Volume 11 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Agriculture is an important business in order to meet the basic needs of food for the expanding global population. The global economy and human nutrition both depend on the growth of grains and vegetables. Many farmers grow in remote areas of the world and suffer large losses as a result of their reliance on manual monitoring of grains and vegetables and their lack of correct knowledge and disease detection. The use of digital farming methods could be an innovative solution to easily and quickly detect plant leaf diseases. In order to solve these issues, this research proposes a method for recognizing plant leaf illnesses and taking preventive action in the agricultural industry using image processing and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Leaf disease is a major threat to agricultural production and food security worldwide. Early detection and identification of leaf diseases can significantly reduce crop losses and improve crop yield. The use of deep learning in plant disease recognition can minimize the drawbacks associated with the artificial selection of disease spot features, make the extraction of plant disease features more objective, and accelerate the pace at which new technologies are developed. In this research paper, we propose a novel approach for leaf disease detection based on deep learning techniques. This research paper contributes to the development of effective and efficient methods for detecting and identifying leaf diseases, which can ultimately benefit farmers and help ensure global food security.

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Disease Detection, Feature Extraction, Image Processing, Deep Learning, CNN

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Over the one fifty years, various work have been on the coloring of graphs such as vertex coloring and edge coloring. The last fifty years total coloring of the graphs has been considered by various authors. In recent era, the total coloring have been extensively studied in different families of graphs. The splitting graph S(G) of a graph G is obtained from G, by taking a new vertex v' for every vertex v ? V (G) and joining v' to all vertices of G adjacent to v is called a splitting graph of G. In this paper, we discuss about the total coloring of splitting graphs of bistar, splitting graph of double crown graph and splitting graph of n-pan graph.

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Graph coloring, total coloring, bistar graph, double crown graph, n-pan graph, splitting graph

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Cosmetics are the substance used to alter the appearance or fragrances of the human body. Nowadays the demands for herbal cosmetics in the world market are growing and are inevitable gifts of nature. There is a wide range of herbal cosmetic products to satisfy the need of women. Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that apply colour, texture, and protection to the lips. Many varieties of lipstick exist as with most other types of makeup, lipstick is typically, but not exclusively, worn by women. This study aimed to extract dyes from the different plant and utilize them in the manufacture of cosmetics, especially lip color preparations. The research included material collection and plant determination, dye extraction and lipstick preparations made, safety tests. The objective of the present work is to extract the coloured pigments from herbal plant the formula for the preparation of lipstick and evaluate the prepared formulations.

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Lipstick, Dye Extraction, Herbal, Cosmetics.

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In this research, we examine current approaches and then suggest fresh approaches for predicting the stock market. We tackle the issue from three separate angles: fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and machine learning application. The weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis is supported by research showing that historical prices do not contain relevant information but that out-of-sample data may be predictive. News that is pertinent to any company listed on the stock market has an impact on future stock movement. We demonstrate how machine learning and fundamental analysis could be used to help investors make decisions. Techniques for machine learning come in handy here. Intelligent investors can use machine learning techniques to predict the behaviour of the stock market since they are aware that the examination of numerical time series produces accurate findings. Utilise the SVM algorithm to train the dataset and forecast the stock market.

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Machine Learning, SVM, Feature Extraction, Classification, Data Analytics, Stock Market, Decision Tree .

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 Abstract

An essential tool in airport security inspections, the X-ray image enhancement algorithm is used to increase the quality of X-ray pictures and find any potentially dangerous goods. By improving the quality and visibility of X-ray pictures using a variety of image processing techniques, the algorithm makes it simpler for security officers to recognise risky objects like explosives, weapons, and knives. The survey also shows that several algorithms have been created to improve the X-ray picture quality for airport security inspections. The local adaptive histogram equalisation technique is one such algorithm that has been demonstrated to enhance the quality of X-ray pictures and lessen the incidence of false alarms during security inspections. The survey also reveals the difficulties encountered while creating algorithms for X-ray image augmentation for airport security inspections. These difficulties include the requirement for precise and effective algorithms that can swiftly handle massive volumes of data as well as the requirement to protect passengers' privacy during security checks.

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X-Ray, Image Enhancement, CLAHE, MATLAB, Dangerous Goods

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Diaspora in the modern era can be defined as a group of people who migrated from their land of origin to another. Even as the diaspora suffer marginalization, women and the Queer suffer double marginalization as 'the other within the other.' Most diasporic studies focus on the issues of the entire community, with barely any emphasis on women. This has caused the expurgation of the suffering endured by migrant women. From their insufficient pay to their poor working and staying conditions, the state of women immigrant workers is horrifying. Indian women diasporic writers have tried to represent this invisibility through their works in recent times. This paper is an attempt to understand the erasure of the female diaspora in the Indian context, making an in-depth study of Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland, Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day, and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's The Unknown Errors of Our Lives. This study aims to understand how migrant women workers experience exclusion from within their own community. The invisibility and erasure of the female diaspora within the economy and the reasons that are associated with it are some of the main points of focus of this research. The study also focuses on how this invisibility of the female diaspora affects the migrant queer female individuals. The paradigm of this study is Sociological, Psychological, and Cultural primarily.

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Diaspora, Female Immigrant Workers, marginalization, Sociological, Psychological, Cultural, Economic

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Creating a caption for an image is the aim of the project. Making a description for an image is called photograph captioning. It demands an understanding of the crucial elements, as well as their traits and interrelationships. The elements of an image We can now develop models that can forecast the future since deep learning techniques have advanced and massive datasets and computer power are now readily available. Construct captions for a photo. This is what we did in our Python-based research using CNN (convolutional neural networks), a form of the neural network, and LSTM (long short-term memory), another type of neural network. combining many RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) classes to enable computer vision A photograph can be shown in the appropriate context by a computer after being recognized by that context.

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CNN, LSTM, RNN

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Human activity recognition plays a significant role in human-to- human interaction and interpersonal relations. The human ability to recognize another person's activities is one of the main subjects of study of the scientific areas of computer vision and machine learning. With the advent of miniaturized sensing technology, which can be body-worn, it is now possible to collect and store data on different aspects of human movement under the conditions of free living. This technology has the potential to be used in automated activity profiling systems which produce a continuous record of activity pat-terns over extended periods of time. Such activity profiling systems are dependent on classification algorithms which can effectively interpret body-worn sensor data and identify different activities. This article reviews the different techniques which have been used to classify normal activities and/or identify falls from body-worn sensor data. The review is structured according to the different analytical techniques and illustrates the variety of approaches which have previously been applied in this field. Although significant progress has been made in this important area, there is still significant scope for further work, particularly in the application of advanced classification techniques to problems involving many different activities.

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Deep Learning, Logistic Regression, Activity Recogniton, Neural Network

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The primary focus of Plastic Eco-Redeemer vending machine is the collection process of plastic water bottles and using mobile applications for giving away rewards. It is a technique that may be used to boost the rate of recycling. It can also be a responsible technique to lessen the plastic waste such as water bottle that are discarded without knowledge the plastic waste can be recycled. This device can be set up in numerous areas including railway station, bus stops, airports, and other public spaces. Plastic bottles are significant source of waste Recycling may reduce the amount of plastic water bottles thrown to trash or landfills. In addition of helping to decrease the plastic waste. It also helps to decrease energy usage and greenhouse gases emission. It also assists to generate employment We can save several resources such as oil & gas by recycling plastic Waste. The machine works by operating Using QR code scanner and inserting water bottle into the vending machine. This process is very user friendly and simple in front end and back end. Initial calculations are performed in the mobile application and the weight and exchange price will be displayed.

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- Eco Redeemer, vending machine, Mobile application, Plastic bottles, Recycling, QR code, Employment, Frontend, Back end, Weight, Process. Exchange price.

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To make sure the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicines used in national medicine in the region and elsewhere in the world, So provide research methods to assess the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines for members to develop their own methods for researching herbal medicine and also to facilitate the exchange of research and other information to maintain a large database of evidence on the uses of Herbalism. In India, more than 70% of the population uses herbal medicine for health. India has one of the wealthy botanical traditions in the world. About 25,000 potent herbal formulations are used in traditional medicine and are widely known in rural communities in India. This is more than 1.5 million practitioners of traditional medicine who use medicinal plants for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. It is estimated that India has more than 7,800 pharmaceutical manufacturing companies consuming around 2,000 tonnes of medicinal herbs per year, and India's share in herbal exports is US$63 billion, accounting for only 0.2% of the global herbal market.

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Safety, Efficacy, Herbal medicines, WHO & ICH Guidelines, Valerian Drug.

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Inqilab (1955) is the most important work of fiction by K.A. Abbas. It depicts the struggle for freedom between the Jalianwallah Bagh massacre and the Gandhi-Irwin pact. Although it shows the forces of imperialism exercising control over the situation but the rise of democratic and revolution forces is also properly demonstrated. The rising up of different sections of society against the colonial rule and their strength is a source of hope for Indian people. The novel describes non-violent agitations, peasant movement, trade union activities and activities of revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Gandhi, Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and Subhas Chandra Bose and many other national leaders appear as living characters in this novel. The characters of fiction interact with these real historical figures and a live dialogue is established communicating to the readers the very spirit of the freedom struggle of India. Their commitment, their devotion, their courage and the spirit of sacrifice fill up the reader's heart with excitement. Most important is the participation of the common people in the movements, Non-cooperation, Khilafat movement, use of indigenous clothes, discarding government's educational and administrative machinery etc. were the ways through which millions of people participated in struggle for freedom. Abbas describes the famous Bardoli Peasant's movements.

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Inqilab, Bardoli, Bhagat Singh, Gandhi,

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Start-up Achiever is a blockchain-based crowdfunding platform that connects investors directly to start-ups without the use of a middleman. It eliminates centralized authority systems and payment transfer between two parties to make the entire process more decentralized. It enables any start-up to raise money by allowing them to upload their pitches and develop smart contracts that allow contributors to govern the money invested and project creators and investors to efficiently raise and reserve financing.

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Fundraising, Blockchain, Startup, Transaction,Smart Contract, Crypto Currency

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 Abstract

इस शोधपत्र में शोधार्थी ने सामाजिक नवाचार के जुड़ाव के साथ ग्रामीण उद्यमिता की संकल्पना को कुछ विद्वानों के नवीन कार्यों के माध्यम से समझाने का प्रयास किया है कि किस प्रकार ग्रामीण उद्यमिता विभिन्न कारकों से प्रभावित होती हुई समय के साथ ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों का मार्ग विकास की ओर उन्मुख करती है। सामाजिक नवाचार, ग्रामीण उद्यमिता और विकास के बीच सम्बन्ध स्थापित करते हुए स्कॉटलैंड, पुर्तगाल, आयरलैंड तथा नार्डिक देशों का अध्ययन किया गया। ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में नवाचारों के बारे में बात करते हुए इससे सम्बन्धित नवीन अवधारणाओं पर भी चर्चा की गई है। शोधार्थी ने कुछ चुनिंदा शोधकार्यों को आधार बनाते हुए ग्रामीण उद्यमिता को ग्रामीण विकास की कुंजी के रूप में प्रस्तुत करते हुए इससे होने वाले लाभों का भी जिक्र किया है। यह अध्ययन किसी भी प्रशासनिक स्तर पर ग्रामीण उद्यमिता के महत्व को बताने में सक्षम होगा।

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कुंजी शब्द- ग्रामीण उद्यमिता, ग्रामीण विकास, सामाजिक नवाचार, ग्रामीण नवाचार, ग्रामीण रोजगार, ग्रामीण उद्यमी, उद्यमशीलता ।

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Climate change has become one of the most emerging issues of current time, with devastating consequences that are already being felt around the world. Climate disasters such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and wildfires have become more frequent and severe, causing significant damage to infrastructure, property, and human life. In this research paper, we explore the impacts of climate disasters and the strategies that can be used to mitigate their effects. We examine the causes of climate change, the key indicators of its impacts, and the ways in which climate disasters are affecting different regions of the world. We also analyse the potential solutions to climate change, including mitigation and adaptation strategies, and discuss the role of governments, businesses, and individuals in addressing this global crisis.

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Natural calamities, Droughts, Human activities and Global crisis.

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Large-scale public opinion campaigns and internet portals that encourage people to customize content result in a lot of duplicate papers, which raises processing and storage costs but is rarely a severe issue. Duplicate papers are frequently found in media collections. While writers may make small changes to previous articles by adding new information or making minor corrections, editors often modify verified articles to suit print editions or include local context. These practices contribute to the presence of duplicated content within media collections. Since great precision is required for real-time applications, it is vital to eliminate nearly identical documents from collections. To identify duplicate articles, we suggested a system that uses the hashing technique along with a hash index and similarity. Nowadays, due to the rapid development of electronic media and the large number of articles created online, duplication detection is required. Additionally, there is a clear connection between plagiarism in article content and the duplication of articles. Newspaper articles have been the subject of most of the previous research on duplicate detection. Further research has been done on finding duplicate content in the most recent internet articles. The proposed system will concentrate on finding duplicate articles. The fingerprinting approach and hash index are used in our suggested system to find duplicate articles. To validate our proposed approach, 'Verifyr' tool is meant to crawl huge number of articles data for detection. Moreover, it will apply our approach to detect plagiarism articles based on our duplication results in future. Further with the help of tool, it will try to conduct an empirical study and summarize a few of most used plagiarism patterns in plagiarism articles.

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Duplicate detection, articles, plagiarism detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

सारांश वर्तमान में, स्कूल छोड़ने वालों और स्कूल के वातावरण पर शोध के साथ कई अध्ययन किए गए हैं। इसके परिणामस्वरूप प्राथमिक विद्यालयों में ड्रॉपआउट दर को कम करने के लिए किए गए हस्तक्षेपों का सीमित प्रभाव पड़ा। छात्रों का ड्रॉपआउट किसी भी देश के लिए एक गंभीर समस्या है। छात्रों के ड्रॉप आउट का अर्थ है वित्तीय और व्यावहारिक कारणों से स्कूल छोड़ना और अपनी सामाजिक व्यवस्था और परीक्षा परिणामों से निराश होना। यह स्कूल के सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता होने के आधार पर केंद्रित है; स्कूल छोड़ने वालों को कम करना, संबंध बनाना, मूल्यांकन करना, बहु-विषयक टीमों के साथ काम करना, और बच्चों की उन कठिनाइयों को दूर करने में मदद करना जो उन्हें स्कूल में अच्छा प्रदर्शन करने से रोकते हैं। यह शोध पत्र स्कूल छोड़ने वाले कारकों को समझने पर आधारित है। यह पत्र गौतमबुद्ध नगर जिले में स्कूल छोड़ने वाले बच्चों की समस्या तथा शोध अंतराल को जानने और स्कूल छोड़ने वालों की समस्या पर सामाजिक कार्य अनुसंधान की आवश्यकता को समझने पर आधारित है। सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं को विशेष शिक्षा आवश्यकताओं से संबंधित निर्णय लेने में शामिल किया जाना चाहिए; अधिक अनुभवजन्य शोध किया जाना चाहिए, इस बारे में कि कैसे सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता विशेष जरूरतों से परिचित लोगों के रूप में, विशेष छात्रों की शिक्षा के लिए सकारात्मक परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिए हितधारकों के साथ प्रभावी ढंग से काम करना जारी रख सकते हैं।

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कुंजी शब्दः स्कूल छोड़ने वाले, स्कूली शिक्षा, सामाजिक कार्य, अनुसंधान क्षेत्र, ड्रॉपआउट कारक

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Landing gear is an aircraft or spacecraft's undercarriage that is used for both takeoff and landing. The landing gear shock absorber is an important part of an aircraft's landing gear. The shock absorber's role is to absorb and dissipate energy upon impact, allowing the forces imposed on the aircraft's frame to be tolerable. The shock absorber can be a separate component or integrated into the landing gear strut. The aircraft may land in a smooth or even a rough manner. The landing gear components must be strong enough to withstand the full force. The goal of this project is to create a landing gear that is also suitable for rough landings. The landing gear is modelled in catia v5 and the modelled component is analysed in Ansys to study its structural performance. The same characters are studied in order to compare the results obtained by both cases during the same landing conditions.

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR DURING ROUGH LANDING BY USING DIFFRENT LOADS

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In India, we can see in urban areas the use of non-renewable products like plastic bottles, have beenincreased, the main concern is how to recycle ordestroy. Disposable of such plastic bottles and othersubstances have become a major issue nowadays. Onlyone in a few plastic bottles are properly recycled. If wetalk about construction of houses then the cost ofconstruction materials are very expensive ifconstruction const are very high then definetly pricesof houses are also very high and for common peopleafford such house are not possible. So, solution of allthese problems are that how to use plastic bottles in asmart way, we can use plastic bottles instead of brick,cement in construction. Plastic bottles price compareto brick is very less. We can use it very easily withoutany other construction materials like brick, cement. Ithas very good compression strength. If we talk about people who are fulfill their dreams by giving themhome.

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USE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES AS A BRICK TO SAVE OUR ENVIRONMENT

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Phishing is a type of cyber-attack where a fraudulent message is sent by an attacker in order to deceive an individual into revealing sensitive information. The fraudulent message is often designed to mimic a legitimate website or organization, and the attacker can observe the victim's activity on the site. According to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Centre, phishing incidents have been recorded at more than twice the rate of any other type of computer crime. In 2022, phishing attacks were the most common type of attack carried out by cybercriminals. Phishing attacks peaked at an all-time high in 2021, with 300,000 attacks being registered in just one month (December), more than tripling from the previous two years. Our aim is to create a chrome extension to detect the Phishing websites and alert the user using machine learning and deep learning techniques whenever a user visits the website. The project aims to gather URLs from multiple sources, including UCI machine learning repository, Kaggle, Phish Tank, and Alexa URL. Whenever a user opens a website on his/her browser, the extension will work in the background. If the website is detected as phishing website, the user will be alerted with a pop-up box with an 'OK' button. If the website is not detected as phishing website, then no action will be taken. We have used various machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, etc.) along with Single Layer Perceptron to train the model. The train/test split rule for dataset were 80/20 respectively. The browser extension was written in JavaScript. The JavaScript file extracts features of URL such as browser popup, use of frames, shortening services, etc. and then applied the algorithm to detect whether the website is legitimate or not. The model was evaluated and on the basis of evaluation function such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1score.

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Phishing, Extension, URL, Random Forest, Feature extraction, Single Layer Perceptron

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Different from other religious traditions, da?na or giving in Buddhism has two kinds, namely, a?misada?na or material gift, and dhammada?na or spiritual gift. Through dhammada?na, the monastics have the opportunity to share the Buddha's teachings with others and the problems of the laity related to spiritual life could be solved in various ways. In early Buddhism, the Buddha advised his lay disciples to practice da?na as the first step of spiritual cultivation. He encouraged them to offer essential material needs to the noble and virtuous ones for getting much more merit. For the monastics, the Buddha emphasized the importance of sharing the Dhamma for the welfare and happiness of others. There is a fact that the mutual interaction between both communities plays a crucial role in the survival of Buddhism. Without the material support of the laity, the monastics can't concentrate on their spiritual cultivation. In the same manner, the laity seems to be hard to see the light of wisdom if lacking spiritual guidance taught by the monastics. A?misada?na and dhammada?na, therefore, become the marrow for the fulfillment of noble ideals in spiritual cultivation. With the emergence of Mah?y?na along with the ideal of Bodhisattvas, various new facets of da?na were added to Buddhism. It made the relationship between the monastics and laypeople closer, leading to a mutual and flexible exchange of the role and duties of both. Many monastic Bodhisattvas zealously participate in building stupas and monasteries, creating social charity associations, helping ones in need, and so on. Along with the sacred duty, that is, offering material gifts to the monastics, laypeople also strive for spiritual cultivation.

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da?na, a?misada?na, and dhammada?na

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