Volume 14 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Women entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to economic development and social empowerment in India. However, the decision of women to engage in entrepreneurial activities is largely influenced by their level of awareness and motivational factors. This study aims to explore the factors that create awareness and encourage women to become entrepreneurs in Surat. A quantitative research design was adopted, and Primary data were generated from 200 women respondents using a structured questionnaire. Key factors such as family support, education and training, financial awareness, government schemes awareness, social influence, and self-confidence were examined in relation to entrepreneurial motivation. Statistical tools including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were employed. The findings reveal that self-confidence and family support are the most influential factors, followed by education and awareness-related variables. The study highlights the importance of enhancing awareness, skill development, and psychological empowerment to promote women entrepreneurship. The results provide useful insights for policymakers and institutions to design effective strategies for encouraging women to pursue entrepreneurial activities.

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 Keywords

Women Entrepreneurship, Awareness, Motivation, Entrepreneurial Intention, Surat

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This study will focus on the yearly performance of the scheme (Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojana) in the state of Chhattisgarh as it relates to financial performance which is examined through budget allocations, funding disbursement & efficiency of budgets through a longitudinal research design that uses secondary data collected from state budget documents, finance accounts & other relevant documents (state government reports) over a period of time. The purpose of this study is to review the trend of allocations, the amount of funds released or disbursed and the actual amount of expenditure against the allocated amount and to determine how closely these three components are consistent and order within a state government funded program/comma program. Expected results of this research will reveal significant variation in funding allocation trend and other types of discrepancies between actual and/or regulatory amounts associated with program funding approvals or budgets which may evidence a lack of effectiveness as a result of delays in administration; ineffective implementation; or shortcomings in policy/administrative design; as well as identifying trends associated with program funding policy/administrative management; and will assess whether the program has become increasingly efficient throughout the duration of its implementation.

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Women Empowerment, Government schems, Mukyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojna, Child development

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The present study investigates science achievement among secondary school students in relation to their scientific attitude, with a focus on institutional differences. A descriptive survey method was employed, and a sample of 195 secondary school students was selected using stratified random sampling from both government and private schools. Self-made tools were used to assess students' scientific attitude and science achievement. The data were analysed using appropriate statistical techniques, including mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The study found a significant positive relationship between scientific attitude and science achievement among secondary school students. A statistically significant difference was observed between students in private and government schools, with students in private schools demonstrating higher levels of science achievement. This difference may be attributed to variations in learning environments, availability of resources, and instructional practices. The study highlights the importance of fostering a scientific attitude as a key factor in enhancing academic performance in science. It also emphasises the need to improve teaching strategies and infrastructural facilities in government schools to bridge the achievement gap. The findings have important implications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum planners.

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Science achievement; scientific attitude; secondary school students.

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The position of Muslim women in India, specifically daughters, still suffers from discrimination in their share of inheritance under the uncodified Muslim Personal Law as governed by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937. The share of inheritance given to women by the Quran in the 7th century in Arabia is not reflected under the codified laws, where the share of daughters is half of what their brothers get, and the remaining amount goes to the agnates of the male members of the family. This paper seeks to explore the existing framework, identify the inequalities, discuss the judicial precedents, and emphasize the need for reforms in the form of codification, optional application of civil law, or a Uniform Civil Code (UCC). It also aims to focus on landmark and ongoing judgments of the Supreme Court, which reflect the contrast between individual rights and gender justice and suggest reforms that are in correspondence with the Constitution and empower daughters economically and socially. In doing so, the paper adopts a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, examining relevant statutes, judicial decisions, and comparative approaches from other jurisdictions. The research aims to prove that the existing framework is inadequate and needs reform, whether from within or outside personal law.

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Muslim Women, Inheritance Rights, Muslim Personal Law, Gender Justice, Daughters' Property Rights, India, Uniform Civil Code, Constitutional Equality, Legal Reform, Women's Economic Empowerment.

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Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Bharat aur Nepal Ke Bich Dwipakshiya Kutniti Ka Vikas (2004-2023): Rannitik Badlav Aur Nirantarta Ka Ek Mahatvpurn Vshleshan

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Intraday financial markets witness significant fluctuation of prices, which can be rather unpredictable with the use of traditional statistical or econometric modeling. Traditional approaches to forecasting do not take into consideration structural aspects of market liquidity and its influence on trading by institutions. This research attempts to develop an integrated approach based on principles of Market Microstructure and Quantitative Finance for analysis of interaction between liquidity distribution across the price levels and large institutional orders leading to creation of liquidity vacuums that cause price acceleration. Intraday trading in stock market is analyzed under the theoretical and mathematical frameworks that consider how distribution of liquidity along the price levels impacts formation of liquidity vacuums and consequent generation of price acceleration. Liquidity vacuums are considered as zones characterized by insufficient market depth to handle incoming orders, which leads to quick price acceleration. A liquidity mapping model is formulated for determination of liquidity density and existence of liquidity gaps in the limit order book. These liquidity gaps are then associated with institutional trading activities indicating high probability of creation of liquidity vacuums, triggered by large order executions. Mathematical modeling of liquidity imbalance and corresponding order flow pressure leading to expected price acceleration is suggested. In addition, the research outlines a methodology for empirical validation that utilizes intraday high-frequency data to verify the predictive ability of the liquidity vacuum signal. It is anticipated that the findings will indicate that the inclusion of the liquidity structure and institutional orders greatly increases the accuracy of price predictions within intraday periods relative to traditional time series models..

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Liquidity Mapping, Institutional Order Flow, Liquidity Vacuum Intraday Price Acceleration ,Limit Order Book, Order Flow Dynamics , Market Liquidity , Liquidity Imbalance , Intraday Stock Market Prediction ,Price Discovery

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Motherhood is considered as an inevitable part of womanhood; however, this aspect of womanhood is not blessed to every woman. Some women are denied the joys of motherhood. These women feel incomplete and carry a sense of low self-esteem. The pressure to become a woman doesn't come from the woman alone, but the society which is patriarchal and views a woman incomplete if she's unable to conceive. This research paper studies the Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta's book 'The Joys of Motherhood' in view of the societal pressure on women to become mothers, that too sons, even at the expense of poverty and physical and mental health of a woman. The paper highlights the worthlessness that infertile women are associated with and the kind of degrading treatment society gives to such women.

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Motherhood, infertility, societal pressure

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Context In today's healthcare environment, quality, safety, and standardisation are essential for delivering effective patient care. The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) provides a structured framework to improve hospital performance through defined standards and protocols. Accreditation ensures that hospitals follow best practices in patient care, infection control, safety, and management systems.

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Accreditation Process, Gap Analysis, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Policy Implementation, Internal Audit, External Assessment, Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI).

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Coffee, a well known processed beverages globally and Arabica coffee [coffea arabica L.] is one of the most popular coffees. Coffee beans are rich in bioactive compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, polyphenols such as caffeoylquinic acids [CQAs] and diterpenes. Recent studies has highlighted its potential role in promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss. This review explores the mechanisms of coffee bioactives, specialy caffeine, it helps in stimulating hair follicles, enhancing the hair cycle anagen phase, and counteracting androgenic alopecia. The article discusses the formulation strategies, cosmetic applications, safety considerations, and regulatory aspects. The review aims to how coffee derived ingredients are used in hair care and their potential expansion into other cosmetic applications. It acts as a psychoactive stimulant, increasing cognition and awareness while suppressing fatigue. Caffeine is being widely utilised in the food, pharmaceutic, and cosmetics industries due to its multifaceted properties. It is an alkaloid of interest for the pharmaceutical industry because of its stimulating properties on the nervous and cardiovascular systems .It acts as a psychoactive stimulant, increasing cognition and awareness.

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Coffee bioactive, caffeine, hair growth and hair loss, Coffea arabica, skin penetration, cosmetics

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The conventional retail billing system involves manual barcode scanning and long queues, resulting in time delays and customer dissatisfaction. This paper presents a Smart Billing Automation Trolley that integrates embedded systems and IoT for real-time billing. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, barcode scanner, and load cell sensor to identify products and verify them using weight measurement. The scanned product information is displayed on an LCD screen, and the bill is updated in real time. A QR code and SMS-based payment system ensures a fast and secure checkout process. The system significantly reduces billing time and improves accuracy, providing a user-friendly and efficient shopping experience.

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Smart Trolley, Barcode Scanner, Embedded Systems, IoT, Automated Billing, Retail System

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The present article titled "A Study on the Psychosocial Problems Faced by Family Members of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury" aims to examine the psychological and social challenges experienced by family members caring for individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a life-altering condition that not only affects the individual but also places a significant burden on family members who assume caregiving responsibilities. The study focuses on understanding various issues such as stress, anxiety, emotional burden, financial strain, social isolation, and coping strategies among caregivers. A descriptive research design was adopted to study the existing conditions without any manipulation. The universe of the study includes family members of persons with spinal cord injury, and a total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was gathered from books, journals, and online sources. A pilot study and pre-test were conducted to ensure the reliability and clarity of the research tool. The findings indicate that family members experience high levels of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, and financial difficulties, along with limited support systems. The study highlights the need for counselling services, rehabilitation support, and community-based interventions to improve the well-being of caregivers.

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psychosocial problems, spinal cord injury, care givers problems

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Software testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality, reliability, and performance of modern software applications. Traditional testing tools, such as Selenium, rely heavily on predefined scripts and manual intervention, which often leads to increased maintenance effort, longer execution time, and limited adaptability to dynamic application changes. These limitations become more significant as software systems grow in complexity and scale. To address these challenges, AI-based testing approaches have emerged as a promising solution. AI-driven tools like Testim utilize machine learning algorithms and intelligent automation to enhance testing processes. These tools are capable of automatically generating test cases, adapting to user interface changes through self-healing mechanisms, and predicting potential defects based on historical data. This research presents a comparative performance evaluation of traditional testing tools and AI-based testing approaches. The study employs a structured methodology involving controlled experiments and analysis of key performance metrics such as execution time, defect detection rate, and maintenance effort. The results indicate that AI-based testing significantly improves efficiency, reduces manual intervention, and enhances overall testing accuracy. The findings suggest that integrating AI into software testing processes can lead to more scalable, reliable, and efficient testing solutions, making it a valuable approach for modern software development environments.

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Software Testing, Traditional Testing, AI-Based Testing, Machine Learning, Test Automation, Selenium, Testim, Defect Detection, Performance Evaluation, Test Efficiency

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This paper presents an intelligent attendance system using RFID and face recognition to improve security and prevent proxy attendance. The system verifies user identity through RFID authentication followed by facial recognition using OpenCV. Attendance is recorded only when both credentials match the stored database. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for educational institutions and office environments.

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RFID, Face Recognition, Biometric Authentication, Access Control

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In this paper, the reconfigurations of landscape in Northeast Indian narratives have been explored using the specific work A Lunatic in My Head by Anjum Hasan. Eschewing traditional concept of landscape as visual setting, the paper contends that space in the novel works as a narrative agency that dominates the emotional life, identity formation, and stagnation of social life. Located in Shillong, the text does not depict an exotic or idyllic locality but rather a psychologically dense and politically marginal urban zone of inertia, decay, and unfulfilled aspirations. A spatial reading of the novel, the paper delves into how the outer physical space reflects inner disruption, alienation, and waiting that is experienced by the youth and the women characters. Placing the narrative into the context of the postcolonial spatial theory, the research points to the idea of landscape as a tool of soft social criticism, which mirrors the greater issues of marginality and regional invisibility in Indian discourse. Finally, the paper shows how landscape becomes a silent but mighty protagonist in the fiction of Hasan organizing the narrative meaning and postcolonial identity.

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Landscape, Northeast India, Spatial Narrative, Postcolonial Identity, Marginality, Shillong, Emotional Geography

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Identity is an essential aspect of human existence, signifying each person's ongoing quest to discover their identity and place in the world. This concept of self is not created in a vacuum; rather, it is a complicated construct shaped by our connections, memories, and individual experiences. However, the process of creating a secure identity becomes difficult for someone who harbors terrible memories from the past. Nomi, the main character in Anuradha Roy's book Sleeping on Jupiter, personifies this quest for identity. Nomi sets off on a voyage that is purportedly for her profession as a documentary filmmaker by going back to the temple town of Jarmuli, but it is actually a profound encounter with a past she had long.By returning to the temple town of Jarmuli, Nomi embarks on a journey that is ostensibly for her work as a documentary filmmaker but is, in reality, a deep confrontation with a history she had long tried to escape.

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Memory as a Catalyst for Self-Discovery

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ABSTRACT This study looked at public library funding: problems and solutions. Four (4) distinct goals serve as the paper's compass. In addition to defining public libraries, the study contrasted them with other kinds of libraries. The topic of public library funding was also covered. Other funding options for public libraries were also discovered and discussed in the study. As a result, the study suggested that: In order to make it easier for the public to obtain information resources, public libraries should have sufficient funding. Information and communication technology proficiency should be a top priority for public library staff. Alternative methods of raising money for public libraries should be connected to the management of public libraries.

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Keywords: Public Libraries, Concept of Funding, Issues and Way Forward for Public Libraries, Need for Funding Public Libraries, Alternative Funding for public Libraries,

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This paper explores the evolution of Gothic literature from its eighteenth-century origins to its modern adaptations. Beginning with Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764), the study traces the genre's defining motifs--haunted castles, supernatural phenomena, psychological terror, and the sublime--and examines how authors such as Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Lewis, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, and Bram Stoker shaped its trajectory. Gothic literature is shown to be more than escapist fiction; it reflects cultural anxieties about religion, science, gender, and politics while dramatizing the tension between reason and imagination. The paper also highlights the Gothic's enduring legacy in architecture, art, cinema, and contemporary fiction, demonstrating its adaptability and cultural resonance across centuries.

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Gothic Literature, Psychological Terror, Sublime, Supernatural.

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Cross-border payment systems are a fundamental component of international trade, remittance transfers, and global financial operations. Traditional international payment methods involve multiple intermediaries, resulting in high transaction costs, delays, and operational inefficiencies. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative financial innovation capable of addressing these limitations by offering decentralized, transparent, and secure transaction mechanisms. This study examines the impact of blockchain adoption on reducing transaction costs and improving transaction efficiency in cross-border payments using secondary data collected from published reports, banking studies, and financial institution records. The analysis compares conventional payment systems with blockchain-based payment frameworks across dimensions such as transaction cost, processing speed, transparency, and security. The findings indicate that blockchain significantly reduces operational expenses and settlement time while enhancing transactional accuracy and transparency. The study concludes that blockchain technology has substantial potential to reshape the future of international financial transactions.

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Blockchain, Cross-border Payments, Transaction Efficiency, Cost Reduction, Financial Technology, International Transactions

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart spirometer for real-time respiratory health monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning techniques. The system employs a differential pressure-based sensing mechanism to measure airflow and estimate key lung function parameters such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). An ESP32 microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, and wireless transmission of results to a mobile application for remote monitoring. To ensure reliable measurements, both hardware-level filtering and software-based signal processing methods are incorporated to reduce noise and improve stability. The calculated spirometric parameters are further utilized in a supervised machine learning framework, where clinically referenced threshold-based labeling is applied to generate structured training data. The trained model classifies respiratory conditions into normal and abnormal categories based on learned patterns. The proposed system provides a portable, low-cost, and user-friendly solution for continuous respiratory assessment and preliminary screening of conditions such as COPD and asthma. While the classification is guided by clinically established thresholds, the system demonstrates the integration of IoT and machine learning for accessible healthcare monitoring.

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Smart Spirometer, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32 Microcontroller, Differential Pressure Sensor, Lung Function Monitoring, Machine Learning, Respiratory Disease Detection, Respiratory Health Monitoring, Embedded Systems, COPD.

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Looking at how poems from specific areas matter when shared through wider languages helps spread understanding about world problems. Trouble shows up suddenly, growing fast until people cannot manage it anymore. Pandemic outbreaks, quakes, rising waters, conflicts, shifting weather patterns, political unrest, misuse of technology - each one forms part of what counts as crisis. Hard times do more than bring pain though they spark fresh thinking and creative voices often rise strongest right then. Attention turns here towards translating written work born in those moments. Poems, stories, reports, studies shaped by upheaval carry weight and moving them across languages opens doors. Not just specialists see value but ordinary readers connect too. Ideas travel further when words shift form but meaning stays alive even when tongues differ. Translators shape bridges others walk across and so words once local gain broader reach. Crises push people towards poetry, says the writer, who looks at two pieces he wrote in Kashmiri. One is called "Modern Insaan tae Mousam" the other "Corona Wobaa; Kaas waine Khodaya." When turned into English, these poems carry local feelings about climate shifts and the corona virus beyond their borders. Emotion meets thought in translation, opening space for wider conversation. The personal voice travels farther when words cross languages. Meaning spreads - not just facts - through this movement. What began in one tongue finds new life elsewhere. A private reflection becomes part of something larger simply by being shared differently.

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Birth of Poetic Insight During Crisis Times

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