Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

This paper examines the role of Panchayati Raj institutions in empowering women and promoting gender equality in India. With a focus on the reservation of seats for women in local elected bodies, the paper explores how Panchayati Raj serves as a platform for women's political participation, leadership development, and advocacy for women's rights. Drawing on empirical evidence and case studies, the paper highlights the impact of women's representation in Panchayati Raj on governance outcomes, community development, and social transformation. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges and opportunities for enhancing women's empowerment within Panchayati Raj, including capacity-building initiatives, policy interventions, and support mechanisms. Through a comprehensive analysis of the intersection between women's empowerment and Panchayati Raj, this paper provides insights into strategies for fostering inclusive governance and advancing gender equality at the grassroots level.

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Women Empowerment and Panchayati Raj

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Education is key weapon of human resource development for tribals who have been detached of education for centuries. Lack of education is mostly responsible for starvation and pitiable situation of the tribals. The present study mainly focuses on the KORA (To dig the soil) communities and their educational status of Jhargram district of West Bengal. Primary data was collected through household survey, interviews and Secondary data was collected through books, journals, reports, internet etc.

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Education, Kora community, Jhargram

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Antibiotic resistance has become a threat to modern medicine and excessive use of antibiotics in humans, animals and agriculture are the reasons for this evolution resulted in the acceleration for natural process of antibiotic resistance by the bacteria and made them to tolerate. Antibiotics are given in chicken's feed regularly at farms, as they promote the weight of the chicken and to prevent the bacterial infections. Hence, the chickens reared by modern farming methods have become a potential source of antibiotic resistant bacteria and this was proved by isolation of resistant strains from feces of such chicken. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the antibiotic resistant bacteria from the poultry chicken rectal swab sample. A total of 25 chicken rectal swabs samples were collected, inoculated and incubated in peptone water. The bacterial isolates were subjected to primarily screening of antibiotic resistance from the spread plate of the samples. After screening, the resistance of all the isolates was noted and those isolates, which showed resistance against many antibiotics, was selected for confirmation of tolerance to high concentration antibiotic solution by well diffusion method. Then the antibiotic resistant isolate with tolerance to highest concentration of antibiotics was identified by molecular identification 16S rRNA sequencing and was found to be Klebsiella pneumonia with tolerance to 5mg concentration of amoxicillin and erythromycin antibiotics. This study was successful in isolating three drug resistant bacteria. In this analysis we found that 60 percent of the organisms isolated from the rectum of poultry chicken reared by modern methods using antibiotic treatment and feeds, were antibiotic resistance bacteria.

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Antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotic tolerance, bacterial isolation

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This paper represents the design project of the application of a stamping process. The stamping mechanism is controlled by PLC hence it can be implemented in small scale as well as big industries for faster operation and less labour requirement. Automatic stamping of object has received significant attention because automatic stamping is reliable and reproducible. This system uses Allen Bradley PLC, an integrated PLC with uploaded Ladder Logic Programming using Studio 5000 to control multiple machine operation for product sorting. Multiple machine operation of product includes Conveyor, start push button, stop push button, solenoid actuator, Inductive sensor. This current trend of stamping problems has made the small scale enterprises to lose large number of market share to the large scale manufacturing outfits. The need to make stamping process affordable, using easy to maintain machines and also complying to rood regulatory bodies necessitated the need for this work.

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PLC (Allen Bradley CompactLogix L24ER), Conveyor, Inductive sensor, Solenoid, Push Button.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in particular, are deep learning approaches that have gained a lot of attention recently because of their greater accuracy compared to traditional machine learning techniques that rely on features that are manually generated. Advancements in hardware capabilities, specifically in the utilization of graphics processing units (GPUs), greatly accelerate deep learning techniques' processing times. " Utilize the most recent advancements in deep learning techniques, such as CNN, combined with the availability of adequately sized flower datasets in this work to robustly address the flower categorization challenge. In order to identify distinct flower classes, our automatic system first recognizes the area surrounding a flower in an image. Then, using the cropped images, it trains a powerful CNN classifier named as ResNet (18, 50 and 101). Our reliable approach is assessed on several well-known flower datasets, and the findings indicate that the suggested method performs at a suitable classification accuracy (CA) in the Kaggle datasets.

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Residual, ResNet, CNN, Classification Accuracy

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This research paper aims at developing an effective system to implement in a library for the authentication of users, and efficient functioning of the system by integrating the concept of the use of smart systems viz the Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things to enhance the ease of use of the system by the users of the various services offered by the institutions. The mechanisms and components of the proposed system are as follows: The identification of the user is more secure by using fingerprint scanning technology while at the same time is more convenient. The system incorporates RFID technology that helps in keeping track of the books and their management. Furthermore, it also incorporates the appropriate AI as well as machine learning algorithms to recommend books to the readers with adequate personalization and analyzes the behavior of the user to augment the functionality of the library. There is also a system of utility that includes messaging where the users are notified on time about the book's availability, due date, and status on the book reservation. In the case of Raspberry Pi alongside displays and speakers alongside different additional showing parts, there is the existence of an efficient and smooth user-related interaction. This has been done by conducting numerous tests and most especially the feedback from the users as a result of extensive usage with a disclosure of an increase in the level of satisfaction of users and the general running of the library. Therefore, this work aims to attempt to define the conception and experience of the system application in connection with the potentialities of altering the conventional model of library functioning.

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Library Management System, Biometric Authentication, Fingerprint Scanner, RFID Technology, Artificial Intelligence, User Experience, Internet of Things (IoT), Raspberry Pi, SMS Notification System, Book Recommendation.

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The application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in metabolomics provides revolutionary possibilities for improving disease diagnostics and comprehending intricate biochemical processes. The study of small molecules in biological systems, known as metabolomics, gains from AI/ML's capacity to analyse enormous datasets and identify complex patterns and biomarkers. The main developments in AI-driven metabolomics are highlighted in this review, with particular emphasis on the use of ML models such as random forests, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks for disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery, as well as deep learning approaches for metabolite identification and multi-omics data integration. Even with this tremendous advancement, issues like population variability management, repeatability, and interpretability of models still need to be resolved. It is imperative that these problems are resolved in order to advance personalised medicine and realise dependable clinical metabolomics applications.

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Machine Learning, Metabolomics, Artificial Intelligence, Biomarker, Omics, Medicine

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This research undertakes a detailed analysis comparing Distil BERT3,4,5 and Llama 21,2 , emphasizing key aspects such as model design, size, training data, performance metrics, and practical applicability. DistilBERT3,4,5, a simplified version of BERT, prioritizes speed and efficiency, making it well suited for resource-constrained environments. On the other hand, Llama 21,2 ,part of Meta's LLaMA series of extensive language models, offers scalability and robust performance across various tasks. The examination reveals that DistilBERT3,4,5 excels in scenarios requiring quick response times and minimal memory usage, while Llama 21,2 outperforms in complex tasks demanding deep understanding and comprehensive contextual awareness. This comparative analysis aims to aid practitioners in choosing the most appropriate model for their specific requirements, highlighting the trade-offs between speed and accuracy. By providing an in-depth exploration of these models, this study contributes to the ongoing optimization of transformer-based architectures for diverse application scenarios.

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DistilBERT3,4,5 , Llama 21,2 , Transformer Models , Natural Language Processing (NLP) , Language Generation , AI Applications

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Adolescent suicide, Suicide intent

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Insurance sector in India governed by Insurance Act, 1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999 and other related Acts. With such a large population and the untapped market area of this population Insurance happens to be a very big opportunity in India. Today it stands as a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 per cent to the country's GDP .In spite of all this growth the statistics of the penetration of the insurance in the country is very poor. Nearly 80% of Indian populations are without Life insurance cover and the Health insurance. This is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is immense in India. The paper reviews the objectives, roles and functions of the three regulatory authorities Reserve Bank of India, Stock Exchange Board of India and Insurance Regulation & Development Authority in maintaining corporate governance in financial markets. The paper tries to review how the RBI regulates the money market, SEBI regulates the stock market and the IRDA regulates the insurance sector.

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Corporate Governance, Insurance, Stock Exchange, RBI, IRDA, SEBI, Financial Institutes.

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This study was conducted by the researcher because the researcher saw the low level of farmer welfare which is due to the absence of a good agricultural institutional system, such as in Lumajang Regency. Lumajang district has two rice farming areas that switched from non-organic to organic, namely Candipuro and Jatiroto sub-districts. The government focuses on providing interventions to rice farmer groups in these two sub-districts from nursery to sales. The focus of this research is to analyze the institutional system on the welfare of organic rice farmers in Lumajang district. This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The targets in this research are key informants, namely the Head of the Agriculture Office of Lumajang District and the Head of the Trade Office of Lumajang District. The main informants included the Director of PD Semeru, POKTAN/GAPOKTAN, and farmers. Additional informants included farm shops. The results of the study found that based on the rules of the game in the institutional system of organic rice farmers in Lumajang District, it can be said that it already has rules of the game as a guideline for the implementation of organic rice farmer management and problems due to disciplinary factors that are not implemented. In addition, the organizational system is still experiencing problems. The problem is not the implementation of the institutional decree that has been made, the sense of belonging to the organization from policy makers in the region and stakeholders, the participation of members in building institutions is still said to be minimal.

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farmer welfare, institutionalization

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Our study at Dhiraj General Hospital aims to analyze the histopathological spectrum of testicular lesions, encompassing both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Through examining age-wise distribution and clinical presentations, we seek to gain insights into the diverse manifestations of these lesions. Our abstract highlights the purpose of our research and outlines our approach to investigating testicular pathology, underscoring the significance of understanding the histopathological spectrum for better diagnosis and management.

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Testicular Lesions

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In today's modern era, humans suffer from many minor ailments, for which they often consume various allopathic medicines. These medicines are composed of many chemicals, which can be harmful if taken over a long period. Interestingly, many plants contain chemicals useful in diagnosing and treating diseases without these harmful side effects. The present review discusses some of these medicinally important plants.

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Allopathic medicines, plants, phytochemical analysis

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The word ' maintenance' isn't defined in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Chapter IX of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with provisions for maintenance of women, children and parents, essential conditions for granting maintenance , Procedure of maintenance , revision of the former order, Enforcement of order of maintenance etc. Section 125 of the law of criminal procedure provides that any person having sufficient means to maintain himself can not refuse the conservation to the woman,children, and parents if they're unfit to maintain themselves.After a party invoked Section 125 of the Code, the court may order the replier, that's the hubby, to give yearly conservation to his woman who's unfit to support herself. For the purpose of giving conservation to the woman, the hubby has to be sufficient enough to maintain his woman after the separation and at the same time, the woman mustn't be doing infidelity or living independently with her hubby without any sufficient reasons. Indeed if they live independently with collective concurrence, also also the woman won't be entitled to any type of conservation. Whenever a judgment passes in favor of the woman,the court must ensure that the husband has sufficient means to give conservation. The court is also needed to make sure that the woman after the separation doesn't have sufficient plutocrats to support herself.

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Maintenance , Disassociated woman, Section 125, Separation, Infidelity .

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Admission Chatbot is an AI-powered tool that simplifies the college or university admission process. The technology uses natural language processing to answer questions, provide guidance, and help students with admission. It can also provide personalized recommendations based on the student's academic profile and interests. An admission process chatbot can save time and effort of student allowing for a smoother and more efficient admission process. This tool has the potential to enhance the student experience and improve the overall efficiency of the admission process.

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chatbot, admission process, natural language processing, personalized recommendations, 24/7 availability, student experience, efficiency.

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The study examines the Human Resource Development (HRD) and analyses the HRD process in terms of employee's skill development, capacity building, career development and professional development. A total of 15 special libraries and 135 respondents considered for the study. The data was analysed using SPSS software. .The study reveals that Human Resource Planning a majority of respondents (63%) agree and strongly agree that their libraries make employee promotional decision, 57% of respondents agree and strongly agree that salary hike decisions based on the appraisal process, 54% respondents agree and strongly agree that their libraries make employee training assessments and on succession planning a majority of respondents 61% agree that their libraries do succession planning based on the appraisal process. 49% respondents agree that their libraries set employee goals based on the appraisal process.majority of respondents i.e. 59% said their libraries are providing very conducive working environment with good physical and infrastructural facilities to employees.A small number of respondents i.e. 27 respondents out of 135 total respondents said employer and employee relations in their libraries are poor. A large majority of respondents i.e. 67% respondents said Job security in their libraries is good. However Human Resource Development plays a crucial role in accessing library resources effectively. Human Resource Development significantly changed the special libraries environment in providing wide range of digital resources to the users and trust worthy information to the end users.

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Human Resources Development, HRD, HRD Process in Libraries, Performance appraisal, special libraries, Recruitment process,

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This research paper explores the synergistic integration of Operational Research (OR) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to enhance the analysis of decision-making procedures across diverse domains. Decision-making is a critical aspect of problem solving in various fields, and the combination of OR and ML offers a powerful framework for optimizing, automating, and gaining deeper insights into decision processes. This study delves into the methodologies, applications, and advantages of utilizing OR and ML in decision analysis, providing a comprehensive overview of how these two disciplines can complement each other. Through real-world case studies and practical examples, we illustrate the potential for improved decision-making, resource allocation, and efficiency in complex decision scenarios. By examining the intersection of OR and ML, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative potential of these methodologies in modern decision analysis. By consistently delving into and adjusting these approaches, we can anticipate a future where decision-making processes become more streamlined, precise, and adept at addressing the evolving challenges of our swiftly transforming world.

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Operational Research, Machine Learning, Decision-Making Procedures, Optimization, Automation, Decision Analysis, Resource Allocation.

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The most significant negative impact of social media is without doubt the abuse of social media. Cyberbullying appears to be even worse than traditional bullying because unlike paper records that other forms of bullying can create, records created online may remain online for a very long time, and, as it seems, there is stricter supervision. Thus, in this paper, for an efficient working mechanism, we introduce the BullyNet system that is required to recognize cyberbullies on social media pages of Twitter. Taking this bullying tendency into account, this paper aims to suggest the best method to measure a Cyberbullying Signed Network (SN). This means that the level of bullying in the tweets is determined and the tweets are properly aligned within the best possible context. Finally, the concept of centrality is included in the detection of cyberbullying in a cyberbully SN by our method and this concept shows that it is the best among the four concepts. In this work, we prove that this method helps with the identification of the culprits, where this method is adjusted for the identification of the local host of tweets with fairly good accuracy metrics and the number of messages is not as significant in this case.

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Cyberbullying, Malicious tweets, Signed network.

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This study investigates the impact of fashion trends and consumption patterns on the youth of Darjeeling, specifically focusing on women aged 16-24. Employing qualitative methodology, including case studies and telephone interviews, the research delves into how fashion influences social relations and peer group selection. The significance lies in understanding how fashion shapes social identity and interactions among youths. Analysis reveals that fashion trends serve as a means of self-expression and social belonging, with consumption patterns contributing to the construction of social identity. Findings highlight the role of in-groups and out-groups in fashion choices and social interactions, with peers exerting significant influence. The study underscores the importance of considering fashion as a social phenomenon that impacts youth culture and societal dynamics.

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Fashion Trends; Fashion Consumption; Consumption Pattern; Role of Fashion; Social Interaction; Social Identity; Peer Group Selection; Social Significance; Identity Construction; Symbolic Consumption; Brand Consciousness.

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Vitiligo is a ailment with complicated reasons and is a form of autoimmune ailment wherein the immune gadget objectives the frame's own pigment cells and tissues. Our intention is to give an overall view of the current remedies widely followed for the remedy of vitiligo. medical treatments target the immune gadget, and try to opposite the destruction. The aim is to repair the skin's color by using restoring healthful melanocytes to the affected vicinity. aside from melanocytes, vitiligo auto antigens seem additionally on different cells. even though antibodies to pigment cells aren't an agent of vitiligo, the most treasured contribution is that anti-melanocyte antibody reactivity can assist in figuring out relevant antigens. T cells from vitiligo pores and skin are exceptionally reactive towards cancer cells and function an powerful supply to treat cancer and stayaway answer for vitiligo. There were many remedies to remedy vitiligo consisting of use of steroid lotions, PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A mild), slender band UVB (ultraviolet B), diverse surgical strategies, vitamin D analogues and pseudo catalase. those remedies are subjected forum desired aspect outcomes while a few herbal and natural treatments act in opposition to the immune system without a side outcomes.

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PUVA (psoralen and ultraviolet A light),Narrow band UVB (ultraviolet B)Vitiligo, Autoimmune ailment, Immune system, Pigment cells, Melanocytes, Autoantigens.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition