Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Using a transducer, biosensors connect a biological sensing element to a detector system. Electrochemical sensors for various analytes were the first to be effectively marketed and proposed scientifically. These days, there is a growing emphasis on the need to monitor and control a wide range of factors in fields like the food business, clinical diagnosis, hygiene, environmental protection, medication research, and forensics. As a result, having trustworthy analytical tools on hand that can conduct fast and precise analyses is essential. A biosensor is an apparatus that uses signals proportionate to the concentration of an analyte in a reaction to quantify biological or chemical responses. Applications for biosensors include disease monitoring, drug discovery, and the identification of contaminants and microorganisms that cause disease.It is made up of the following parts. Using a properly designed biosensor is one way to get around many of the drawbacks of the traditional methods. The primary rationale for biosensors' continuedTheir frequently unfeasibility in the stated domains is seldom utilized in realitysamples, but a biosensor designed for standards doesn't alwaysappropriate for actual samples.Biosensors are a newly described class of sensor that combine physical and chemical sensing techniques. Few IUPAC sensors are recognized for this kind of data. Plus, the majority of The medium's biophysical or biochemical properties. Additionally, the most.The biological/organic recognition element present in this type of sensor, which makes it possible to identify specific biological molecules in the medium, is an intriguing feature that distinguishes it from others. The creation of A new era of scientific advancement was ushered in by biosensors.

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Biosensor

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The most prevalent eye condition affecting individuals with diabetes is known as diabetic retinopathy, a consequence of elevated glucose levels that damage the delicate blood vessels in the retina. About 80% of people with diabetes who have lived with the condition for a decade or more encounter progressive vision impairment. Establishing regular eye examinations as a primary concern for individuals managing diabetes is crucial, along with maintaining control over their blood sugar levels to prevent irreversible damage to the eyes. This study proposes the utilization of a Convolutional Neural Network-based Machine Learning approach to categorize eye images ranging from No DR to Proliferative DR, the advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy. The input for this system consists of color fundus photos.

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Diabetic Retinopathy, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network , Raspberry Pi.

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The Car Rental Management System is a robust solution that is designed to streamline and enhance the operations of car rental businesses. This user-friendly system automates key aspects of the rental process, allowing for efficient vehicle and customer management. It facilitates seamless bookings by allowing customers to check vehicle availability and make reservations online. The system generates professional rental agreements and invoices, consideration factors such as rental duration, vehicle type, and additional services. Secure online payment processing ensures convenient transactions. Real-time vehicle tracking and maintenance scheduling contribute to optimal fleet management. Comprehensive reporting and analytics tools offer insights into business performance, revenue, and customer trends! The system priorities data security with user authentication protocols and roll-based access control. This car rental management system is an essential tool for any car rental business looking to improve their operations and customer service.

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Reservation, Analytics, Authentication

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Abstract Everybody wants to get a fair and charming skin. Now a day, acne, black heads, pimples are common among persons who suffer from it. According to ayurveda, skin problems are normally due to impurity in blood. Herbal face packs are used to simulate blood circulation, rejuvenate the muscles and help to maintain the elasticity of the skin and remove dirt from skin pores. The aim of this work is to formulate and evaluate an herbal face pack for glowing skin by using natural herbal ingredients. The natural herbal ingredients such as multani mitti, termeric, sandalwood, neem, orange peel, aloevera ,kaolin, liquorice, methyl paraben, gum tragacanth and rose water. In the present work, we formulated a herbal face pack which can be easily made with the easily available ingredients. After evaluation, we found good properties for the face packs, free from skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after stability storage conditions. Results of the study scientifically verified that herbal face pack having enough potential to give efficient glowing effect on skin. The overall study is useful to substantiate product claims due its useful benefits on the human beings.

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charming skin, acne , black heads, multani mitti, termeric, sandalwood, neem, orange peel , alovera , kaolin, liquorice, methyl paraben, gum tragacanth ,rose water., milk powder , Brighten skin .

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This abstract explores the influence of various parenting styles on a child's emotional and cognitive development. Parenting styles encompass a spectrum of approaches, including authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. Each style varies in its levels of responsiveness and demandingness towards the child. Authoritarian parenting, characterized by strict rules and low responsiveness, often leads to emotional difficulties such as low self-esteem and anxiety, while hindering cognitive development by limiting exploration and independent thinking. Conversely, authoritative parenting, which balances clear expectations with warmth and support, fosters emotional well-being and promotes cognitive growth through encouragement of curiosity and problem-solving. Permissive parenting, marked by high responsiveness but low demandingness, may initially seem supportive but can result in issues like impulse control and academic challenges due to lack of structure. Uninvolved parenting, with low levels of both responsiveness and demandingness, can lead to emotional neglect and hinder cognitive development, resulting in academic and behavioral issues. Understanding these dynamics underscores the importance of promoting authoritative parenting practices to nurture positive parent-child relationships and foster optimal emotional and cognitive development in children.

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Parenting styles, Child development, Emotional development, Cognitive development, Authoritarian parenting, Authoritative parenting, Permissive parenting, Uninvolved parenting, Parent-child relationship.

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An agricultural nation like India depends heavily on agriculture for its growth. Approximately 70% of people in India are farmers. Agriculture has always been done by hand. It is imperative that agriculture follow the global trend toward new technology and innovations. because people are moving from rural to urban areas Agriculture has challenges. Modern technology updates daily, and agriculture must keep up with these changes as well. Smart agriculture can benefit greatly from the use of IoT. Hence the paper aims at making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. IOT based Agriculture monitoring system makes use of wireless sensor networks that collects data from different sensors deployed at various nodes and sends it through the wireless protocols. It includes the humidity sensor, temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor and water level sensor. The features of this project include an android application which shows the live information about the temperature, humidity, soil moisture, water level. Secondly it includes smart irrigation with smart control and intelligent decision making based on accurate real time field data. Thirdly an automatic weather control system which controls the humidity and temperature of the field (e.g. green house).

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Internet-of-Things (IoT), Smart Agriculture, Smart Irrigation, Weather Control, Automation

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This paper presents the development of a web application that enables users to calculate the area of user-drawn polygons on a real-time interactive map. The application utilizes Leaflet, a popular JavaScript library for creating interactive maps, and Turf.js, a geospatial data analysis library. The paper discusses the functionalities of the application, the underlying libraries, the implementation details, and the considerations for real-time performance.

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Real-time area measurement, User-drawn polygons, Interactive maps, Leaflet, Turf.js, Web application development, Geospatial analysis

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In energy management systems, phase change materials (PCM) thermal energy storage (TES) is crucial. Due to its distinct thermal and physical characteristics, paraffin offers a wide range of uses as a PCM. This study is the first to synthesise nano titanium oxide in a tubular shape and in powder form. This paper investigates the properties of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material (PCM) on solar still process and performance. Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be utilized for different applications in day-to-day life. An effective method of storing thermal energy from solar is through the use of phase change materials PCMs with titanate. The future demand will be high and fresh water resources are getting depleted at a faster rate. Solar still is a very simple device for converting the available brackish water into potable water. The main drawback of passive type solar still is its lower efficiency and distillate output. The usage of NPCM enhances the still productivity especially after the sunset. The anatase sample obtained less intensive peak than rutile peak at approximate wavelength of 300 nm shown in UV spectrum. The bands around 734 cm-1 correspond to intrinsic stretching vibration of metal ion at the tetrahedral site. The formations of spindle like structure are shown in TEM image, sample gives the average diameter is 33 nm of TiO2 nanoparticles. The strong excitation peak centered at 298.96 nm indicates a violet emission band is occurred. Solar still with titanium oxide nanoparticles enhanced the yielded up to 4910 ml/m2/day. These results will benefit to the researcher can further investigate on solar power generation, water heating system, solar cookers, and solar still using NPCMs for commercial development.

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Phase change materials, Thermal energy storage, Paraffin, Nano-tubular zinc oxide

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The past eight years' experiences include fewer free allowances, better management of market-sensitive information, and a recognition that trading systems require adjustments that have implications for market participants and market confidence. Furthermore, the emerging international architecture includes separate emissions trading systems that serve different jurisdictions. Along with the carbon markets, these programs are supplemented by a variety of other types of policies. This is in stark contrast to the integrated global trading architecture envisioned by the Kyoto Protocol's designers 15 years ago, and it raises a slew of new questions. In this new architecture, jurisdictions with emissions trading must decide how, whether, and when to connect, with policymakers overseeing the process When linking with one another, policymakers in charge of carbon markets must consider how to measure the comparability of market efforts in comparison to a variety of other policy approaches. After five years of rapid growth, the total value of the global carbon market has plateaued at $142 billion. Due to a lack of regulatory clarity post-2012, the value of the primary Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market fell by double digits for the third year in a row, finishing lower than it was in 2005, the first year of the Kyoto Protocol. The markets for Assigned Amount Units (AAU) and the United States Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) also shrank. As these segments declined, the European Union Allowances (EUAs) market became more pronounced than ever, with the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) accounting for 97 percent of the carbon market, dwarfing the remaining segments... Carbon market growth came to a halt at an especially inconvenient time: 2010 was the hottest year on record, while emissions levels continued their seemingly inexorable rise. In the end, the year may be remembered most for the political opportunities that arose but did not materialize in the United States, Japan, Australia, and the Republic of Korea. While the international regulatory environment remains uncertain, national and local initiatives have picked up noticeably and may offer the potential to bridge the international regulatory gap collectively. These initiatives indicate that one way or another, solutions to the climate challenge will emerge.

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1. Indroduction of Carbon Market And Trading 2.Review of Literature 3. Management of Carbon Market and Trading In Kyoto Protocol 4.Research Methodology 5.Summary

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The Image Caption Generator's job is to give subtitles for the supplied photos. A natural language is created by extracting and transforming the semantic content of the image. Capturing entails a difficult procedure that combines picture processing and computer vision. People, animals, and things must all be recognized by the system, and relationships must be made between them.This paper aims to detect, recognize, and generate worthwhile captions for a given image using deep learning. A Regional Object Detector (RODe) is used for the detection, recognition, and generation of captions. The practice of creating textual descriptions of an image by utilizing computer vision and natural language processing methods is known as image captioning. For the newer models to perform better, we used deep learning methods for this purpose. But these models can't tell you which things in a picture are more essential than others, or they can't tell you why certain phrases were used in the captions.

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Deep learning, feature extraction, thresholding, image segment, image captioning

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Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices aimed at improving the genetic quality of a human population. It gained significant attention and support in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but has since been discredited due to its unethical applications and association with human rights abuses. The legacy of eugenics serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of pseudoscience and it has been become the most controversial concept in history and literature. For some it has been the part of enlightenment while for others, it is nothing but indoctrination. It has been referred a science as well as a myth, a fact as well as a conspiracy theory. When we read the literature on Eugenics, we came to know that Knowledge which has always been treated as a virtue in Socratic sense or "a torch bearer of light" in various narratives, the same knowledge can also be used as a tool of human enslavement through propaganda, manipulation , surveillance and control , exploitation and scientific racism. In Eugenics, the knowledge of genetics and biology has been misused to justify racist policies, claiming certain groups are superior or inferior based on false scientific narratives. This has led to discrimination, forced sterilization and even genocide. Although the concept originates in scientific world, but later on it has wider social implications. So it is the combinations of both biology (DNA) as well as ideology (ISA- Ideological state apparatus a term used by Althuser).

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Genomics, Genetic Engineering, selective breeding, social Darwinism, Race hygiene, Bio -politics, Genetic determinism

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The advent of social media and online platforms has brought about an unprecedented surge in user-generated content. However, with the freedom of expression also comes the challenge of combating toxic behavior, such as hate speech, harassment, and offensive comments, which can significantly impact online discourse and community well-being. In response to this challenge, this study proposes a machine-learning approach for classifying toxic comments. The primary objective of this research is to develop an effective and efficient model for automatically identifying toxic comments within large volumes of user-generated content. Leveraging a diverse dataset of comments labeled with toxicity levels, various machine learning algorithms, including but not limited to logistic regression, support vector machines, and neural networks, are explored and compared for their performance in toxic comment classification.

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Toxic Comment Classification, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Text Classification, Hate Speech Detection.

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Herbal shampoos are the cosmetic preparations that with the use of traditional ayurvedic herbs are meant for cleansing the hair and scalp just like the regular synthetic shampoo. The herbal shampoo was formulated by adding the extracts of Aloe vera, Phyllanthus emblica, Acacia concinna, Withania somnifera, Aegle marmelos. They are used for removal of oils, dandruff, dirt, environmental pollutions etc. Herbal shampoo is a type of cosmetic preparation that uses herbs from plants as an alternative to the synthetic shampoo available in the market. The herbal shampoo is important, as people nowadays prefer herbal products than chemical ones for they proved to enhance health. Evaluation of the organoleptic properties, physicochemical and performance test were carried out. The results indicated that this can be used as a potential alternative for cleaning and managing hair in a naturaland effective way instead of synthetic source. The awareness and need for cosmetics with herbs are increasing day by day, primarily because it is believed that these products are safe and free from side effects. In this research, we use Eclipta prostrateas an active ingredient for hair growth activity.

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Herbal Shampoo, Natural & Healthy, Dandruff, Aloe vera, Phyllanthus emblica, Acacia concinna, Sapindus mukorossi, Aegle marmelos, Withania somnifera, Evaluation of shampoo.

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 Abstract

mugal yugin rajputana ki nill mandi bayana

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mugal yugin rajputana ki nill mandi bayana

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Yoga has become more popular during the COVID-19 pandemic as a way to boost immunity and improve overall well-being. This has led many people to practice at home, following the guidance of experienced instructors. However, practicing at home raises concerns about the potential risks of doing poses incorrectly, which may not be beneficial and could even cause harm. To tackle this issue, a suggested technological solution uses camera technology and machine learning to recognize yoga poses and offer immediate feedback for corrections. Augmented reality (AR) enhances this system by overlaying ideal poses on the user's environment, ensuring accurate alignment and engagement. This innovation aims to modernize traditional yoga practice, offering a safe, effective, and engaging home exercise option, promoting holistic health in challenging times.

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Yoga, immunity boosting, Machine Learning, Augmented Reality (AR), pose recognition, real-time feedback, virtual yoga class

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Abstract: The Kalyana Laxmi Scheme, an initiative spearheaded by the Government of Telangana, seeks to alleviate financial burdens associated with marriages, particularly targeting marginalized communities. This review paper critically assesses the implementation and impact of the scheme on tribal populations in Telangana. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, governmental reports, and empirical studies, this paper offers insights into the socio-economic intricacies of marriage expenses, evaluates the effectiveness of the scheme, and examines its implications for tribal welfare. The scheme's primary objective is to address the financial challenges faced by families, especially those belonging to marginalized sections, during the marriage of their daughters. By providing one-time financial assistance, the scheme aims to ease the burden of marriage-related expenses and promote social equity within the marital sphere. This paper explores how the scheme operates within the unique socio-cultural context of tribal communities in Telangana, shedding light on its implementation challenges and success stories. The findings of this review highlight the significant impact of the KalyanaLaxmi Scheme in mitigating socio-economic disparities and empowering tribal families. Through financial assistance, the scheme enables families to conduct marriages without succumbing to overwhelming debt, thereby fostering economic stability and social inclusion. Moreover, by promoting gender equity in marriage expenses, the scheme contributes to breaking entrenched socio-cultural norms and advancing women's rights within tribal societies. Overall, this review underscores the importance of the KalyanaLaxmi Scheme in addressing socio-cultural inequalities and promoting gender equity in marriage within tribal communities in Telangana. However, it also emphasizes the need for continued efforts to improve the scheme's implementation process and ensure equitable access to its benefits for all eligible beneficiaries.

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Key words: Welfare schemes, Empowerment, Marginalized communities, Gender equity Socio-economic impact

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A simple and highly versatile an efficient three-component cyclocondensation of substituted aryl aldehyde, malononitrile and guanidine hydrochloride as an ammonia source promoted by Transition metal halide catalyst such as ZrOCl2 in ethanol at 750C scaffold corresponding 1, 4, 5, 6-Tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile. Hence, the practicality approach was investigated for the one pot synthesis desired compounds generate good to excellent yields. The derivatives of titled product was evaluated by advanced spectroscopic data viz; IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LCMS and also determined by elemental analysis. The condensed reaction preceded a milder conditions, simple work-up, non-chromatographic purification of the desired products, without experiencing a discernible decrease in efficiency, the catalysts can be extracted and repurposed for further processes. This method is additive-free and incorporates nanotechnology for the synthesis of desired product and also has well to excellent exceptional yields, a wide range of substrate compatibility, and an instantaneous reaction time

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Aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, ZrOCl2, 2, 4-diamino-6-phenyl-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrhydropyrimidine

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In this paper, "Crop Prediction and Translation using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence," aims to develop a user-friendly web application for farmers and stakeholdersas agriculture plays a vital role in human lives. This application can help them to interact easily to get the resulting crop, suggestions, and measures for farmers in their preferred language. The application integrates machine learning and artificial intelligence to predict suitable crops based on input climate and soil data. Users can input data through text, audio, or parameter selection and choose their preferred language for suggestions. Advanced machine learning algorithms like logistic regression and XGBoost are used to predict suitable crops. The application also utilizes Gemini Pro's content generation capabilities to provide personalized suggestions and measures to farmers, enhancing agricultural practices. The use of the ensemble algorithm XGBoost increases the model's accuracy. The project not only provides crop prediction but also offers knowledge and decision support, contributing to advancingagricultural practices and productivity.

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Machine Learning, Generative AI,XGBoost, Artificial Intelligence, Logistic Regression

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The primary goal of this project is to use various machine learning approaches to predict the potential presence of diabetes at an early stage, with a focus on females. Making the appropriate lifestyle adjustments at the right time will help prevent diabetes and all the problems connected with it. Early detection of diabetes can considerably minimize the disease's progression and lower the chance of catastrophic consequences including heart and kidney ailments. Therefore, a device that can help physicians identify this fatal illness earlier and halt its course is desperately needed. Finally, using the support vector machine classifier model as a base, this model generated an accuracy of 78%.

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Machine learning; diabetes; mellitus; Pima Indians dataset

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Flow is a state in which people are so engrossed in an activity that they lose track of time or the importance of anything else; they will continue to do it, even at great expenditure, just to enjoy it. Mindfulness is the practice of being fully present and aware of one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and surroundings without judgment or attachment. The study focuses on examining the relationship between flow state and mindfulness among young adults. A sample of 200 college students was administered with the Flow short scale by Rheinberg, Vollmeyer & Engeser, 2003 and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire by Baer et al. (2012). The relationships between flow state and mindfulness were examined using correlational analysis. The analyses of the result reveal a significant positive correlation between flow state and mindfulness. The significant positive correlation between flow state and mindfulness unveiled in this study suggests potential interconnectedness between these psychological states. Understanding this relationship can shed light on the mechanisms underlying optimal human experience and inform interventions aimed at enhancing well-being among young adults.

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Flow, Mindfulness, Psychological Well-Being, Young Adults, Correlation.

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