring a balanced and thriving economic environment.

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GST, Tax System, VAT, GST Revenue, GST Compensation, Indirect Tax, VAT

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The sanctity of family, deeply embedded in Indian culture, faces unprecedented challenges in the modern era, resulting in an alarming rise in dysfunctional families. Kerala, renowned for its cultural richness and communal harmony, has not been immune to this trend. The Brethren, longstanding custodians of Biblical values in Kerala, have witnessed an increase in family problems over the past decade, signaling a pressing need for intervention. In response, a comprehensive module addressing seven crucial facets of family life--Physical, Mental, Intellectual, Emotional, Financial, Sexual, and Spiritual Maturity--was developed. This module aimed to reshape familial behavioral patterns through awareness talks and training classes conducted for 80 families. Pre- and post-tests revealed a significant improvement in behavioral patterns among participants who attended the training classes compared to those who only received awareness talks. Further analysis utilizing ANCOVA confirmed that the observed differences were not influenced by extraneous factors, affirming the efficacy of the training program. The success of this module underscores its potential to effect positive change in family dynamics, paving the way for functional familial relationships. Thus, we recommend the widespread adoption of this module to address the escalating challenges facing families in contemporary society.

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Family Dynamics, Family Life Education programme, Behavioral Patterns, Young Family Members

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The job of teaching is becoming physically and mentally challenging task due to administrative pressure, institutional climate and other outside assignments especially after Covid pandemic, as a result teacher's effectiveness, mental health, emotional intelligence has been affected badly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of all these variables of secondary school teachers. The study adopted a quantitative approach, by collecting data from 1403 Secondary School teachers of district Kishtwar, Ramban and Doda of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir which were randomly selected in the study. teacher effectiveness scale (self designed and standardized),school organizational climate scale, emotional intelligence scale and mental health scale were distributed among teachers to determine the status of organizational climate, mental health, emotional health and teacher's effectiveness of the secondary school teachers. The data was analyzed with the help of excel and (SPSS) statistical package for social sciences.Q1 and Q3 were used to determine the three levels i,e High Perceived (HP),Low perceived (LP) and Average Perceived (AP) groups. The outcome of the study indicates the actual status, level and percentage of secondary school teachers, in connection with dependent and independent variables involved in the study of all the three districts. The implication of this paper is to provide an insight and information related to organizational climate, mental health, emotional intelligence and teacher's effectiveness which is prerequisite in improving teacher's performance in schools. This study has suggested a feasible research strategy that would be helpful to gain a good organisational climate as well as maximize the advantages of a positive and healthy organizational environment. Researchers will benefit from this research's addition of theoretical concepts and viewpoints and it will help them to comprehend the idea and significance of organisational climate.

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Organizational Climate, Emotional Intelligence, Mental Health, Teacher's Effectiveness, Dependent and Independent Variables.

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