Volume 14 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Traditional approaches to monitoring energy consumption often rely on basic meters or manual observation, which provide limited information about real-time usage. These methods are time-consuming, lack detailed analysis, and do not offer continuous monitoring of electrical loads. In many cases, users are unable to track individual load consumption or identify inefficient energy usage patterns. Additionally, the absence of remote access makes it difficult to monitor energy data from different locations. These limitations reduce the effectiveness of energy management and hinder timely detection of abnormal consumption or faults. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents an IoT-based energy monitoring system using Raspberry Pi Pico W. The proposed system measures electrical parameters such as current and estimates energy consumption for multiple loads. The collected data is processed by the controller and transmitted to a cloud platform for real-time monitoring and analysis. Users can access this data remotely, enabling better understanding and management of energy usage. The system eliminates the need for manual intervention and provides continuous monitoring with improved convenience. It also offers features such as data logging, remote accessibility, and visualization of energy consumption patterns. Although the system is not intended for billing-grade accuracy, it provides a practical and cost-effective solution for real-time energy monitoring applications. Overall, the proposed system supports efficient energy utilization by providing users with meaningful insights into their consumption behavior, making it suitable for residential and small-scale applications.

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 Keywords

IoT, Energy Monitoring System, Raspberry Pi Pico W, Smart Energy Management, Real-Time Monitoring, Cloud-Based Data Logging, Load Analysis

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 Abstract

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VIS- volume incentive spiromeretry, OMAS- oromotor assessment scale

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Side channel attacks (SCA) attack the hardware implementation of cryptography, but not the algorithms themselves. The attacks involve monitoring physical parameters that are affected by secret key operations in the hardware implementation and using statistical correlation techniques to recover the keys. Cryptographic chips used in embedded systems, smart cards, hardware security modules (HSMs), and SoCs are especially susceptible due to their limited physical environment. This paper reviews the various hardware techniques for defending against SCAs on power and timing channels. Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL), hardware masking techniques based on Boolean secret sharing and Threshold Implementations, constant time architecture design, and clock randomization are among those studied. These methods are analyzed for their effectiveness, cost in terms of area and performance overhead, scalability, and residual leaks. A comparative analysis will show the pros and cons of each technique in terms of PPA. Future directions for research include composable defense strategies and leakage verification for SCA-resilient cryptographic hardware.

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 Keywords

Side-Channel Attacks; Differential Power Analysis; WDDL; Hardware Masking; Constant-Time Design; Clock Randomization; Cryptographic Hardware Security

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 Abstract

The wooden wardrobe (almirah) designs of Saharanpur are well known for their traditional craftsmanship and detailed wood carving. In the past, these wardrobes were heavy, decorative and made mainly from solid wood. However, with changing lifestyles and modern needs, their designs have gradually changed. This study focuses on how the trends in wooden wardrobe design have evolved over time. Today, people prefer simple, space-saving and functional furniture. As a result, Saharanpur wardrobes are now being made in lighter designs with less carving and more useful features like extra storage, shelves and modular parts. New materials such as glass and metal are also sometimes combined with wood to give a modern look. The study shows that modernization has helped improve both design and usability while still keeping some traditional elements. Overall, the change in design trends reflects a balance between old craftsmanship and new ideas, helping Saharanpur furniture stay popular in today's market. Saharanpur is a renowned traditional craft that represents a rich blend of artistic heritage, cultural influences and skilled craftsmanship. Known as the "Wood Carving City," Saharanpur has been a major center for wooden handicrafts since at least the 14th century, with strong influences from Mughal, Persian and Indian design traditions. The craft primarily involves carving intricate patterns such as floral motifs, geometric designs and lattice (jaali) work on woods like sheesham and teak. Artisans use traditional hand tools to create a wide range of products, including furniture, decorative panels and utility items. The production process is highly skilled and often collaborative, involving stages like carving, inlay work, polishing, and finishing. Saharanpur's wood carving industry is not only an artistic tradition but also an important economic activity, supporting thousands of artisans and contributing to both domestic and international markets. Over time, the craft has evolved by incorporating modern designs while preserving its traditional identity. Wood carving in Saharanpur stands as a significant example of India's handicraft heritage, combining creativity, tradition and livelihood and continuing to thrive as a globally recognized art form.

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: Saharanpur, wooden wardrobe, practice status, new design possibilities, modern creativity.

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The banking sector plays a vital role in the economic development of a country, and its efficiency largely depends on the quality of human resources. This study focuses on the recruitment and selection practices adopted in the banking sector, with the objective of analyzing their effectiveness, challenges, and recent trends. The research examines various recruitment sources such as internal hiring, campus recruitment, employee referrals, and digital platforms, along with selection methods including aptitude tests, interviews, group discussions, and background verification. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected through surveys and interviews with bank employees and HR professionals, while secondary data is obtained from journals, reports, and official banking websites. The findings indicate that the adoption of digital recruitment tools and online assessment methods has significantly improved the efficiency and transparency of hiring processes. However, challenges such as high competition for skilled talent, lengthy selection procedures, and bias in evaluation still persist.The study concludes that while the banking sector has modernized its recruitment and selection processes, there is a need for continuous improvement through the use of advanced technologies, structured interview techniques, and unbiased assessment systems. Effective recruitment and selection practices can enhance employee performance, reduce turnover, and contribute to overall organizational success.

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Banking, Human resource Management, Recruitment and Selection.

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Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a critical environmental phenomenon characterized by elevated temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural regions. While previous research has predominantly focused on building density and land use, the role of road infrastructure as a major contributor to urban heat dynamics remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of road infrastructure on UHI intensity within the municipal boundaries of Sambhajinagar, a rapidly urbanizing tier-2 city in India. The research adopts a spatio-temporal analytical approach, integrating road network characteristics, surface temperature variations, and urban morphology. It examines how road density, material properties, traffic intensity, and vegetation cover influence localized heat accumulation. The findings indicate that asphalt-based road networks significantly contribute to heat storage and delayed heat release, intensifying nighttime temperatures. High-density road zones exhibit greater surface temperatures and stronger UHI effects compared to peripheral areas with lower infrastructure intensity. The study also highlights the role of urban canyon geometry and reduced vegetation in exacerbating heat retention along major corridors. The paper concludes that road infrastructure must be integrated into urban climate planning frameworks to mitigate UHI effects effectively.

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Urban Heat Island, road infrastructure, surface temperature, spatio-temporal analysis, Sambhajinagar, urban morphology

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The healthcare is one of the important research field in the current situation with the rapid improvement of technology and data. The primary concern of this research work is the usage of machine learning techniques for predicting heart diseases using clinical and symptom-related information. Considering the fast-growing volume of medical records, it becomes difficult to rely on conventional approaches to the analysis of data. Machine learning is used to examine huge amounts of data quickly and detect patterns linked to diseases. To build predictive models, the present study employs the dataset related to Cleveland Heart Disease, provided by the UCI Machine Learning Repository available at Kaggle. Several approaches to classifying information and developing predictive models will be examined, such as the Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Random Forest. In particular, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique is important to discuss because it is highly effective in solving classification problems by defining an optimal hyperplane to differentiate points in multidimensional space. This System will be implemented using SVM Algorithm. It is classification based machine learning algorithm.

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support vector machine, heart disease, machine learning, supervised, unsupervised.

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Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are important components of modern software systems that enable communication between different applications. APIs use parameters in requests to retrieve customized data and perform specific operations. However, changes in request parameters can significantly affect response accuracy and system performance. This research investigates the impact of API parameter variation using different test cases such as valid parameters, missing parameters, invalid parameters, unnecessary extra parameters, and large input values. Experimental testing was performed on REST APIs using standard API testing tools. Metrics such as response time, error rate, status code, and output correctness were analyzed. The results indicate that valid parameters provide the highest efficiency and most accurate responses, while incorrect or excessive parameters increase processing time and error frequency. This study highlights the importance of parameter validation and optimized request design for reliable API development.

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- API, REST API, Parameters, Performance Testing, Response Accuracy, HTTP Requests, Web Services

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The rapid growth of mobile health applications has increased the need for intelligent and personalized wellness systems. This paper presents Fitness Agent, an AI-powered fitness tracker that provides personalized health guidance through daily check-ins. The system evaluates seven wellness categories using a weighted scoring algorithm to generate a daily fitness score and detect health trends. A conversational AI assistant offers context-aware recommendations based on user history and goals. The application is developed using a cross-platform mobile framework and deployed on a serverless cloud architecture, enabling low-cost operation and fast response times. Testing across multiple devices confirmed consistent scoring accuracy and reliable AI performance. The system demonstrates that scalable, low-cost, and personalized health monitoring can be achieved using modern AI technologies.

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fitness tracking, artificial intelligence, mobile health, wellness scoring, trend analysis, serverless architecture, natural language processing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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?????? ?????-???????, ???-????, ?????????, ???????????? ????????, ??????? ???????

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Young Indian consumers have joined a new digital trend that combines their social media usage with their desire to purchase expensive products. The study investigates Instagram's de-influencing trend, which causes content creators to stop people from buying popular but worthless and substandard products. The Gen Z and Millennial demographic group shows advanced influencer fatigue because of influencer marketing, which now reaches its highest saturation point through excessive product endorsements and a lack of marketing transparency. The research study uses qualitative analysis to study messaging patterns and six case studies, which demonstrate how major de-influencers create a new source credibility model. The study shows that current users value perceived authenticity and informational social influence more than traditional celebrity charm. The study examines these trends, affecting 28% of Indian Gen Z through their financial insecurity and increasing dedication to sustainability. The research shows that de-influencing content, which includes genuine product reviews and affordable product recommendations, functions as an educational tool that fights against aspirational spending and excessive consumerism, which traditional marketing drives. The movement promotes conscious consumption, which leads young Indians to choose products based on their practicality and environmental impact instead of social media advertising. The paper shows that de-influencing has evolved into a permanent shift, which has transformed how consumers behave in digital spaces while showing that social commerce enters an age of rationality and consumer empowerment.

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De-influencing, Indian Gen Z, Influencer Fatigue, Mindful Consumption

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In Vedic cosmology, time unfolds through vast and repeating cycles rather than linear progression. For example, yugas within kalpas that cycle perpetually from creation (srishti) through preservation, decay and finally dissolution (pralaya). This paper analyses Back to the Future (1985) as a secular and popular embodiment of this Kala Chakra. Marty McFly's DeLorean navigates through timeline ripples that reflect cosmic flux. Parental alterations trigger existential fading like Kali Yuga entropy. These crises are resolved through lightning-struck resets, similar to divine renewal. The film's mechanics, such as flux capacitor activations, photo erasures, and perfected returns, emerge as playful visualisations of eternal recurrence, contrasting Western linear causality. By bridging ancient metaphysics and 1980s science fiction, it democratises cyclical time, which in turn offers moksha-like timeline harmony without explicit spirituality. This reading uncovers an unrecognised Vedic resonance in the mainstream cinema.

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Vedic cosmology, cyclical time, kala chakra, Back to the Future, yuga cycles.

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Stock market prediction, ensemble learning, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, technical indicators, feature engineering, NIFTY 50, SENSEX, Flask REST API, financial forecasting, RSI, MACD, machine learning

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Rudy Wiebe is a forerunner of restoring the 'Ignored History' and a devoted writer who turned his attention to the indigenous history of Western Canada at the crucial period when the Dominion Government ruled over Canada. Western Canada was in the position of opening the great West to European settlers and contrastingly encompassing the aboriginal people on reserves. Wiebe in his novel -The Temptations of Big Bear (1973) depict the period of social, cultural, political, and racial upheaval. The fiction writing of Wiebe remains a complex act of reading, as it is mainly based on afresh and innovative style. His works almost employ narrative practices, multiple voices, and through shifts in perspective and time. The status of natives and whites re-imposed in Canadian society has been exposed by Wiebe. Mennonite themes are not the only concern of Rudy Wiebe in his fiction. The concern of original inhabitants, the native Indians, and other politically marginalized minorities, like the Metis, form part of commitment to humanity. Wiebe gives voice to the repressed agony lying deep inside history. He carefully unearths these voices and listens patiently. Wiebe's novel The Temptations of Big deal with the past of native Indians and Metis respectively. Early Canadian literature was dominantly white; the natives were portrayed as savage and primitive as opposed to civilized white culture. As Monkman says: "The Natives were treated as the embodiment of ideals and principles defeated or disregarded by the white man..." (102).

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Postcolonialism, Hegemony, Hybridity, Primitive, Marginalization etc

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 Abstract

Management of all the content in the courses, student progress, attendance in an efficient way is still a big challenge in the universities and organizations which results in unorganized data and less transparency into student's performance. The already present methods in the market are time consuming and take lots of hard work for the educators to maintain a proper track of learning path and provide proper guidance to the students. To overcome these limitations, the proposed "Learning Path Dashboard" is developed to provide a web based solution that combines automated learning path creation along with attendance management and resources. The platform under the supervision of the teacher automatically generates a learning path according to the course duration and along with that the educators can also upload the resources such as videos, images, pdf's with each topic. It also has attendance tracking which has a record of daily participation and also links it with the topics covered that day to highlight the learning gaps. The system is built using a React-based frontend and with Material UI features whereas the backend is handled using spring boot to ensure smooth performance and scalability. Some important features include dynamic topic planning, centralized resource handling, attendance monitoring and performance tracking through an interactive dashboard. With this approach, the system supports better and easier academic management, rescues the load of manual efforts, and helps improve the student learning.

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Learning Path Dashboard, Educational Technology, Learning Path Generation, Student Performance, Tracking, Attendance Management System, Resource Integration, Web-Based Application, React.js, Material UI, Spring Boot, Data-Driven Education, Academic Analytics, E-Learning Systems.

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Universal ID cards play a crucial role in validating an individual's identity and personal credentials, serving as a gateway to essential services such as education, employment, healthcare, banking, and government welfare schemes. However, traditional identity issuance and verification mechanisms are increasingly vulnerable to forgery, data tampering, and unauthorized duplication. Legacy identity management systems are often inefficient, costly, and bureaucratic, making it difficult to prevent identity fraud and ensure real-time verification. These limitations lead to delays in authentication processes, as data must be exchanged between multiple authorities and service providers, requiring significant manual effort to confirm authenticity. To address these challenges, this project proposes a secure and efficient digital identity management framework for Universal ID cards using Blockchain Technology and Capsule Siamese Networks. Identity records are stored with pre-hashes on the blockchain to guarantee data integrity and immutability. The ID holder generates a one-time symmetric encryption key to securely transmit identity information to verifiers, preventing unauthorized access and data leakage. The blockchain's pre-hashing mechanism enables rapid detection of tampering, while Capsule Siamese Networks are employed to detect and localize forged or manipulated identity content within digital ID documents, further strengthening the verification process. By integrating blockchain, cryptographic security, and advanced deep learning techniques, the proposed system delivers a robust, transparent, and scalable solution for universal digital identity management. This approach significantly enhances the security, efficiency, and reliability of identity verification, overcomes the limitations of conventional systems, and minimizes the risk of identity fraud in modern digital ecosystems.

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Universal ID Card,Identity Verification,Fraud Detection,Blockchain Technology,Artificial Intelligence (AI),Capsule Siamese Networks,Digital Identity Management,Data Integrity,Cryptographic Security

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Primary gastric lymphomas (PGLs) are uncommon tumors, accounting for about 5% of all gastric malignancies.The majority (>95%) are Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), arising from lymphoid tissue of the stomach.PGL represents a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders with varied histological subtypes. It is the second most common gastric malignancy worldwide after gastric adenocarcinoma. CASE REPORT Here we present a case of 48-year-old female patient with complaints of nausea, vomiting, weight loss & abdominal pain for 2 months. Upper GI endoscopy showed an ulcerative lesion involving the pre-pyloric region & lesser curvature, which was further confirmed by CECT abdomen. The biopsy report showed a poorly differentiated neoplasm. CONCLUSION Primary gastric NHLs are not very frequent but still not very rare. The diagnosis of gastric lymphoma can be delayed for many years due to the presence of nonspecific symptoms. Early diagnosis and histopathological subtyping have a significant impact on the prognosis and management of the patient.

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Primary gastric lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Immunohistochemistry, Gastrointestinal

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The Himalayas are one of one of the largest mountain ecosystems on the planet as well as their ecosystem is dependent on the altitude, climate, as well as topography (Shrestha et al., 2012). Rhododendrons play a significant role in these ecosystems due to their ability to help to maintain forest structure the stability of soils, cycling of nutrients and habitat for wildlife (Xu et al., 2019, 2019; Pandey et al., 2019). The study investigated what the distribution vertically of species from Rhododendron on the Chopta-Tungnath trekking route within the Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand during a spring-time survey that was conducted between March 26 and 2025. The study examined the notion that Rhododendron species exhibit vertical segregation at higher altitudes, instead of being equally distributed throughout the slope of the mountain. The field observations were conducted from Sari village, which is located at around 2000m up and Chopta (2200 m) to Tungnath route at about 3200 m in a single trekking survey. The species were identified by ocular estimation as well as visual field observation. The results revealed an apparent pattern of altitudinal variation. In such respect trees were prevalent at lower elevations, while transitional forms emerged within the middle zones and shrubby forms became prominent at higher altitudes. These results support the notion that Rhododendron communities are segregated vertically across Himalayan elevation gradients, which is observed for a variety of other plant communities within mountain ecosystems (Saikia et al., 2017. Dash et al., 2021).

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Rhododendron, Vertical segregation, Altitude gradient, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Himalaya Spring survey, forest ecology

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This study investigates the impact of perceived stress on job satisfaction among teachers across different levels of teaching and institutional types. Using survey responses from educators aged 25-55 with varying years of teaching experience, the research explores how workload, administrative duties, student behavior, and resource availability contribute to stress, and how these factors influence satisfaction with the teaching profession. The findings reveal that while many teachers report feeling overwhelmed by responsibilities and emotionally drained due to workload and behavioral challenges, a significant proportion still express high levels of satisfaction, accomplishment, and motivation in their roles. Teachers consistently highlight positive interactions with students and a sense of professional respect as buffers against stress. However, issues such as lack of discipline, student distraction from technology, and administrative pressures emerge as notable stressors that reduce motivation and satisfaction. Differences are observed across institution types, with government school teachers often reporting stronger feelings of security and accomplishment compared to private school counterparts. Overall, the study underscores the complex interplay between stress and satisfaction, suggesting that while stress negatively affects aspects of teachers' well-being, intrinsic rewards and supportive environments can sustain job satisfaction. These insights highlight the need for institutional strategies to mitigate stress and enhance teacher support systems.

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Perceived stress; Job satisfaction; Teachers; Workload; Administrative duties; Student behavior; Resource availability; Government schools; Private schools; Teacher well being; Institutional support

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This study explores the intertwined roles of memory and identity in postcolonial English literature, emphasizing their function as both thematic concerns and structural forces. Memory operates as a counter-discursive strategy, reclaiming suppressed histories and articulating trauma, while identity reflects the negotiation of hybridity, displacement, and cultural belonging. Drawing on theorists such as Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, Edward Said, and Gayatri Spivak, the research situates postcolonial literature within the broader historical and cultural legacies of colonialism, including linguistic imposition, cultural erasure, and diasporic displacement. Through close readings of works by Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri, Chinua Achebe, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the study demonstrates how narrative strategies--fragmented storytelling, nonlinear structures, and subaltern voices--transform literature into a site of resistance and cultural renewal. Ultimately, the analysis underscores the transformative power of postcolonial literature in reshaping cultural narratives, amplifying marginalized voices, and redefining subjectivity in a globalized world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Postcolonial literature, memory and trauma, identity formations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition