Volume 11 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Finance is defined as providing money when needed. All businesses, whether large or small, need funding to stay active and achieve their goals. No business can achieve its goals without adequate funding. Finance refers to the management of cash flow through an organization. It involves the application of technology to manipulate, use and control money. From the beginning to the end, finance has vital role in a company. It is necessary that correct estimate of the current and future need of capital be made to have an optimum capital structure which shall help the organization to run its work smoothly and without any stress. As a matter of fact, finance is very important aspect in any business. With huge funds, daily cash flow and continuous transactions, managing and monitoring all the above turn necessary To be specific financial management helps the organisation determine what to spend, where to spend and when to spend and finance is the functional process of business which helps to meet goals and objectives. This paper is about Impact of Financial Leverage on Profitability of renowned Indian companies.

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Leverage, EBT,EBIT,DFL Profit planning ,capital

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Brick making is one of the growing industries of India which had great contribution in the development of country. In order to meet the demands of urbanization the industry's production rate is also increasing. This has lead to the combustion of enormous amount of coal and other materials thus deteriorating the quality of environment. Brick kilns in developing countries are considered as one of the important source of pollution. Heavy metals are one of the reported pollutants from brick kilns and are highly persistent, non-biodegradable in nature and are serious threat to the environment. The aim of the current study was to assess the level of heavy metals in the soil around six selected brick kilns sites in Chhohata Bazar, District Akola. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil were determined by using AAS. The investigated concentrations of heavy metals in soils were compared with the WHO standards. It was found that the concentrations of all studied metals were below the permissible limits especially at agriculture soil located adjacent to brick kilns. The results of study showed that brick kilns have great potential of deteriorating the quality of environment so; it is recommended that the monitoring of soil around brick kilns should be carried out on regular basis in order to develop control measures to prevent the impacts of heavy metals pollution. Keywords: Brick Kilns, Threats, Prevention of the Impacts

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Keywords: Brick Kilns, Threats, Prevention of the Impacts

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Adolescents' coping mechanisms, self-esteem, and connection with bullying are all intricately intertwined and complicated. Bullying can have a significant impact on the self-esteem of adolescents resulting in emotions of inadequacy, worthlessness, and social isolation. The present study aims to understand the impact of Bullying on Self-esteem of Adolescents and Coping Strategies employed by them. For this purpose, a sample of 120 adolescents aged 13-19 years was selected. The Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A-COPE) were utilized as research tools. The SPSS statistics that were used for analyzing the data of the sample were Independent Sample t-test and Pearson's Correlation. The results showed that levels of bullying and self-esteem will be negatively correlated. Another major finding was that gender differences (male and female) were significant on bullying and self-esteem scales. Males were more prone to peer victimization, whereas women were comparatively higher in self-esteem in bullying situations. It was also found that coping strategies and self-esteem were positively correlated.

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Bullying, Self-Esteem, Coping Strategies, Adolescents

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The lower control arm is a unique type of independent suspension used in automobile vehicles. During the actual working condition, the maximum load is transferred from upper arm to the A arm which creates possibility of failure in the arm. Hence it is essential to focus on the stress analysis of A suspension arm to improve and modify the existing design. A suspension arm is an important part used in a suspension system of a car suspension arm performance a major role in managing the motion of the wheel during bump, turning, and breaking. This paper proposed the design optimization and model analysis of steel cast for the front A suspension arm was investigated. CATIA software was utilized to design the suspension arm. ANSYS 19 software was also used for analyzing the structural strength and optimize the parts weight. The target of the new design was a 20% weight reduction from the existing part fabricated using steel material. Testing and validation of new design using FEA analysis. Modal analysis carried out to find out natural frequencies of A suspension arm and validation are done with the help of Static Structural Analysis using ANSYS software, Impact Hammer Test & UTM.

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Keywords--Static Structural Analysis, Shape Optimization, FEA Analysis, Impact Hammer Test, UTM.

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Various acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(?), free length(Lf), free volume(Vf), internal pressure(?i), excess adiabatic compressibility (?E), excess free length(LfE), excess free volume(VfE) and excess internal pressure(?iE) have been evaluated from density(?), viscosity(?) and speeds of sound(U) measurement in two binary liquid mixtures of ethyl acetate with 1-proponal and ethyl acetate with 1-butanol at 303K.These parameters are found to be more sensitive towards the nature and the extent of intermolecular interactions in the binary liquid mixtures.

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ultrasonic velocity, acoustic Parameters, molecular interaction, excess values.

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The goal of this study is to turn an old bicycle into an electric one with the possibility to increase mileage. Electric bicycles are a new sustainable means of transportation for smart cities in the future. The rising demand for fuel and its high cost as a result of the growing number of automobiles on the road are currently one of the biggest issues our nation is dealing with. In many Asian nations, especially those with dense populations like India, where the majority of people commute on two wheels, air pollution is a big concern. For short distance commuting, using an electric bicycle will contribute to some pollution reduction. As part of this project, we created an electric bicycle. A 36V, 250W brushless direct current (BLDC) hub motor and lithium ion (Li-ion) battery power this electric bicycle. The sealed maintenance-free (SMF) battery is replaced with the Li-ion battery. Compared to SMF batteries, Li-ion batteries have additional benefits. This electric bicycle is less expensive, easier to build, and suitable for many short-distance users, including college students, office workers, villages, postmen, etc. It is ideal for both young and old persons. This bicycle saves money because it doesn't use expensive fossil fuels. Due to its lack of emissions, it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free.

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: Hub Motor, Controller, Li-ion Battery, Head light, Anti-theft alarm, Speedometer, DC-DC controller, mileage improvement.

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The fly-back converter is a popular power electronics converter for regulated power supply due to its simplicity and efficiency. This research paper concentrates on designing a flyback converter for a solar pump controller, considering input voltages from 400V to 1200V DC and output voltages of 15V, 5V, and 3.3V. Implementing the Cascode topology in the converter aims to increase controller performance, minimize losses, and improve voltage control. The Cascode technique improves overall efficiency by optimizing switching characteristics and reducing voltage stress on switching devices. The research analyses the behavior of a flyback converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) for a solar pump controller where the inductor current totally discharges after each switching cycle. The simulation results represent the converter in DCM using the Cascode technique is efficient, generating required output voltages and accurate voltage control over a broad range of input voltage changes. The results are beneficial for engineers and academics working on high-voltage isolated power supply, particularly for solar pump control applications. The paper has a sense on design considerations, simulations, and analysis of flyback converters, with a focus on improving the performance of solar pump controller.

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Isolated DC-DC converter, SMPS, Transformer, Power Electronics Switches

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Crowdfunding, a method that permits people who own businesses to make fundraising requests, is a unique and fresh methodology to supporting diverse business ideas. Businesses might be educational or commercial. Capital is regularly exchanged for future products or services. This comprises leveraging social media to link investors and businessmen. internet in exchange for financial incentives to fund alternative business ideas. Social media and the Internet are rising platforms. The internet and social media are critical fundraising tools for charity groups such as dealers. This article discusses the importance of technology in crowdfunding after providing a brief overview of the numerous crowdfunding platforms that have recently emerged. Crowdfunding relies on trust between investors and stakeholders. New technological advancements hold enormous promise for businesses and private crowdfunding. Blockchain-based crowdfunding platforms bring in a lot of money from sponsors and investors and boost the legitimacy of many different projects and enterprises. Key concepts include blockchain technology, collaboration, smart contracts, and crowdsourcing.

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crowdfunding, business idea, smart contract, crowdsource, Blockchain

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Microgreens, the young seedlings of edible vegetables and herbs, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their exceptional nutritional profile and potential health benefits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, properties, and role of microgreens as a food supplement in a healthy diet. Microgreens are cultivated by harvesting the young shoots of various plants at an early growth stage, typically within 7-14 days after germination. They exhibit high concentrations of essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Additionally, microgreens showcase unique flavor profiles and vibrant colors, enhancing the visual appeal of dishes. Research suggests that regular consumption of microgreens can contribute to improved overall health and well-being. They have been linked to potential benefits such as reduced risk of chronic diseases, enhanced digestion, and improved immune function. The bioactive compounds present in microgreens, including phenolic compounds and carotenoids, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, further supporting their health-promoting effects. Microgreens can be easily incorporated into daily meals as a versatile food supplement. They can be consumed fresh in salads, sandwiches, or smoothies, or used as garnishes and flavor enhancers in various culinary preparations. Their high nutritional content and potential health benefits make them an appealing choice for health-conscious individuals seeking to optimize their dietary intake. In conclusion, microgreens offer a promising addition to a healthy diet, providing a concentrated source of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. Further research is warranted to explore their specific health effects and optimal consumption patterns. Encouraging the integration of microgreens into dietary guidelines may contribute to promoting public health and fostering a culture of nutritious eating habits.

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Microgreens, seedlings, nutritional profile, health benefits, food supplement, antioxidants, culinary applications, dietary intake.

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Distributed generation (DG) is becoming more important due to the increase in the demands for electrical energy. Distribution system loss reduction is one of the prime objectives for planning of distributed generation. To minimize the losses, optimal sizing and location of distributed generation (DG) is critically important. In this thesis, the optimal DG placement and sizing problem is investigated using single-objective optimization problem, where the system's power losses are considered as the objective to be minimized. These problems are formulated as constrained linear optimization problems using the Linear Programming method (LP). The proposed method is demonstrated on IEEE-15 bus and IEEE-33 bus radial distribution systems extensively used as examples in solving the optimal location and sizing problem of distributed generators. Simulation results with the DG shows improvement in terms of voltage profile enhancement and power losses reduction are obtained satisfactorily.

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Optimal Location, Distributed Generation (DG), Linear Programming Method (LP), Voltage profile enhancement.

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The interest in and use of herbal treatments has grown significantly in recent years, even in locations where access to modern medicine is available. The goal of the current effort is to create and assess an ointment containing extracts from neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum Linn). An ointment including Neem (Azadirachta indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum Linn) extract is being developed and evaluated in the current work. Herbal ointments have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their potential therapeutic properties and minimal side effects compared to synthetic counterparts. This review aims to provide an overview of the formulation and evaluation of herbal ointments containing neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) extracts. These three herbs have long been recognized for their medicinal properties and have been extensively used in traditional medicine.The combination of these extracts in ointment formulations holds promise for various dermatological conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the formulation techniques, phytochemical composition, and evaluation parameters of herbal ointments containing neem, turmeric, and tulsi extracts.

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Neem, Turmeric, Tulsi, Maceration, Levigation, Extrudability, Spreadability.

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This Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological elements from the ground. There are several risks associated with the extraction of these minerals. The majority of accidents in coal mining occur as a result of dangerous gases emitted during mining, such as methane gas. A mine safety system involving a helmet is constructed, with an IOT platform serving as a data transmission channel. The system is used to monitor and regulate numerous factors in coal mines, such as gas leakage and temperature conditions. These sensors are all considered one unit and are mounted on the helmets of coal mine miners. The sensor values are continually transferred to the things speak for analysis. The gas is regularly monitored here, and if there are any doubts in the level of gas, a bell is utilized to inform the personnel. Temperatures are also continually monitored and shown on both the serial monitor and the things speak platform. The created helmet system is primarily used to improve the working environment in mines and to guarantee worker safety.

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Safety, Data Monitoring, Temperature Sensor, Gas Sensor, Light Sensor, GPS, Arduino.

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Within the scope of this review article, we investigate methods for the design of hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles, as well as the need of choosing an appropriate age for electricity in order for electric vehicles to operate well. The steadily rising demand for electricity gives rise to ongoing recommendations and essential initiatives to increase the energy productivity in a wide variety of motions, ranging from manufacturing to commerce, from transportation to computerised communication, from recreation to personal computers and small electronic devices. These recommendations and initiatives are intended to increase the energy productivity in a wide variety of movements. The capacity to store any extra electrical energy over extended periods of time and then retrieve the energy that has been stored in an effective manner is a big step forward in the effort to lower overall energy usage. This is something that is taken into account when discussing electric automobiles, in particular hybrid energy storage systems.

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Hybrid energy, Storage System, Electric vehicle, Digital communication, Portable device, electricity consumption

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Clinical trials play a crucial role in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new therapeutic interventions. Pharmacovigilance, the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems, is of paramount importance during clinical trials. This review article explores the significance of pharmacovigilance in clinical trials, focusing on the measures taken to ensure participant safety. Key aspects include monitoring and reporting adverse events, maintaining data integrity, and assessing the balance between drug benefits and risks.

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Clinical trials ,Safety, efficacy ,Pharmacovigilance ,Adverse effects, Drug-related problems ,Participant safety ,Monitoring Reporting, adverse events Data ,integrity Benefits and risks

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Herbal hair oil has been used for maintaining the good health of hair and enhancing the appearance of an individual from the centuries. The hair oil is used to treat various problems related to hair such as hair thinning, loss of hair, itching in the scalp due to dandruff. The aim of the present study is to formulate the herbal hair oil using various herbal plants or specific part of the plant. Every herb used in the formulation of hair oil possess a specific activity that can help to prevent the various problem related to hair. The ingredient which are used in the formulation are lacunae pinnatifida, neem, amla, shatavari, camphor, sesame oil and coconut oil. Multiple parameters, including pH, specific gravity, viscosity, patch test, saponification value, and acid value, were used to analyze the hair oil formulation.

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HAIR OILD

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The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate poly-herbal shampoo for cosmetic purpose from herbal ingredients. Hibiscus powder, Neem powder, Henna powder, Amla powder, Shikakai powder, Ritha powder, Alo-vera gel was procured from local market in powdered form also gel form Banyan root powder and Soya milk is prepared by homemade method, then prepared decoction of these ingredients and mixing with each other and evaluated for its organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics. Herbal shampoo is used to cleansing of the hair also conditioning, smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff, dirt grease and lice above all, it's safety benefits are expected. The advantage of herbal cosmetics is their non-toxic nature, reduce the allergic reactions and time tested usefulness of many ingredients. Thus in present work, we found good properties for the herbal shampoo and further optimization study benefits of herbal shampoo on human use as cosmetic product.

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Herbal shampoo , Herbal ,Rita ,Aloevera

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This abstract presents a DC motor speed controller and temperature sensor system developed using Arduino, offering a comprehensive solution for motor control and temperature monitoring. The system utilizes the flexibility and capabilities of the Arduino platform, enabling seamless integration and customization. The DC motor speed controller employs pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques to regulate the speed of the motor, allowing for precise control over its rotational speed. The controller offers a wide range of speed adjustments and incorporates bidirectional control, providing versatility for various applications. In addition, the system incorporates a temperature sensor that accurately measures the ambient temperature. The temperature data is collected and processed by the Arduino, enabling real-time monitoring and analysis. Users can set temperature thresholds and receive alerts or trigger actions based on specific temperature conditions. The Arduino-based system features a user-friendly interface, allowing users to easily configure motor speed settings, temperature thresholds, and notification preferences. The system is suitable for applications where motor speed control and temperature monitoring are essential, such as cooling systems, environmental control, and industrial automation. Overall, this Arduino-based DC motor speed controller and temperature sensor system offer a comprehensive and versatile solution, empowering users to effectively control motor speed and monitor temperature with ease and precision.

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Arduino, PWM, L293D

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Key World: Buccal Tablet, Polymers, Muccoadhesive tablets, Buccal Administration.

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An oral ulcer is a sore that forms on the lining of the mouth cavity. The definition states that there is "a breach within the mucosal surface of the buccal cavity." A mucous membrane or skin surface ulcer is an open sore where inflammatory dead tissue has been removed. Many diseases' etiopathogenesis is unknown, despite their high incidence. Redness, swelling, and bleeding are frequently present in addition to the regular pain. The mouth ulcer frequently hurts and is uncomfortable, and as it heals, it could change how someone likes to eat. They may be classified as acute or chronic depending on how they manifest and develop. Acute aphthous stomatitis is associated with trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behcet's disease, bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions, and negative medication reactions.

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oral ulcer, viral infection ,bacterial infection fungal infection , gene factor , tretement,classification

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Background - Preschoolers and women of reproductive age are the most afflicted by anaemia, which is a frequently seen healthcare problem in both India and the rest of the globe. Objective-To better understand the severity, types, and causes of anaemia in the most productive age group in our region, we concentrated on the prevalence of anaemia in young people, excluding pregnant and nursing women. Material and methods- A research was conducted on people between the ages of 15 and 30. Anaemia was classified based on haemoglobin measurement and a general blood picture. Results and conclusion- According to WHO cut-off levels for diagnosis and severity of anaemia, 980 (39.2%) of the 2500 patients who had full blood counts/peripheral smear exams were anaemic. Compared to male patients (moderate category), female patients exhibited a greater prevalence (severe category of public health concern). The prevalence of anaemia in our area is very high, requiring intervention for prevention and control even after excluding out the more vulnerable group (pregnant/lactating women and small children) from our research.

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Anaemia,teens,early 20s,MCV,MCH

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