Volume 14 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Abstract Background: Karnataka's forest outbreak has grown into something much bigger. Kyasanur Forest Disease now touches Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Goa, placing community health nurses at the centre of managing this tick-borne fever in some of India's most isolated corners. Objective: This review examines how community health nurses handle kyasanur forest disease across South India their daily work, the obstacles they encounter, and where their capabilities might be strengthened. Methods: Published studies from 2014 to 2026 were examined, drawing from academic databases and government reports. The focus stayed on nursing practice, surveillance activities, and community interventions. Results: Community health nurses have become kyasanur forest disease's backbone. They manage house-to-house fever checks and deliver vaccines to tribal areas requiring hours of walking to reach. But workforce shortages, limited disease training, and supply problems create unnecessary hardships. Conclusion: Staying ahead of kyasanur forest disease and similar diseases demands investment in nursing capacity. This means proper training, sufficient resources, and recognition that these nurses often represent the only healthcare presence in vulnerable communities.

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 Keywords

Kyasanur Forest Disease; community health nursing; zoonosis; climate change; vector-borne disease; India; surveillance

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Low-light conditions significantly degrade the performance of object detection systems due to reduced visibility, noise, and poor contrast. This paper presents an adaptive image enhancement approach to improve object detection performance under varying illumination conditions. The proposed method dynamically selects enhancement techniques based on image brightness levels, applying gamma correction and histogram equalization accordingly. Experimental evaluation is conducted on low-light simulated datasets, and results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive method outperforms traditional fixed enhancement techniques in terms of detection accuracy. The study highlights the importance of preprocessing strategies in enhancing the robustness of computer vision systems in real-world scenarios.

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Low-light imaging, Object detection, Image enhancement, Adaptive processing, Computer vision

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This paper presents a Students Performance Analytics System designed to analyze and monitor student academic performance efficiently. The system uses structured data collected from multiple semesters and processes it using data analytics techniques to generate meaningful insights. The proposed system integrates tools such as Python, MySQL, and data visualization libraries to perform data cleaning, transformation, and analysis. It helps in identifying trends, comparing student performance, and detecting weak and strong areas. The system also provides graphical reports for better understanding and decision-making. This approach reduces manual effort and improves accuracy in performance evaluation. The developed system can be used by educational institutions to enhance academic monitoring and support data-driven decisions.

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Student Performance, Data Analytics, Python, MySQL, Data Visualization, Academic Analysis, SGPA, Educational System

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ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization and the continuous increase in the number of vehicles have created serious parking challenges in metropolitan and semi-urban areas. Conventional parking systems are mostly manual, inefficient, and time-consuming, causing traffic congestion, fuel wastage, environmental pollution, and driver frustration. To overcome these issues, this project proposes a Real-Time Smart Parking System with Mobile App Integration, an intelligent and automated solution designed to improve parking management efficiency and user convenience. These sensors are connected to a microcontroller such as Node MCU or Arduino, which processes the data and transmits it to a cloud-based server through Wi-Fi connectivity. The collected data is stored in a centralized database such as Firebase or MySQL and is continuously updated to reflect the current parking status. Through the mobile app, users can search for nearby parking areas, check slot availability, reserve a slot in advance, navigate to the selected location, and complete secure digital payments. The integration of cloud computing ensures data accessibility, scalability, and reliability, making the system suitable for smart city environments. This system significantly reduces the time spent searching for parking spaces, decreases traffic congestion, and minimizes fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Automated slot detection and digital billing improve operational accuracy and reduce manual errors. The solution is highly scalable and can be implemented in shopping malls, airports, hospitals, corporate offices, railway stations, and smart city infrastructures. Furthermore, the system can be enhanced in the future by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) for demand prediction, Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) for vehicle identification, face recognition for security, and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station management.

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KEYWORDS:Real-Time Monitoring, Smart Parking System, Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile App Integration, Cloud Computing, NodeMCU, Arduino, IR Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Firebase, MySQL, Android Application, Digital Payment, Traffic Congestion Reduction, Smart Cities, Intelligent Transportation System.

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Abstract Since English language involves both speaking and writing, it is important to know and understand conjunctions well, so that effective and good flow of communication to be maintained in an efficient manner. Conjunctions when used properly, allow for more natural flow and rhythm in speech and writing, whereas the improper use of conjunctions often results in writing that sounds abrupt and disjointed. Conjunctions are words that link or connect two words, phrases, clauses or sentences together in English. This paper aims to analyse the conjunctions and their role as meaning, types and uses or functions in English; and examines the uses of conjunctions semantically and uses of conjunctions pragmatically. This study provides impetus thoughts of conjunctions in English language. And also, it carries out a panoramic description and explanation about the function of conjunctions which is obvious, perspicuous and well defined, as one of the core grammatical classes, popularly known as parts of speech in English.

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Keywords: Conjunctions, Coordinating, Subordinating, Correlative.

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"Fragments of War: Memory and Moral Conflict in Ao's Short Fiction," examines selected stories. Focusing on Short Stories. The study explores how war is represented as a fragmented and deeply personal experience within the socio-political context of Nagaland. Rather than presenting war as a distant political phenomenon, Ao portrays its immediate and lasting impact on ordinary civilians, whose lives are shaped by fear, loss, and uncertainty. The paper analyses the role of memory as both a source of trauma and a means of preserving identity. Through recollection, characters revisit a past marked by peace, which sharply contrasts with the violence of the present. These memories function as emotional imprints that sustain individual and collective histories. The study also examines the moral conflicts faced by characters who are compelled to navigate complex ethical dilemmas in situations where survival often overrides conventional notions of right and wrong. In stories like "The Jungle Major," the tension between justice and revenge highlights the blurred boundaries of morality in times of conflict. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the loss of innocence and the silencing of cultural expression, particularly through the tragic figure of Apenyo in "The Last Song." By foregrounding civilian experiences, Ao humanizes the effects of war and underscores the resilience of marginalized communities. Ultimately, this study argues that Ao's fiction presents war as an enduring human condition that fragments lives while preserving voices through narrative.

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Keywords War, Memory, Moral Conflict, Trauma, Resilience

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This research has been done to explore capacities of social enterprises and sociopreneurs for bringing sustainable change. The main focus area of this study is female employees at Barefoot College, Tilonia, Rajasthan. A qualitative primary research approach has been used with semi-structured interviews to gather data from women employees at Barefoot College, interviews of illiterate or semi-literate solar engineers, master trainers, the pad lab incharge, incharge of the solar department, the pathology lab incharge, the barefoot dentist, and a front-facing employee at Tilonia Craft Shop. This study provides qualitative evidence from the ground about changes in the lives of financially dependent women becoming an asset for themselves and their families after being financially independent and more aware of their rights while working at a social enterprise like, in this case, Barefoot College, Tilonia. This research also reveals how financial independence makes women from rural India independent socially, politically, and personally.

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Social Entrepreneurship, Barefoot College, Women Empowerment, Sustainable Development

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Abstract--Mental wellness concerns such as stress, anxiety, low mood, and emotional dysregulation are increasingly common among students and young adults, while access to immediate psychological support remains limited by cost, availability, and stigma. This paper presents Aeries, an emotion-aware mental wellness web application that integrates conversational artificial intelligence with structured self-care modules. The system accepts naturallanguage user input, performs transformer-based emotion detection, applies a risk-screening layer, and generates empathetic responses through a controlled generative language model. In addition to conversational support, the platform provides digital journaling, relaxation video resources, and guided breathing activities to encourage self-reflection and stress regulation. The work is positioned as a wellness-support prototype rather than a clinical diagnosis or therapy system. Aeries is implemented using a React-based frontend, an API-driven backend, and a modular AI processing layer for emotion inference, response generation, and safety filtering. To support academic evaluation, the paper defines a structured methodology covering model performance, response quality, usability, and safety. The proposed evaluation framework reports emotion classification using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion analysis; response quality using human ratings for empathy, relevance, helpfulness, and safety; and user acceptability using satisfaction and engagement feedback. Preliminary pilot evaluation is reported as perceived helpfulness rather than clinical effectiveness, and the paper outlines the additional validation required before any therapeutic efficacy claim can be made. The results indicate that Aeries is a feasible approach for combining emotion-aware conversation with supportive wellness modules, while highlighting the need for privacy-aware design, stronger safety testing, and larger user studies.

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Emotion Detection, Conversational AI, Mental Wellness, Natural Language Processing, Transformer Models, Generative AI, Digital Health.

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The paper explores how motivational human resource management strategies employed by startups could help develop democracy within the workplace and promote citizenship participation in urban India. The paper maintains that after startups pass the initial stage of survival, they could potentially be not just economic entities but also institutions wherein democratic skills are learned and practiced. The paper contributes a novel synthesis that links startup survival, motivational HR practices, workplace democracy, and civic engagement within the Indian urban context. It extends discussion beyond startup performance to the democratic and social value of organizational design. This work employs a conceptual and narrative review methodology. The literature on entrepreneurship survival, democratic workplace management, motivational human resource management, ownership, and civic engagement is reviewed to develop an integrative theory around the startup ecosystem in the city context, specifically in Mumbai. The findings of the paper reveal that the following three practice clusters appear to be critical: employee stock option schemes, work structures based on flatness and participation, and the use of artificial intelligence for sentiment monitoring to create a responsiveness tool rather than a means of surveillance. These can enhance autonomy, ownership, voice, and political efficacy internally, spilling over into the civic sphere. Startup entrepreneurs and HR managers can consider motivational HR systems as governance mechanisms. Rather than looking at retention programs merely as tools for productivity, they can develop participatory programs that enhance both employee commitment and organizational sustainability. The paper positions startups as potential micro-democratic institutions that can contribute to participatory citizenship in urban India by cultivating agency, responsibility, and collaborative problem-solving among employees. The study is theoretical in nature and does not examine the proposed relationships empirically. Further research could confirm the model using surveys, mixed methods, and comparative analyses within Indian startup ecosystems.

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startup survival; workplace democracy; civic engagement; motivational HR practices; ESOPs; urban India

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Why do some startups survive the critical three-year mark while others, even those with strong ideas and adequate funding, fail silently within 36 months? The systematic literature review addresses that question by exploring the relationship between motivational human resource management (HRM) practices and startup survival, but with a more specific geographic focus on the startup ecosystem in Mumbai, India - the most expensive, most competitive and most complex entrepreneurial ecosystem in the country. A total of 140 peer-reviewed articles found in Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO were reviewed, screened, and synthesized based on the guidelines of PRISMA 2020. The review confirms the 36-month demarcation point as a theoretically grounded and empirically established demarcation point between organizational precariousness and relative stability, anchored in Liability of Newness, Resource-Based View, Organizational Ecology, and Self-Determination Theory. Five thematic categories of motivational HR practices are identified, namely, equity-based compensation (ESOPs), career development, recognition culture, flexible work arrangements, and open communication, which are linked to different mechanisms of survival. The study proves that ventures that adopt systematic motivational HR practices in their incubation stage are more likely to survive beyond three years. The review highlights crucial areas for further research in the Mumbai context, such as the lack of research papers indexed in Scopus concerning the entrepreneurial ventures of MMR. The literature search will be confined to those articles published till October 2025.

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Startup Survival, Three-Year Threshold, Motivational HR Practices, Mumbai Startup Ecosystem, Liability of Newness, Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), Resource-Based View, PRISMA 2020

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Concrete is prepared by combining cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate, and a controlled quantity of water. Traditionally, river sand has been the most widely used fine aggregate due to its easy availability and suitability in mix design. However, excessive extraction of river sand has led to serious environmental concerns such as riverbed erosion and ecological imbalance. In addition, the declining availability of natural sand is creating challenges for construction activities and infrastructure development. To address this issue, alternative materials like crushed stone sand--commonly known as Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) or Robo Sand--are increasingly being used as a substitute for river sand. The use of such materials not only reduces the dependency on natural resources but also helps in minimizing environmental degradation caused by over-mining of riverbeds. Before adopting these alternatives in concrete, it is essential to study and compare their properties with those of natural sand. Important parameters such as specific gravity, fineness modulus, and compressive strength need to be evaluated to ensure their suitability. The main objective of this project is to examine the key characteristics of crushed stone sand and compare them with river sand. Concrete specimens are prepared by replacing natural sand with crushed stone sand in proportions of 0%, 50%, and 100%. The compressive strength of these mixes is then determined for M20 grade concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.45, to assess the performance and feasibility of using crushed stone sand as a sustainable alternative.

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Concrete; M-Sand vs River Sand; Fine Aggregate Replacement; M20 Mix (w/c 0.45); Strength & Properties; Sustainability

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For the inclusion and empowerment of persons with disabilities, Para-sports have emerged as an important platform. However, there is an increase in the recognition of Para-athletes at various levels viz., national or international level; despite this various social barriers continue to affect their participation and acceptance with in the society. The current study tries to examine the social barriers faced by Para-athletes in Rajasthan from a sociological perspective. This work is based on primary data collected during the state level games from a total of 201 Para-athletes, using a structured questionnaire including both open and close ended question. The findings are of the view that despite the growth in this field many Para-athletes experiences social challenges such as distribution, negative societal attitudes, lack of recognition and exclusion. Respondents also highlighted that society often view Para-athletes differently from able-bodied athletes. These experiences of the respondents reflect the persisting stigma and stereotype associated with disability. Addressing these challenges requires a larger social awareness, empathy, inclusive attitudes in order to enhance Para-sports and promote a more equitable sporting environment.

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Disability, Para- Sports, Rajasthan, Para-athlete, Stigma, Sociology.

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Enrofloxacin, a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic in veterinary medicine, requires stringent quality control to ensure its safety, efficacy, and stability. The development of stability-indicating analytical methods is essential for accurately quantifying the drug in the presence of its degradation products formed under various stress conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), particularly reverse-phase HPLC, has emerged as a reliable and sensitive technique for this purpose. This review focuses on the development and validation of stability-indicating HPLC methods for the quantitative estimation of enrofloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Key aspects of method development, including selection of chromatographic conditions, optimization of mobile phase, and detection parameters, are discussed in detail. The role of forced degradation studies under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions in establishing method specificity is also highlighted. Furthermore, the review summarizes validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Recent advancements in analytical techniques, including green chromatography and hyphenated methods, are also considered. Overall, stability-indicating HPLC methods play a crucial role in pharmaceutical quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and stability assessment of enrofloxacin formulations, ensuring the delivery of safe and effective veterinary products.

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Enrofloxacin, HPLC, Stability-indicating method, Forced degradation studies, Chromatographic analysis, Validation parameters

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Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) tool Obsidian Circuit is modular and has a graphical user interface (GUI). It has been designed in such a way that it becomes easier to observe digital security incidents. This tool enables it to be more efficient in analysing incidents with a faster and more accurate display of forensic results in a simplistic style graphical interface.

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Digital Forensics, Incident Response, DFIR, File Integrity Verification, Metadata Analysis, Network Traffic Analysis, Log Analysis, PCAP Analysis, Threat Detection, Intrusion Detection, Cybersecurity, Forensic Investigation, Rule-Based Detection, Security Monitoring, Data Exfiltration Detection, Streamlit, Python, Security Analytics, Incident Investigation, Threat Intelligence

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This paper examines Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's master-slave dialectic as a theory of self-consciousness grounded in recognition, fear, and labour, and extends it into the domain of economic theory. Against interpretations that treat mastery as the realization of freedom, the paper argues that the master's recognition is structurally deficient because it is derived from a dependent consciousness. By contrast, the slave's experience of fear and engagement in labour generates a transformative process through which self-consciousness becomes mediated and historically grounded. The paper develops an original interdisciplinary model that formalizes this dialectic in economic terms, interpreting recognition as a non-material utility component and labour as a process of value creation and self-objectification. The analysis demonstrates that domination produces unstable utility equilibria, whereas labour-mediated recognition generates sustainable value, both economically and philosophically. The master-slave dialectic is thus reinterpreted as a dynamic model of subject-formation and economic development, revealing that genuine freedom emerges not through domination but through productive and reciprocal mediation.

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Master-Slave Dialectic, Recognition (Anerkennung), Self-Consciousness, Labour Theory, Economic Mediation, Utility Theory, Non-Material Utility, Value Creation, Subject-Formation, Dialectical Philosophy, Social Ontology, Game Theory, Behavioural Economics, Reciprocal Recognition, Freedom and Mediation, Political Economy, Identity Formation, Philosophical Economics, Interdisciplinary Theory

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Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic ulcers, present a major therapeutic challenge due to delayed healing, high risk of infection, and impaired tissue regeneration. The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal hydrogel as an effective topical drug delivery system for wound healing applications. The hydrogel was developed using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and incorporated with herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica and Centella asiatica, known for their potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Suitable excipients such as triethanolamine, glycerin, methyl paraben, and acetic acid were used to achieve the desired consistency, stability, and preservation of the formulation. The prepared hydrogel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and drug content. The formulation exhibited a smooth and homogeneous texture with a pH suitable for skin application. Viscosity and spreadability were found to be optimal, ensuring ease of application and improved patient compliance. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release pattern of the active constituents, which is beneficial for prolonged therapeutic action at the wound site. The antimicrobial activity of the hydrogel indicated effective inhibition of microbial growth, supporting its role in preventing wound infections. Additionally, the formulation was found to be non-irritant and safe for topical use. Overall, the developed polyherbal hydrogel showed promising results and can be considered a potential alternative for the effective management of diabetic wounds.

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Wound healing, hydrogel, Centella asiatica, Diabetes wounds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In India, the position of mother is considered as the highest and her role is crucial in upbringing the family and society, but in history of India except very few names like Gautani, Jijabai and so on, where is the mother, her role, who is the mother and why mother was not highlighted for her contribution to society? All these questions are arising again and again in my mind and heart. In this patriarchic historical writing society of India only fathers are highlighted as Father of Indian Renaissance, Father of the Nation, Father of Social Revolution,1 Father of Modern India and so on. I started researching mother and her role by revisiting the pages of Indian History and I found a clue to my questions and there are women who played a major role in the progress of society. In 19" Century India we have social and religious reform movements and this period is called as Indian Renaissance, during this period Savithribai Phule come forward and played a crucial role of mother to uplift the society for the progress of the complete nation.

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Savitribai Phule , Gowtami, Jeejabai, Davadase, Mali, Backward

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent malignancy in children and demands rapid, accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Conventional diagnosis relies on manual microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears (PBS), which is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability. This paper presents LeukDetect, a web-based AI system that employs ResNet-50 transfer learning to classify PBS images into four categories: Benign (Hematogone), Early Pre-B ALL, Pre-B ALL, and Pro-B ALL. The model adopts a two-phase training strategy: first freezing the ResNet-50 base to train a custom classification head, then fine-tuning the top 30 layers end-to-end. Deployed as a FastAPI backend with an interactive HTML interface, LeukDetect achieves an expected classification accuracy of 92-97% on the C-NMC leukemia dataset. The system supports real-time image upload and inference, making it a practical decision-support tool for haematologists. This work demonstrates that deep learning-based approaches can substantially augment clinical workflows for early leukemia detection.

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Transfer Learning, ResNet-50, Peripheral Blood Smear, Deep Learning, Medical Image Classification, FastAPI, ALL Subtype Detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Growing environmental concerns such as climate change, water scarcity, and resource depletion have significantly influenced consumer awareness and behavior. In response, businesses are increasingly adopting green marketing practices to promote sustainable consumption. This paper provides a systematic review of existing literature on green marketing and its influence on consumers' green purchasing behavior. It highlights key theoretical foundations such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The study further categorizes green marketing initiatives into strategic and tactical levels and examines their role in shaping consumer decisions. The findings suggest that well-designed green marketing strategies positively influence consumer attitudes, intentions, and actual purchasing behavior. This review contributes to bridging the gap in understanding how different green marketing approaches impact consumer behavior and provides insights for future research.

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Green Marketing, Green Purchase Intention, Consumer Behavior, Sustainability, Marketing Strategy

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Caste was a scourge that has confounded social cohesion for centuries; it manifested itself in several forms, and temple worship has been particularly affected. This was not always infallibly the case, as exceptions existed, such as Muthappan worship. This paper examines the worship of Sree Muthappan in North Kerala as a ritual practice where the division between the sacred and profane is dissolved. It reimagines Muthappan worship not merely as a religious event but as a living text that enacts culture and subaltern agency through an interdisciplinary approach that draws from literary theory and performance studies. The paper argues that worshipping Muthappan reinterprets divinity as an embodied and democratic experience, in which a deity who moves among the populace and fraternizes with all regardless of status. Additionally, the study emphasizes ritual performance as a site that resists rigid social hierarchies, allowing marginalised voice to be expressed within a sacred context. By prioritizing participation, inclusivity, and collective experience, Muthappan worship question established ideas of purity and exclusion. Ultimately, it offers an alternative cultural model in which spirituality promotes social equality and a shared sense of identity.

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 Keywords

theyyam, caste discrimination, ritual, sacred, profane

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