Volume 9 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Covid crisis has shut the entire globe. India is the worst impacted by this biological disaster. The virus has reached all the states of India. Despite all possible virus preventing efforts, the second wave has found its way to the remotest villages of the country. Uttarakhand is a little mountainous state in North India. It is experiencing the worst phase of the second wave of this biological calamity. Despite its difficult terrain, the virus reached the region with ease and is causing multiple losses of life and livelihood. This research paper analyses the reasons behind this sporadic jump of the lethal Corona to the impossible terrains. It also showcases both the efforts and the lapse in the health infrastructure and the political will, amidst the uproar of life to stumble the corona crisis.

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Key Words: Covid-19, Corona crisis, vulnerability, biological disaster, remote areas, lockdown, policy mechanisms, Community Health Centers (CHCs), Primary Health Center (PHCs).

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Interaction of plants with environmental factors and microbial world is a dynamic process. As part of this ever-changing process new disease emerges or minor disease may become major with time. This paper majorly reports a very brief account of well-studied old diseases of sorghum and emphasizes on emerging diseases with particular reference to India. Description of sorghum diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and their transmission through seed implies quarantine significance. The fungus pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina was successfully isolated from the basal portion of the charcoal rot of infected Sorghum stem collected from the fields of National Research Centre for Sorghum (NRCS) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. In this present study small bits of sclerotia bearing strands were surface sterilized by immersing in 0.1 percent mercury chloride for two minutes. The surface sterilized strands washed in three changes of sterile distilled water. They were planted on PDA under aseptic conditions and incubated at 250C in SEW, BOD incubator. After 4days of incubation the fungus was transferred on a fresh PDA plate and was purified through single sclerotia isolation purified culture of M. phaseolina was maintained on PDA slants at room temperature (26-280C).

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Isolation, Fungal Pathogen, M. phaseolina Sclerotia, aseptic and Charcoal rot and Sorghum bicolor (L.)

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This paper introduces that the current problems of the society and general peoples who are connected with smartphones and technology for all we propose to Door step service provider in Android technology for users. User can search provided services and use accordingly. Services providing sector is a one of the most demanded sector now a day. The motive of this application is to provide workers for the household works such as an electrician, plumbers and many more.as per our analysis Other applications do not provide such services in the construction area Generally there are applications in market which provides selected works such as providing maid etc. And we are try to deal with labors and also services provider.

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worker, labor, services, android

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Hydrobiology, Ichthyofauna, Diversity, Wetland

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The police force is one of the most essential for this world community. Police officers have been sacrificing their lives for the protection of man since ancient times. Wherever a mistake is made, it will be stopped, and the offender will be punished, and justice will be done to the victim. As time went on, the respect of the people towards the police department increased. However, in today's society, the police department is feared and angered by a few people. This is because people embrace and hate the guards for the mistakes made by a few guards, including the guards who behave well and honestly. The reason for conducting this research is to find out what people think about policing in today's epidemic environment and a consistent explanation for it. This study was conducted among 300 individuals comprising both the genders of Udangudi-Thoothukudi district, Tamilnadu. The questionnaire method was used to collect the response from the individuals, and there were 13 questions, including general information, which the investigator designed. A 'Simple Random Sampling Technique was used to collect the samples, and the research design was employed in this study was a quantitative approach to descriptive design. In examining the information obtained, the people have a reasonable opinion of the police department in this context; they are well aware of the difficulties faced by the police officers and have some expectations among the people.

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 Keywords

COVID19; pandemic; lockdown; police officers; individuals: police duties: awareness

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Agriculture have a vital role in our day nowadays life. currently the population has increased and it additionally increased the demand for food. therefore it's necessary to extend the production of crops. For higher production of crops the plants ought to be well grown and guarded from diseases. Manual identification of disease isn't potential for giant scale farmers all the time because it is time consuming and want a lot of labours for that. Diseases are often simply detected by applying machine learning. By applying machine learning technique we are able to establish the disease that's affected to the leaf, stem, root and fruits. pictures captured using mobile camera are processed with image processing technique. The features are extracted from the disease affected half and it can be classified by machine learning technique like Convolutional Neural Network(CNN). An application that may predict the disease affected to the plant and potential precautions to avoid the disease are developed.

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Machine Learning, CNN, Image processing

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In the pandemic chiefly it is recommended to avoid visiting crowded places such as super markets, malls, etc. So we are preparing a system that is used to maintain social distance and contactless purchasing of the products in malls by making trolleys inside the malls, automated that is upgrading trolley smart trolley in the terms of TROLLIGENT, simply intelligent trolley so that once the list is passed to the trolley it will collect the products and deliver the amount to be paid by the customer. By doing this it will reduce purchasing time as standing in queue is avoided at times. The purpose of this system is to help the society efficiently by saving their time and their lives.

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Barcode reader, Smart Trolley, Line tracing Robot, Wi-Fi, Raspberry Pi.

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In this era of internet, e-commerce is growing by leaps and bounds keeping the growth of brick-and-mortar businesses in the dust. In many cases, brick-and-mortar businesses are resorting to having a counterpart which is internet or e-commerce driven. People in the developed world and a growing number of people in the developing world now use e-commerce websites on a daily basis to make their everyday purchases. To remain ahead in this race of digital revolution the e-commerce websites needs to understand the consumer behavior for better business. The paper discusses about the need for local vendors to boost to e-commerce platforms and increase their customer range. It also outlines different aspects of developing an e-commerce website for these vendors for making them digitally compatible with the growing market. The study goes ahead to consider the factors on which the behavior analysis of consumer is performed and need of the data privacy for an e-commerce application.

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Consumer Behavior, e-commerce, analysis, e-commerce analysis, privacy

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Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is an integral part of advanced drug delivery systems. About 75% of drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as effective as desired. To improve such characters there is need to developed transdermal drug delivery system. This advancement in drug delivery offers many advantages over traditional methods. Uniform drug plasma concentration, improved bioavailability, Predetermined rate of drug release, reduction in toxic side effects, painless and easy application and simply removing the patch from the skin if any unwanted effects occur are some of the potential advantages of transdermal drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) are very effectively overcome the hepatic first pass metabolism and improve the steady plasma drug concentration. This article gives a brief overview over principles behind transdermal drug delivery, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of transdermal drug delivery systems and describes the factor affecting transdermal permeability of different types of transdermal patches, evaluation parameters.

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Transdermal patch, Permeation, Percutaneous absorption

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In modern time, vehicles are more in an automated manner to make the drivers more easy driving and relaxation. In the automobile industry there are various aspects that make a vehicle to an autonomous vehicle. This automatic vehicle is mainly focusing on using fewer resources and low cost to develop a highly efficient self-driving vehicle. It includes Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and robotics. The system is based on an ARM-based low-power Low-cost CPU (P.C) which is mostly in mobile architecture. The vehicle is designed and built in such a way that it not only detects simple obstacles but also detects all kinds of kind of signs, and obstacles only with the help of a simple camera and an ARM PC. The vehicle performs all these by the Machine Learning algorithm in PC. Thus, a highly efficient automatic vehicle is built

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 Keywords

Autonomous vehicle, IoT, Robotics, Machine Learning.

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Traffic sign detection is an important aspect of autonomous vehicles, this helps in avoiding accidents. In this project, a deep learning model is implemented with YOLO's (You Look Only Once) latest version YOLOv4. YOLO is one of the fastest object detection algorithms for real-time detection. In YOLOV4, CSPDarknet54 is used which acts as the backbone, this promotes the learning capability of CNN. We prepared two models, one that was trained on the GTSDB dataset and another on an independently made dataset consisting of 4 classes. We achieved a 92% mAP on the GTSDB dataset and 94.40% mAP on the CSST dataset.

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Traffic Sign Detection, YOLOv4, GTSDB, CNN, Machine learning, Darknet

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Flat-gain and wideband amplification of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) was demonstrated using a dual stage amplifier technique. The performance of dual stage EDF amplifiers was investigated at high input signal power (0 dBm) and low input signal power (-30 dBm) and then it is compared with single stage EDF amplifier by varying input signal power and length of gain medium. Compared to high input signal power both stages of amplifiers showed better performance at low input signal power (-30 dBm). Dual stage amplifier showed better amplification in comparison with single stage amplifier. The dual stage amplifier gave the highest gain from the gain medium length of 1 m and 10 m for EDF 1 and EDF 2 ,respectively, with the fixed pump power of 100 mW and the fixed gain medium length of 1.5 m for EDF 1 and 15 m for EDF 2 gave highest gain with the highest pump power of 700 mW. Through the dual stage amplifier technique, flat-gain and wideband amplification were significantly achieved.

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Dual stage amplifier, EDFA, Flat-gain, Gain amplification

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Online banking , the wave of the future. it provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of ease and cost of transaction, through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery. Many under-graduate students have bank accounts and they are conversant with the evolving technology associated with modern banking. As newer technologies are introduced every day, so do students adjust their lifestyles, values and even their spending habits to suite these emerging developments and newer needs. Generally, students have theoretical knowledge of e banking and different service in e banking but all students use this knowledge in practical way and so to find out proper findings that whether students really using e banking or not this research is necessary it is the research on Awareness of online banking service in graduate students.

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E-Banking

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IoT, Raspberry Pi, Modular garbage collector.

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In our nation, fruit recognition and its maturity monitoring is a difficult task due to the mass production of fruit products. In order to determine and evaluate the quality of the fruit accurately. The project presents, In real time with camera developing a sorting machine for classification of multiple fruits and checking the time they survive and evaluate the rank of the fruits based on its quality. Firstly, the algorithm bring out the RGB image values and the background of image was disengaged by the split-and-merge algorithm. Secondly, the extracted multiple features are namely its color, statistical, textural and geometrical feature. Geometrical features are used in the evaluation of quality of the fruits. Additionally four different classifiers k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), support vector machine(SVM), sparse representative classifier(SRC) and artificial neural network(ANN) are used to classify the fruits. The SVM classifier has seen to be more effective in quality evaluation. Using k-fold cross-validation techniques validates the system performance by considering different values of k. The classification is among Rank1, Rank2 and defected one. The system achieved maximum accuracy for fruit detection and classification.

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Fruit quality, Defect detection, Geometrical feature, Textural feature, Statistical feature

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21st century is the generation of industrialization and corporate world, but polluted air and stress has become the two major points of distress. The solution can be seen in indoor landscaping or interior gardening, the solution is offered by horticultural studies. Indoor landscape or also known as softscape refers to the animate (living), precisely the flora of a particular area. Since ages gardens have played important role in human history. But gardening consumes a lot of time, human effort is needed, good water facilitation as well as a good fertile area of ground is the necessity. All this seems to be impossible due to the human population explosion seen in recent years. As density of people has increased over a given area proportionately the need of clean and fresh air has also increased. Concrete jungles have flourished ferociously and the desired as well as the needed air quality has declined resulting in stress, depression and multiple respiratory diseases. Horticulture sciences has come up with very sui generis idea of interior landscaping as a solution to all problems. Interior landscaping includes all the flora which can be grown and used to regulate all the adverse conditions for human survival. Plants not only help to the groom of interiors but also contribute to the psychological well being of humans. The goal is to create a synergetic environment for both plants and humans. In this review paper, establishment and benefits of indoor landscaping is discussed, the plants befitting interior landscape has been enlisted along with their use as per Indian subcontinent.

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: Interior scaping, indoor plants, water efficient indoor gardening, aesthetic value etc

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The COVID-19 pandemic has thrown ups and down every facet of our lives. Even before the inception of this crisis, the social and economic integration of youth was an ongoing challenge. Now, unless urgent action is taken, youth are likely to agonize severe and long-lasting impression from the pandemic. The pandemic has magnified this societal conundrum about whether social media is useful or harmful. This pandemic has forced us to shift our entertainment as well our social interaction resources. This research will be useful for people of all ages who aim to understand the benefits and drawbacks of media use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Binge watching, Covid-19, Youth, Screen time, Television Media

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Optimization in simplest terms optimization is choosing inputs that will result in the best possible outputs or making things the best that they can be. In the era from 2006 to 2009 peoples are looking to improve learning algorithms. At that time the best learning algorithm was gradient descent and the researchers are looking for a better learning algorithm than gradient descent. The researchers are looking for a better solution to the initialization problem in a neural network or some clear wait configuration. And that time they have sigmoid as a nonlinear activation function and they are searching for some better activation function. So they have started to invent new optimization techniques to improve all above parameters. Here in this paper we are comparing some latest Optimisation algorithms and made the conclusion that which algorithm is better in artificial intelligence e applications.

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:- Artificial Intelligence, Optimization Algorithms, Adam, Nestrov, Gradient Descent

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ABSTRACT: Irrigation is very important input of agriculture and most of the successful green revolution areas in India also concede with high irrigation intensity areas, since adequate and timely moisture supply is a sine-qua-non in the new agriculture its success is linked very closely with the development of irrigation. The problem of low agricultural productivity can be tackled by improving farm facility irrigational facilities. Differences in the provisions of irrigation facilities account for a substantial amount of variation in agricultural output between regions. If constant supply of water is ensured transformation and expansion of agriculture can take place. Without irrigation very little can be expected from extensive cultivation. Besides, irrigation helps greatly in raising the yield of land. In the foregoing analysis an evaluation of the aspects of irrigation in Yadgir district, has been made in detail in order to understand the role and impact of irrigation in the development of agriculture and its efficiency.

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Key words: Irrigation, Effect, Agriculture, Intensity of Irrigation

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