Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Smart Traffic Management is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional fixed-timing traffic control methods. By employing a dynamic approach based on real-time vehicle density, the system optimizes traffic flow and reduces congestion, particularly during peak hours. Integrating advanced sensors and cameras strategically allows for accurate monitoring and comprehensive data analysis, enabling dynamic adjustment of traffic light timings. This responsive system not only enhances efficiency but also prioritizes emergency vehicle passage by seamlessly altering signal timings. The integration of camera technology provides real-time monitoring for informed decision-making, promising a more seamless commuting experience and improved emergency response in urban areas.

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Smart Traffic Management, Congestion, Camera-based traffic monitoring

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Digital payment methods are becoming more and more essential for routine activities like buying products from neighborhood small businesses. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that influence the use of digital payments by small retailers in Silchar Town, Assam, as well as the expenses and taxes related to the installation of these systems. While secondary data was gathered from websites and research reports, primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires. The study reveals that fifty percent of participants began accepting digital payments in their stores in less than three months, and thirty-eight percent did so in less than nine months. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of digitization for small retail firms. Even with government and financial institution initiatives to promote digitization, a significant portion of the population lacks basic digital literacy. Several suggestions are provided in the article's conclusion for motivating small retailers to accept and use digital payments.

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Digitalization, Digital Payment, Digital literacy, Retailer

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The-go beverage solutions. This project endeavors to revolutionize the tea-drinking experience by incorporating advanced technology and user-centric The Design and Manufacturing of Classic Brewer, a sophisticated tea vending machine, responds to the increasing demand for convenient on-design principles. The machine boasts multiple canisters for storing various tea ingredients, allowing users to personalize their tea preferences with precision and ease. With an intuitive touchscreen interface, users can navigate through a selection of tea options, adjust sweetness levels, and tailor the tea strength to their liking, ensuring a tailored experience for each user. Furthermore, this automated tea vending machine prioritizes hygiene and cleanliness through innovative features such as self-cleaning components and easily maintainable surfaces, meeting stringent health standards. Additionally, energy efficiency is a key focus, achieved through intelligent heating and standby modes, aligning with sustainability goals in operational practices. By merging technological innovation with user satisfaction and sustainability, this project aims to address both the practical aspects of automated tea preparation and the evolving expectations of consumers for a quick, customizable, and enjoyable tea-drinking experience across various settings

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Automated Tea wending machine .

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Background: Families are often the primary source of home care and support. It is therefore essential to ensure that they are in best of their health while carrying out their responsibilities. Clinical observation and early empirical research showed that assuming a caregiving role are stressful and burdensome. Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, lack of sleep is highly likely to be expected in them. Stroke is a very common cause of adult disability often leaving stroke survivors dependent on others. Much of this support comes from informal carers. Among stroke caregivers, mental health and social functioning have repeatedly been found to be the most severely compromised health-related quality of life domains. Past researches indicates that caring for a stroke survivors, especially the ones with disabling condition, places an undue strain on caregivers. Studies have found earlier that exercise has both physical and psychological effects. However, the heterogeneous nature of the exercise intervention trials makes determining the appropriate program variables (frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise) difficult. Most studies explored the benefit of aerobic exercise in depression and anxiety and included running, brisk walking, treadmill or stationary bicycle. Also most of these aerobic activities might not be possible to be carried out in home by all and difficult to be supervised. Diaphragmatic breathing have been shown to have a relaxing and stabilizing effect on the autonomic nervous system. So, its role in mental health as a physical therapy intervention is an area that needs to be further explored. Several studies indicate that breath controls used in various combinations could have beneficial effects on mental health and well-being of an individual. Whether they really play a significant positive role in regulating mental health or are more placebo in nature is something that needs to be seen. The Objective of the study was to find out the efficacy of controlled diaphragmatic breathing exercise as a simple and easy to practice mean in addressing the mental health issues of family caregivers of post stroke patients who probably suffers from and are susceptible to develop more advance mental health complications. Methods: A total of 200 subjects were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from family members serving as caregivers to post stroke patients residing in Kolkata and undergoing rehabilitation upon due recommendations. They were allotted in two groups (100 each) alternately. The intervention group underwent a supervised controlled diaphragmatic breathing exercise program at thrice a week for eight weeks. The control group has undergone baseline measurements and were allowed to carry on their normal life without any recommendations. At the end of 8 weeks outcome measures were further evaluated for every subject and analyzed statistically. Outcome measures included Karolinska Sleepiness Scale for sleep, Beck Depression inventory for depression, Beck Anxiety inventory for anxiety, Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) to measure both positive and negative affect. Abbreviated Profile of mood state (POMS) to assess the mood. Results: The intervention group showed significant difference (p<0.01) in the outcome measures in comparison to their baseline values whereas there were no significant differences in the outcome measures of control group in comparison to baseline. Conclusion: This study shows that controlled diaphragmatic breathing has significant positive and beneficial effects on the mental health of family caregivers of post stroke patients.

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Family Caregiver, Mental health, Breathing exercise

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"Cirrhosis" is a morphologic term that has been used for almost 200 years to denote the end stage of a variety of chronic liver diseases. The term implies a condition with adverse prognosis due to the well-known complications of portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure The study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of Ziziphus mauritiana roots against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. The research involved administrating different doses of the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to assess its efficacy in mitigating hepatic damage. Results showed significant improvements in liver enzyme levels, total protein, and bilirubin levels, indicating a protective effect. Histological analysis further confirmed the restoration of liver architecture in treated groups. The hepatoprotective properties are attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the extract, particularly flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing activities. The findings suggest that Ziziphus mauritiana root extract holds potential as a natural remedy for liver damage, warranting further investigation to elucidate the exact mechanisms and active compounds involved.

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Hepatoprotective activity, Ziziphus mauritiana, Silymarin, Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4),Oxidative stress, Liver regeneration.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which can lead to various microvascular and macrovascular complications. The present study investigated the antidiabetic potential of a combined extract of Althaea officinalis and Thespesia populnea (AOTPE) in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extraction yield of the AOTPE was found to be 25.6% w/w, and phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic acids, sterols, and tannins. The AOTPE was evaluated for its effects on body weight, oral glucose tolerance, blood glucose levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The results showed that the AOTPE at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited a protective effect on body weight, improved glucose tolerance, reduced blood glucose levels, and lowered HbA1c levels compared to the positive control group. These findings suggest that the AOTPE possesses potent antidiabetic properties and could be a promising therapeutic option for the management of diabetes and its associated complications.

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Diabetes mellitus, Althaea officinalis, Thespesia populnea, Antidiabetic activity, Alloxan-induced diabetes, Phytochemicals, Glucose tolerance, Blood glucose levels.

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Bauhinia racemosa, also known as 'Aapta' and belonging to the Fabaceae family, is widely utilized in traditional medicine for managing diabetes mellitus. In this study, the Ethanolic extract of Bauhinia racemosa roots (EEBR) underwent phytochemical analysis and was assessed for its potential antidiabetic effects on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Both EEBR (at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (administered at 0.5 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats induced with alloxan (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Notably, EEBR at the 400 mg/kg dosage exhibited a significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose levels. Preliminary phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins as the major constituents in the ethanolic extract. These findings strongly suggest that EEBR, particularly at the 400 mg/kg dose, possesses antihyperglycemic properties in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

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Diabetes mellitus, Bauhinia racemosa, Roots, Alloxan, Glibenclamide, Blood Glucose Level, Alloxan-induced diabetes, Phytochemicals, Glucose tolerance, Ethanolic extract of bauhinia racemosa root, Blood glucose levels.

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This research addresses the burgeoning challenges in Cloud computing security through the proposition of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) driven by Machine Learning (ML). Conducting a comprehensive literature review, the study elucidates the multifaceted landscape of security concerns in Cloud computing, spanning trust issues to sophisticated attack vectors. The proposed IDS integrates diverse ML algorithms, including Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks, strategically applied for effective intrusion detection in the Cloud. A mathematical foundation is established for the Support Vector Machine algorithm, showcasing its potential in threat detection through binary classification. The research delineates hardware and software requirements, emphasizing scalability and compatibility with prevalent ML frameworks. Despite the promising advantages such as enhanced threat detection and minimized false positives/negatives, the study transparently discusses inherent limitations, encompassing data quality challenges, susceptibility to adversarial attacks, resource intensiveness of ML models, privacy concerns, and integration challenges in dynamic cloud environments. The paper concludes by highlighting the increasing popularity of Cloud computing and the imperative role of ML in addressing security issues, supported by a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzing 63 relevant studies, categorizing results into Cloud security threat types, ML techniques, and performance outcomes, thus contributing valuable insights for future research and development in this domain.

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Intrusion Detection System, Support Vector Machine, Regularization Parameter in SVM, Operating System, Artificial Intelligence, Secure Sockets Layer, Data Driven Insights, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network

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Obesity is a global epidemic with far-reaching health consequences, driving the need for effective treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the antiobesity potential of Salvia Splendens, a medicinal plant, through comprehensive phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluation. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and cardiac glycosides, which have been associated with various health benefits. The pharmacological evaluation in a high-fat diet-induced obese rat model demonstrated that the methanolic extract of Salvia Splendens (MESS) significantly reduced body weight, improved blood lipid profiles, and exhibited protective effects on the liver, compared to the positive control group. The findings suggest that Salvia Splendens possesses multifaceted therapeutic potential in the management of obesity and related metabolic disorders, warranting further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore its clinical applications.

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Obesity, Global epidemic, Health consequences, Effective treatment options, Salvia Splendens, Medicinal plant, Antiobesity potential.

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This paper explores the complex relationship between literature and cinema, focusing on the challenges and successes of translating literary works to film. While literary works offer a treasure trove of compelling stories, characters, and established worlds, transforming them into a visual medium presents a unique set of obstacles. The essay delves into these challenges, including capturing the internal world of characters, sacrificing detail and nuance, adapting the language of literature to a visual medium, and maintaining narrative flow within the constraints of film. The paper also examines the "interpretation quandary" faced by filmmakers, balancing their artistic vision with respect for the source material and audience expectations. Through specific examples, the analysis demonstrates how adaptations can struggle to capture the full depth of a novel or deviate significantly from reader expectations. However, the essay doesn't solely focus on the difficulties. It explores the potential for successful adaptations that manage to capture the essence of the original work while offering a fresh cinematic experience. Highlighting the creative use of visuals, sound design, and editing, the paper showcases how filmmakers can translate complex narratives for the screen. Ultimately, the essay argues that cinematic adaptations, despite their inherent challenges, can be a powerful medium for bringing literary works to life and fostering appreciation for both forms of storytelling.

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cinema, filmmaking, literature, cinematic adaptations

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Among all the natural resources, water is without a doubt the most significant. Dairy sector effluent is one of the main sources of pollution in the environment. During several phases of processing, the dairy sector is one of the largest consumers of water. This method generates wastewater with high pH, BOD, COD, and turbidity levels. About three liters of wastewater are produced for every liter of processed milk in the dairy industry, which requires enormous amounts of water to turn raw milk into dairy products. The usefulness of natural coagulants, namely sawdust, fenugreek powder, custard apple powder, neem leaf powder, and Moringa oleifera seeds, for the remediation of dairy wastewater, is investigated in this work in light of the increased emphasis on sustainable wastewater treatment.

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Fenugreek, Neem Leaves, pH, Turbidity, COD

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Cloud storage is one of the leading options to store massive data, however, the centralized storage approach of cloud computing is not secure. On the other hand, Blockchain is a decentralized cloud storage system that ensures data security. Any computing node connected to the internet can join and form peers network thereby maximizing resource utilization. Blockchain is a distributed peer to peer system where each node in the network stores a copy of blockchain thus making it immutable. In the proposed system, the user's file is encrypted and stored across multiple peers in the network using the IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) protocol. IPFS creates hash value. The hash value indicates the path of the file and is stored in the blockchain. This paper focuses on decentralized secure data storage, high availability of data, and efficient utilization of storage resources.

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blockchain , massive

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The aim presence study was to formulate and evaluate Physical Sunscreen by the turmeric Powder sandalwood powder exrtract successively with ethanol in Soxhelt's appratus and Carrot oil is used. Sunscreen cream where formulated by ethanolic extract and tested Physiochemical parameters such as colour, Odour ,texture, spreadability, pH, viscosity, Homogeneity and appearance, drug content and patch test for irritancy respectively. SPF of The formulation determined by Economic Testing & Research Laboratory Govt. Approved Lab & ISO-9001 Certified. The Sunscreen containing ethanolic extract od turmeric powder sandalwood, carrot Oil, titanium di oxide, under study drug content at wavelength of 254 nm observed and SPF 21 Which is normal. So we can positively conclude that our sunscreen significantly contribute in Preparation of cosmetic formulation which could prevent skin with harmful effect of Ultraviolet radiation it also help in broadening the UV protection ability of the sunscreen Along with the greatest advantage of avoiding the adverse and undesired effect of synthetic And chemical sunscreen compound .

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Turmeric Powder , Sandalwood Powder , Carrot Oil , Titanium Dioxide , Sun Protection Factor (SPF) , Bees Wax .

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Hospital Management Systems (HMS) are vital tools for healthcare institutions, optimizing patient care, administrative efficiency, and financial management. This abstract briefly outlines the core functions of HMS, including Electronic Health Records (EHR), appointment scheduling, billing, and clinical decision support. HMS ensures data security, fosters interoperability, and contributes to improved healthcare delivery. This comprehensive system tackles the intricacies and challenges encountered in the healthcare sector by offering an integrated platform that optimizes patient care, administrative processes, and resource allocation.

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Electronic Health Records (EHR), Data security, Medication, User authentication.

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The objective of the paper is to study the Spirituality Podcast viewing habits among young adults. Quantitative research methodology was adopted for the study in which survey method was used. A total sample size of 180 participants of age group 15-29 years including both male and female were recruited for the study. The participants were further classified based on their educational background, including those who are not working, early working professionals, college students, and school students. The sampling technique used was stratified sampling method. A questionnaire was developed and circulated to inquire about spirituality podcast viewing habits and its effects. Findings reveal a significant engagement with spirituality podcasts, with over 71% of respondents listening at least once a week, predominantly through platforms like YouTube and Spotify. The majority of listeners prefer shorter durations of podcasts, with personal growth and self-discovery cited as the primary motivation. While over half of the respondents have integrated teachings from these podcasts into their daily lives, impacts on academic/work performance are perceived as minimal by most. However, a notable proportion credits spirituality podcasts with fostering deeper connections and empathy in relationships, albeit with mixed effects observed.

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Keywords: Spirituality, Podcast, stratified sampling, quantitative research, survey, viewing habits

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Some Respondent make careless responses due to the satisfying,'' which is an attempt to complete a questionnaire as snappily and fluently as possible. To gain results that are fact, detecting satisfying and banning the responses with satisfying from the analysis targets are needed. One of the cooked styles is satisfying by adding questions that check violations of instructions and inconsistencies. Still, this approach may lead them to lose their provocation and prompt them to be satisfied. Also, a deep literacy model that automatically answers these questions was reported. This threatens the trust ability of the conventional system. To detect careless responses. This research work developed an answering recording Survey, an online questionnaire system used all over the world. This will be adding set of Questions in the survey, When the users start to attend the survey by the method Gaze tracking it is of Eye Ball tracking it Capture the Eye movement while attending the Survey and Machine Learning is Monitors the respondent reaction and Movement. All the responses and reaction are recorded. To detect careless responses without inserting such screening questions, Gaze tracking using data obtained from answer results was attempted. Evaluating by cross-validation demonstrated that the detection rate for careless responses was 95.9%.

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Gaze Tracking, Response time analysis, eye ball tracking.

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In industry the general caters the overall range of products to fulfill the market needs. To overcome the ever-increasing production demands the industry implies various techniques. As per the company's current requirement they need a technique for drilling two holes on a Railway Pinion so as to increase the production, improve the quality of product and reduce the operation time. This research aims to design the Jig and Fixture. 3D model of the components is made using CATIA V5-R21 software. The components which undergo specific deformation and stresses are studied using software Hyper Mesh 13.0. The design drawings of each part are created by using AutoCAD software. According to the dimensions, all the parts are manufactured and assembled to test its performance.

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Design, Drill Jig, Static Structural Analysis, Stress, Deformation, Railway Pinion

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The study was conducted to explore the comparison of occupational stress and job satisfaction Gender (male-female), area (urban -rural) and Types of job (government-private) the study was conducted in Varanasi (U.P) the data were collected from 120 school teachers. Occupational stress index by Dr. A. K. Srivastava & Dr. A.P. Singh and job satisfaction by Dr. Amar Singh & Dr. T. R. Sharma were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by using analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The main conclusion is that the effect of area, Gender and Types of job found on occupational stress and job satisfaction. Higher differences are found in between Area (Rural- Urban) OSI and JSS.

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Occupational stress, job satisfaction, rural- urban, government-private employee

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**Abstract** This dissertation, authored by Dr. Preet Singh, a research scholar at the Department of Law, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, provides an in-depth analysis of legal aid in India, examining its various kinds and the overarching framework within which it operates. Legal aid is a vital mechanism for ensuring access to justice, particularly for economically and socially disadvantaged individuals. This research is structured into several key chapters, starting with an introduction that outlines the fundamental concept and significance of legal aid. The scope of legal aid is then discussed, followed by an exploration of its general meaning, content, and extent. The dissertation delves into the specific kinds of legal aid available within the Indian legal system, categorizing them into pre-litigation and post-litigation services. Pre-litigation legal aid focuses on prevention and includes activities like legal education, counselling, and awareness, aiming to reduce the burden on courts and provide timely justice. Post-litigation legal aid, on the other hand, involves support during and after legal proceedings to ensure fair representation and access to necessary resources. The dissertation also highlights the roles of various legal frameworks, including the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) and its initiatives to provide free legal services. The conclusion synthesizes the findings and offers suggestions for improving the delivery and effectiveness of legal aid in India. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of legal aid in maintaining the rule of law and promoting social justice in a democratic society.

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Legal Aid , Indian Legal System, Pre-Litigation Services, Post-Litigation Services, NALSA (National Legal Services Authority)

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Skill education in India is experiencing a paradigm shift in Indian scenario and to equip individuals with practical skills that align with the demands of a rapidly evolving job market. With rapid technological advancements and evolving industries, cultivating practical competencies has become essential. Collaborative efforts between academia and industry are fostering the development of industry-relevant curricula, apprenticeship programs, and internships. Growing importance of skill education in India responds to the evolving needs of the globalized, technology-driven economy. It is therefore, this study advocates strategic interventions to transform India's skill education by addressing existing gaps. It is concluded that the emphasis on enhancing employability, fostering innovation, and bridging urban-rural divides reflects a commitment to inclusivity and societal progress. It focuses on proposing key strategic implications to cultivate a responsive and dynamic skill development landscape, aligning with the nation's evolving socio-economic requirements for comprehensive and sustainable growth

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Make in India, Revolutionizing skill education, creativity and curiosity, Industry Insights and Expectations, productivity at workplace, career prospects, strategic Implications.

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