Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Emergency medical services are critical for saving lives, but instances of ambulance misuse, driven by factors such as commissions, can hinder timely responses. This project introduces a Smart Ambulance Routing System designed to mitigate such issues and optimize emergency response efforts. Leveraging real-time hospital information, GPS technology, and intelligent algorithms, the system guides ambulance drivers to the nearest hospitals, ensuring efficient and patient-centered emergency care. Two-way communication facilitates information exchange, and a user-friendly interface supports manual intervention. Continuous learning algorithms and privacy measures ensure system adaptability and data security. The system aims to revolutionize emergency response through AI-driven optimization and dynamic resource allocation. Ongoing collaboration and monitoring are essential for its effectiveness. The patient's biomedical parameters, such as heart rate, respiration, and body temperature, will be collected by the LSAI48266X Artificial Intelligence board. It will then use an algorithm to process the data and determine which category the patient falls into, i.e., oxygen bed support, ventilator support, or ICU support. The board will do this by utilizing Internet of Things to check the hospital's networked medical system availability. The hospital is informed to the ambulance driver via the Telegram app. The Smart Ambulance Routing System makes use of effective communication protocols, a cloud-based platform for hospital data storage, and NodeMCU for real-time GPS tracking. Hospital distances are dynamically calculated by cloud functions, and the best routes are determined by an onboard algorithm. An alert message is triggered when there is a major delay in the ambulance arrival.

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Emergency Medical Services, Real-time hospital information, cloud based platform, AI driven Optimization

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The bioaccumulation of arsenic in edible plants poses significant environmental and public health concerns, particularly in industrialized regions such as Hatti in Raichur, Karnataka. This study investigates arsenic contamination levels in various edible plants grown in the vicinity of the Hatti industrial area. Samples were collected from multiple locations around the industrial zone, and arsenic concentrations in plant tissues were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results revealed elevated arsenic levels in plant samples, with variation observed among different plant species. Factors influencing arsenic uptake, including soil properties, plant species, and environmental conditions, were examined to elucidate bioaccumulation mechanisms. Specifically focusing on pigeon pea plants, suspicion of arsenic presence prompted extraction using an alkaline leaching method with temperature assistance, following a modified wet digestion approach. Initial chemical tests confirmed arsenic presence, with subsequent instrumental analysis via ICP-OES yielding the following observations (mg/kg): N1t (0.098), N2t (0.094), N3t (0.097), N4t (0.098), F1t (0.096), F2t (0.048), F3t (0.089), and F4t (0.092). Although arsenic concentrations in pigeon pea plants were below toxicity limits, ingestion of larger quantities could pose health risks. Acute oral ingestion of arsenic can result in gastrointestinal irritation, decreased blood cell production, abnormal heart rhythm, blood vessel damage, and impaired nerve function. Chronic exposure may lead to skin changes, skin cancer, and various internal cancers, along with potential impacts on diabetes, blood pressure, reproductive health, and cognitive function. This study contributes to understanding arsenic bioaccumulation in edible plants.

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Bioaccumulation , Alkaline Leaching method , Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Arsenic Uptake, Pigeon Pea plants, Gastrointestinal Irritation, Chronic Exposure.

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Behaviour modification is a systematic approach to understanding and changing Behaviour through the application of principles derived from psychology, particularly Behaviourism. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, principles, techniques, and applications of Behaviour modification in various settings. Drawing on principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, social learning theory, and cognitive-Behavioural theory, Behaviour modification interventions aim to increase desired Behaviours and decrease undesired ones by manipulating environmental factors and consequences. The paper discusses the importance of functional Behavioural assessment (FBA) in identifying the underlying function of Behaviour and tailoring interventions accordingly. It also examines the role of reinforcement, punishment, shaping, prompting, modelling, and cognitive restructuring in Behaviour modification. Applications of Behaviour modification in clinical psychology, education, parenting, organizational management, and self-improvement programmes are explored, highlighting its effectiveness in addressing a wide range of Behavioural challenges and promoting positive Behaviour change. Finally, the paper discusses ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions in the field of behaviour modification.Behaviour modification is a systematic approach to understanding and changing Behaviour through the application of principles derived from psychology, particularly Behaviourism. It involves identifying target Behaviours, assessing their antecedents and consequences, and implementing interventions to increase desired Behaviours and decrease undesired ones. Key principles include operant conditioning, classical conditioning, social learning theory, and cognitive-behavioural theory. Techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, shaping, prompting, modelling, and cognitive restructuring are commonly used to modify behaviour. Behaviour modification is applied in various settings, including clinical psychology, education, parenting, organizational management, and self-improvement programmes, to address a wide range of behavioural challenges and promote positive behaviour change. Ethical considerations, limitations, and future directions in the field are also important aspects to consider when implementing behaviour modification interventions.

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Behaviour therapy, Applied Behaviour analysis, Operant conditioning, Target Behaviours, Antecedents, Consequences, Reinforcement, Punishment, Shaping, Modelling, Cognitive restructuring, Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Extinction, Behavioural interventions

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The Local Train commuters in Mumbai face a tremendous amount of crowd while travelling in rush hours of the day, which usually leads to many commuters standing for the entire duration of travel in a cramped space or sitting in awkward postures, for a long time that over a course of period inevitably leads to musculoskeletal pain in some form or another. Objective: To find the joints and areas involved most commonly in local train commuters using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and to have a gender biased discrimination on the joints involved. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on 384 local train commuters in Mumbai. Dadar and Thane railway stations were targeted for recruitment of participants. Convenience sampling was used for the same. Both male and female participants above the age of 18, who had been travelling for more than a year and had a single travel route of an hour or more were included in the study. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: A total of 384 responses were collected from local train commuters, amongst which 60% were female and 40% were male participants. 86% commuters experienced pain while 14% did not. Neck was the most affected area (37%) while elbow was the least affected (2%). The gender biased study pointed towards females having more cases of pain in each involved joint. Conclusion: The present study indicates that 86% Mumbai local train commuters have experienced a degree of musculoskeletal pain from travelling.

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Musculoskeletal pain, Mumbai local train commuters

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Machine learning methods have transformed healthcare by enabling precise and prompt disease prediction. Predicting multiple diseases simultaneously can greatly enhance early detection and treatment,improving patient outcomes and lowering healthcare expenses. This system examines the use of machine learning algorithms in predicting multiple diseases, addressing their advantages, obstacles, and future prospects.It provides an overview of various machine learning models and data sources commonly employed for diseaseprediction, emphasizing the significance of feature selection, model assessment, and the fusion of multiple datatypes for improved disease prediction. Research findings underscore the promise of machine learning in multi-disease prediction and its potential to advance public health.

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Machine learning,Emphasizing

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Institutions annually witness a significant number of graduating students requiring clearance from various departments, a process traditionally executed through physical visits to different offices. However, this conventional method is marred by inefficiencies including time consumption, staff unavailability, and data management issues. To address these shortcomings, an online clearance system was developed, utilizing modern web technologies. The system, developed with Angular for the frontend and Node.js for the backend, along with MongoDb for database design, revolutionizes the clearance process. Incorporating Angular for the frontend enhances user experience with its dynamic and responsive interface, while Node.js ensures efficient data processing and server-side operations. Evaluation involving 500 students and 60 staff members yielded promising results, with approximately 90.1%, 92.8%, and 95.3% affirming its usability, service delivery convenience, and accessibility, respectively. This research underscores the system's efficacy in facilitating efficient and effective clearance procedures, enhancing the institution's administrative workflow.

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virtual clearance gateway, Angular, Node.js, Accessibility

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E-resources are valuable resources for 21st century learners. In the digital age, ICT is regarded as the backbone of entire teaching learning process. The main objective of the study is to study the awareness and usability of E-resources for undergraduate students. The study was conducted by following survey method, in which a sample of 60 students were selected through convenience sampling. Self -developed tool was used for data collection. The findings of the study highlight that students of non-govt. aided institutions are moderately aware about E-Books, E-Journals and their usability. So, E-resources has significant implications for enhancing the potentialities of the learners.

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ICT, E-resources, awareness, availability, usability and undergraduate students.

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This abstract presents a novel method that makes use of drones and image processing tools to identify medicinal plants in distant forest areas. With the help of the Jupyter IDE and Python programming language, the study uses the Vgg19 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to accurately identify plants. Drones can be used to explore inaccessible areas, which improves conservation and biodiversity monitoring initiatives. Real-time analysis is made possible by the integration of image processing techniques, which helps researchers and conservationists make decisions quickly. In the end, our approach promises to transform the identification and monitoring of medicinal plants, supporting biodiversity preservation and sustainable resource management.

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Image processing , Vgg19 , Areal drone detection

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Abstract- The emergence of electric cars (EVs) in India has positive implications for the future of the transportation business. India is one of the globe's marketplaces for automobiles that are expanding at a rapid pace, and the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) there could have a major impact on the economics, environment, and energy security of the entire country. India dominates the world in EV usage for many causes. By 2030, the Indian government wants to electrify 30% of all vehicles on the road. The government has made several pronouncements to that effect, including tax rebates, financial aid, and expenditures in infrastructure for charging. In addition, EVs offer a number of benefits over conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, including reduced operating costs, fewer pollutants, and increased energy efficiency. These benefits are particularly important in India, where fuel costs fluctuate and air pollution is a serious public health issue. The introduction of EVs in India still encounters a number of issues. They involve a dearth of infrastructure for charging, a small variety of EV models, and expensive initial expenses for EVs. The Indian government continues to attempt to boost the nation's charging infrastructure, encourage indigenous EV production, and offer incentives for EV usage to resolve these problems. In conclusion, India's increasing adoption of electric vehicles has the potential to completely transform the country's transportation sector and clear the way for a more flourishing and environmentally friendly future. Even though there are still issues to be resolved, the Indian government's commitment to electric transportation and consumers' growing interest in EVs indicate that the technology has a promising future. The introduction of EVs in India still encounters a number of issues. They involve a dearth of infrastructure for charging, a small variety of EV models, and expensive initial expenses for EVs. The Indian government continues to attempt to boost the nation's charging infrastructure, encourage indigenous EV production, and offer incentives for EV usage to solve issues.

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EV

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Phytochemical Analysis, DPPH, ABTS, Free Radical Scavenging, Anti Pyretic Activity

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 Abstract

???? ??? ???-???? ??? ????????? ????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???) ???? ??? ???-???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???-???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ???? -??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??, ???????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????- ????????? ?? ???? '????? ???? ???? ?' ?? ?? ??? ???? - "???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????????????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???"1 ???????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ???-???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???-???? ??? ???????? ??? ? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ????, ?????? ??? ?? '? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ?'?7. ??? ? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????-???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? - ????????? , ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????-?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??; ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???- ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????8. ????? ????? ?? ?????????????? ??????-??????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? '????? ?????' '?? ??????' ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??'?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????" ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ? '?????? ?? ?? ?? ???' 16. ????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ? ??-?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? - ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? 17. ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????" '????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? 18. ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?" ?? 19. ????? ??'?? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??' ????? ??? ???? ?????? (????) ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ? (???) ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? '??????????? ?? ?? ??? 20. ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? "???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? 1. ??.?. ????????????? ?? ? ???????, ????????, ?.? 27? 2. ?????? , ?.? 27-281 3.?.????? ??? ?? ??? ??? , ????? ???????? ??431. 4.?????? , ?.? 271 | 5.?.???.?.? ??? ., ??????? ?????, ?.? 217? 6.Water W. Skeat. Etymological Dictionary of the English Language oxford and Edition, 1883. 7.???????, ?????? ????,??? 180/131 8.?.? . ?????? ?????- 4. ?.? 2? 9.. ?????? , ?.?459. ?.? 195 10..?.? . ?????- 41/2/?.? 14.?

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?????? ?????, ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????,,, ??????? ???? ??? ,????????

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 Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the role and challenges faced by the police within the criminal justice system of India. It traces the historical evolution of law enforcement in India from its colonial origins, emphasizing the transition to a modernized system post-independence. The multifaceted responsibilities of the police, including crime prevention, investigation, maintenance of law and order, and protection of human rights, are meticulously analyzed within the context of the Indian legal framework. The study scrutinizes key legislative acts such as the Indian Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, elucidating their impact on policing practices. Furthermore, the paper identifies and explores the myriad challenges confronting the Indian police force, ranging from staffing shortages and outdated laws to corruption and lack of modern resources. It proposes a series of comprehensive reforms aimed at addressing these challenges, encompassing enhancements in manpower, infrastructure, training, and accountability measures. By advocating for these reforms, the paper underscores the imperative of establishing a professional, accountable, and effective police force to uphold the rule of law and maintain public trust in India's criminal justice system, thereby contributing to a safer and more just society for all its citizens.

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Indian police, criminal justice system, law enforcement, crime prevention, investigation, law and order, human rights, legal framework, challenges, reforms, accountability, professionalism, infrastructure, staffing shortages, corruption.

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To enhance the accuracy of Aedes larvae identification stands as a crucial initial measure in combating mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue and the Zika virus. This project proposes an innovative approach by harnessing the power of deep learning, specifically employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to automate the segmentation of Aedes larvae from images captured in diverse watery settings. Uploading pictures of prospective breeding locations is requested of users. After analyzing these photos, the deep learning network generates conclusions on whether Aedes larvae are present. Our proposed system comprises two integral components: Classification and Image acquisition & Segmentation. Classification: In our approach to mosquito larvae classification, we use deep learning architectures like VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet152, and InceptionV3. The utilization of VGG16 and VGG19 enables us to harness deep convolutional networks with multiple layers, while ResNet50 and ResNet152 leverage residual learning to enhance model training and facilitate more effective feature extraction. Additionally, InceptionV3's inception modules contribute to the overall efficiency by capturing intricate spatial hierarchies in the larval images. Image acquisition & Segmentation: In our segmentation framework for mosquito larvae analysis, we adopt the Unet++ module, a superior alternative to the Unet segmentation approach. The decision to employ Unet++ stems from its demonstrated efficiency and notable advantages over the standard Unet model. The capabilities of Unet++ not only elevate segmentation accuracy but also contribute to improved boundary delineation and finer-grained analysis. By embracing Unet++, our segmentation module stands poised to deliver superior results, underlining our commitment to leveraging cutting-edge methodologies for robust mosquito larvae analysis in vector control efforts.

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Aedes Larvae, Identification, Segmentation, Unet++

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The project at hand represents a groundbreaking endeavor, delving deep into the realms of innovation, sustainability, and agricultural advancement. At its core lies the conception, planning, and realization of a revolutionary portable pellet mill, ingeniously fueled by solar power. This visionary initiative not only aims to redefine biomass processing but also seeks to address the pressing global need for renewable energy solutions while catering to the specific challenges faced in the Indian context. In a world increasingly cognizant of the finite nature of fossil fuels and the urgent imperative to mitigate climate change, the quest for sustainable alternatives has never been more crucial. Against this backdrop, the fusion of solar energy with pellet mill technology presents a beacon of hope, offering a tangible pathway towards a greener, more ecologically balanced future. Central to the project's mission is the transformation of biomass processing, a cornerstone of agricultural productivity, and resource utilization. By harnessing the abundant energy of the sun, the portable pellet mill not only promises to streamline pellet production but also significantly reduce its environmental footprint. This synergy of renewable energy and innovative machinery heralds a paradigm shift in the way we approach not only biomass processing but also agricultural sustainability as a whole. The significance of this endeavor is particularly pronounced in the context of India's agricultural landscape, where challenges such as the gap between demand and supply of compound feeds for livestock loom large. With approximately 57% of this gap remaining unmet, the vulnerability of dairy farmers to disruptions in trade becomes glaringly apparent. The project thus assumes a pivotal role in addressing this critical issue, offering a locally adaptable solution that empowers farmers to take control of their feed production, mitigating the risk of price fluctuations and ensuring the affordability of essential cattle pellets. Moreover, the accessibility of the technology is a key factor in its potential impact. Traditional feed pelleting machines, while effective, often come with prohibitive costs that place them beyond the reach of individual farmers. Recognizing this barrier, the project endeavors to democratize access to pellet production technology, making it feasible for even small-scale farmers to adopt and benefit from its advantages. In doing so, it not only promotes economic empowerment at the grassroots level but also fosters a culture of self-sufficiency and resilience within agricultural communities. Beyond its immediate practical implications, the project holds the promise of broader socio-economic and environmental benefits. By reducing dependence on fossil fuels and minimizing carbon emissions, the integration of solar power into pellet production aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and mitigate environmental degradation. Furthermore, the utilization of locally available biomass resources for feed production enhances resource efficiency and promotes circular economy principles, thereby fostering sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to food security objectives. In summary, the endeavor to develop a portable pellet mill powered by solar energy represents a pioneering step towards a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive agricultural future. By marrying cutting-edge technology with a commitment to environmental stewardship and social equity, the project not only addresses pressing challenges but also unlocks new opportunities for innovation, empowerment, and progress. As we embark on this transformative journey, the vision of a world where sustainable energy powers sustainable agriculture stands within reach, awaiting only the dedication and ingenuity of those willing to seize it.

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Compounded cattle feed, Development, Pelleting capacity, Portable Pelletizer, Solar powered pelletizer, shredder, Mixer.

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Thirteen native plant remedies for child diseases and twenty-one for woman diseases, prevalent among different ethnic groups of Assam, are reported along with local names of the plants, method of administration and prescribed dose.

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Andrographis paniculata Ananas comosus Argemone mexicana , Blumea balsamifera, Clitoria ternatea , Curcuma zedoaria

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The research paper introduces an innovative AI-driven web application designed for precise nutritional analysis of fruits and vegetables. The application addresses key challenges in food management, including food identification, freshness evaluation, and nutritional monitoring. By leveraging advanced image recognition technology, users can quickly identify various foods and dishes by taking a photo. This capability provides users with detailed information about ingredients and potential recipes, streamlining meal preparation and promoting informed food choices. The application features a tailored data model for assessing food freshness. By evaluating appearance, smell, and texture, the app can determine the quality of foods, helping users minimize food waste and ensure safer consumption. This is particularly useful for individuals aiming to adopt more sustainable practices in their everyday lives. A standout feature of the application is its nutritional tracker, which provides users with comprehensive nutritional information on different foods. This includes data on calories, macronutrients such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals. Such detailed information empowers users to monitor their dietary intake more effectively, supporting their health and wellness goals. Incorporating these functionalities into a single web application represents a major advancement in food management and nutrition. Users are equipped with a robust tool to enhance their food-related experiences, making healthier and more sustainable choices. Moreover, the application contributes to global ef orts to reduce food waste and promote healthier eating habits, aligning with the broader objectives of improving public health and environmental sustainability.Overall, this AI-driven web application showcases the potential of integrating modern technology into the realm of nutrition and food management, offering significant benefits to users and society as a whole.

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Innovative AI, Image recognition

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Platinum-based metallodrugs, e.g. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, have been successfully used as effective anticancer drugs in the clinical treatment of cancer. These derivatives are being used for more than 50% of treatment regimens worldwide for cancer patients.[1-3] However, their remarkable success is marred by clinical limitations, including acquired or intrinsic resistance problems, limited spectrum of activity, less target specificity and high toxicity leading to side effects. These limitations have stimulated us to design and synthesize new metal-based drugs with more effectiveness, less toxicity, target specificity and preferably non-covalent DNA binding

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Palladium Complexes, Crystal structure, DNA-interaction, Cytotoxicity

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Pathogenesis, Microorganisms, WHO, Antimicrobial, Antitoxin, Immunomodulatory

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The Second National Commission of Labor which submitted its report in June 2002, had recommended that existing set of labour laws should be broadly amalgamated the following groups, namely:- (a) Industrial Relations; (b) Wages; (c) Social Security; (d) Safety ; and (e) Welfare and working conditions. In pursuance if the recommendations of the said Commission and the deliberations made in the tripartite meeting comprising of the Government, employers and industry representatives , it has been decided to bring the proposed legislation. The proposed legislation intends to amalgamate, simplify and rationalize the relevant provisions of the following four central labour enactments relating to wages namely:- (a) The Payment of Wages Act, 1936; (b) The Minimum Wages Act.1948 (c) The Payment of Wages Act, 1965;and (d) The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 The amalgamation of the said laws will facilitate the implementation and also remove multiplicity of definitions and authorities without compromising on the basic concepts of welfare and benefits to workers. The Proposed legislation would bring transparency and accountability which would lead to more effective enforcement. Widening the scope of minimum wages to all workers would be a big step of equity. The facilitation for ease of compliance of labour laws will promote setting up of more enterprises thus catalyzing the creation of employment opportunities.

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Wages, Labour, legislation, laws, working condition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Customer retention in the hotel industry indeed presents several challenges. The competitive landscape is intense, with numerous businesses vying for the same clientele. This constant competition necessitates ongoing innovation and the provision of unique experiences to keep customers coming back. Moreover, customer expectations and preferences are continually evolving. Modern guests demand personalized attention, swift service, and seamless online booking processes. This dynamic requires hospitality businesses to swiftly adapt to remain relevant and competitive. The hotel sector encounters difficulties in retaining skilled employees, demanding a concentrated effort in crafting successful retention strategies. Neglecting this aspect can harm organizational performance and hinder sustained development. Hence, the objective of this study is to comprehensively analyse and assess the employee retention tactics utilized within the hospitality industry The study's results highlight that retaining skilled employees for extended periods hinges on their satisfaction, influenced by four crucial factors: a consistently positive work environment, opportunities for career growth, transparent and sustainable communication, and efficient hiring procedures. To enhance retention, the study proposes a revamped hiring framework tailored to the hospitality sector. Additionally, it provides actionable insights for bolstering retention strategies. Dissatisfied employees tend to seek greener pastures, whereas content employees are inclined to stay put. The study also delves into the managerial ramifications of these findings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Customer satisfaction, loyalty, talented employees, retention strategies,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition