Volume 11 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Hand washing is well recognized preventable tool in disease prevention. Handwashing is an increasingly significant issue. The relationship between handwashing and the spread of the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) is particularly important. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the role of hand hygiene in controlling disease and has created a unique opportunity to position it as an important public policy issue. For instance, WHO states that control of COVID-19 requires a "comprehensive package of preventive measures, which includes frequent hand hygiene". The aim was to assess the effecveness of of demonstration on hand washing technique among childrens 10-13 years of age at selected community areas of Indore. Data was collected from rural community area Asrawad . The study design used was one group pre-test, post-test design. 60 children 10-13 years of age were selected by convenient sampling technique. On the 1st day, predemonstration test was conducted by using modified observational checklist and demonstration of hand washing technique was administered. After 7 days post-demonstration test was conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result showed that the mean pre-demonstration value was 11 and mean post-demonstration value was 19.64. The paired t' test value was 1.64, (p<0.0001) showing a significant gain in the improvement of hand washing practice children 10-13 years of age. Chi-square test shows that there was a significant association of pre- demonstration practice score of children with class and religion. The study was concluded that the demonstration of hand washing technique was effective in improving the practices of children at home.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

M.P.: Madhyapradesh, H: Hypothesis, df: Degree of freedom

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a global health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. This abstract provides an overview of HIV and its available treatments. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily targets the immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells, leading to a progressive decline in the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. It is transmitted through certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, commonly through sexual intercourse, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of HIV treatment. ART consists of a combination of different antiretroviral drugs that inhibit various stages of the viral life cycle. These medications work by suppressing viral replication, reducing viral load, preserving immune function, and slowing down disease progression. There are several classes of antiretroviral drugs, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and entry inhibitors. Treatment regimens typically involve a combination of drugs from different classes to maximize effectiveness and minimize the risk of drug resistance. Early initiation of ART after HIV diagnosis is crucial for optimal outcomes. Treatment aims to achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load, which reduces the risk of HIV transmission and helps preserve the immune system. Regular monitoring of viral load and CD4+ cell count is essential to assess treatment response and make necessary adjustments. In addition to ART, other strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are available for HIV prevention. PrEP involves taking antiretroviral medications before potential exposure to HIV to reduce the risk of infection. PEP, on the other hand, involves taking a short course of antiretroviral drugs after a potential exposure to prevent HIV transmission. While significant progress has been made in HIV treatment, challenges remain. Adherence to lifelong treatment, potential side effects of medications, the emergence of drug resistance, and access to healthcare and medications are among the ongoing concerns. In conclusion, HIV remains a significant global health challenge, but with the availability of antiretroviral therapy, it is now a manageable chronic condition. Timely diagnosis, early initiation of ART, and consistent adherence to treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the impact of HIV on individuals and communities. Continued research, education, and access to affordable medications are essential for achieving the goal of ending the HIV epidemic.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Pre-exposure prophylaxis ,CD4

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents an assessment of the role of the circular economy in the solar energy system, with a particular focus on solar panel recycling, repairing, and refurbishing. The circular economy principles emphasize sustainability, resource efficiency, and waste reduction, aligning well with the goals of the solar energy sector. The assessment explores how the circular economy approach can contribute to resource conservation by promoting the use of renewable materials and designing solar panels for long lifespan and easy repair. Furthermore, it examines the importance of proper end-of-life management for solar panels, highlighting the value of recycling and recovering valuable materials to minimize environmental impact.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar energy system, Circular economy, Resource conversion, Recycling

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The oral drug delivery is preferred to be the most common and simple route of administration due to its usefulness and ease of ingestion but sometimes it is tricky if the drug is poorly soluble or poor membrane permeability. To amend the dissolution of drugs which are poorly water soluble also eventually amending their bioavailability, the dispersion of one or more API in a carrier that too a solid state are employed. This anomaly is known as Solid Dispersion. This technique is mostly applicative for upgrading the solubility, dissolution rates also bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid that is found in various fruits, vegetables, and flower. Lutein is an arduous compound to assimilate into food, as it is poorly soluble and unstable in aqueous solutions. Natural polymers and their modified forms can be used as a best alternative for upgrading solubility of poor water soluble drugs in solid dispersion. Various natural polymers like carbohydrate and cyclodextrin are most broadly used as carrier for enhancing the solubility. Hence, this approach is anticipated to form basis for commercialization of poorly water soluble drugs by enhancing their solubility by incorporating the solid dispersion technique including natural polymers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solubility, Solid dispersion, Lutein ester, antioxidant, natural polymer

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: As urbanization accelerates and technological advancements reshape our world, the concept of a smart city has emerged as a promising solution to address the growing complexities and challenges faced by urban centres. A smart city leverages cutting-edge technologies and data-driven approaches to enhance the quality of life for its residents, promote sustainability, and optimize resource allocation. This paper provides an overview of the key aspects involved in developing a smart city, including the underlying technologies, critical infrastructure, and the potential benefits and considerations. The development of a smart city revolves around the integration of various technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and cloud computing. These technologies enable the collection and analysis of vast amounts of data from sensors, devices, and systems distributed throughout the city, providing valuable insights for efficient decision-making and resource management. Additionally, advanced communication networks play a crucial role in connecting different components of the city's infrastructure, facilitating seamless data transfer and real-time monitoring. Critical infrastructure forms the backbone of a smart city, encompassing areas such as energy management, transportation, waste management, healthcare, public safety, and governance. Through intelligent monitoring and control systems, a smart city can optimize energy consumption, reduce traffic congestion, manage waste efficiently, provide responsive healthcare services, enhance public safety measures, and foster citizen engagement in governance processes. Furthermore, the incorporation of renewable energy sources, sustainable building designs, and eco-friendly initiatives promotes environmental sustainability, making the city greener and more resilient.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SMART CITY, DEVELOPMENT, URBANISATION, INTERNET OF THINGS, SMART GRIDS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cracking in structures is of common occurrence and Engineers are often required to look into their causes and to carryout suitable repairs and remedial measures. For repairs and remedies to be effective, it is essential that an engineer should have proper understanding of various causes of cracking. For investigating the cause, it is necessary to observe carefully the location, shape, size, depth, behaviour and other characteristics of the cracks. It is also necessary to collect the information about specifications of the job, time of construction and past history of the structure. It is also necessary for the Engineer to know when the crack first occurred and whether the cracks are structural or non-structural. The formation causes, prevention and treatment of cracks were studied. The different types of cracks, the various reasons for occurrence of cracks in RC structures were also studied. The preventive methods to avoid cracks and the different treatment methods available are also included in our study. Keywords : Crack, treatment, grouting, stitching, epoxy, corrosion

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crack, treatment, grouting, stitching, epoxy, corrosion

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Energy is a crucial resource for economic growth, and the demand for electricity is growing at an unprecedented rate. The primary source of power generation worldwide is still fossil fuels, which are finite and environmentally harmful. Hence, there is an urgent need to diversify energy sources and move towards cleaner, sustainable, and renewable sources of energy. This paper explores the potential of multi-source power generation as a sustainable solution. Multi-source power generation systems integrate different energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal, to increase efficiency, reliability, and resiliency. This paper examines the advantages and challenges of multi-source power generation and provides recommendations for future research and development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Energy, Multi Source of Power generation , Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Power

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The term "herbal medicine" refers to plants or parts of plants that are transformed into phytomedicine by simple processes such as harvesting, drying and storage. Herbs also include other raw products derived from plants that no longer have an organic structure, such as essential oils, fatty oils, resins and gums. About 80% of the world's population depends on herbal medicines and products for a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the use of herbal products also leads to various forms of product abuse and adulteration, leading to consumer and manufacturer disappointment. Standardization is therefore an important tool for quality herbal products, and standardization of herbal medicines means ensuring their identification, quality and purification. This overview describes the standardization of herbal medicines.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal drugs, standardization, chromatography, HP-LC, and GC-MS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Biennale, also known as a biennial or biennial art exhibition, is a large-scale international art event held every two years. It brings together artists, curators, and art enthusiasts from around the world to showcase a diverse range of contemporary artworks and engage in critical discourse. Biennales foster a vibrant exchange of ideas and dialogue within the architectural realm. Biennales also play a crucial role in representing and celebrating cultural diversity in architecture. These events important questions about the role of architecture in society, sustainability, urbanism, and other relevant topics. Hosting a biennale can spur urban regeneration and revitalization efforts in the host city or site. Biennales often take advantage of existing buildings or historical structures within the host site. Adaptive reuse of these structures for the exhibition can breathe new life into underutilized or neglected spaces. Biennales provide an opportunity for architectural interventions within the host site. Kochi Muziris Biennale played a crucial role in revitalizing historic spaces and heritage buildings in Kochi. Many of the biennale venues are repurposed historic structures that were once neglected or underutilized. The event has breathed new life into these spaces by transforming them into temporary exhibition venues. This paper aims to discuss the role of Kochi Muziris Biennale in the realm of architecture. The study is majorly based on literature reviews from secondary data.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biennale, heritage, conservation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The process of joining coil ends using the submerged arc welding process is widely used in the manufacturing of HSAW pipes. To improve productivity, quality, and reduced rework, automation of internal and external welding processes were carried out using in-house modifications to enhance the manufacturing capabilities to supply API 5L grade line pipes with coil end welds. In the present work, the requirements of internal and external welding processes were studied for assessment of capability and the scope of improvement. Various devices such as laser sensors, cameras, HMIs, control panels and motors were assembled, tested, and connected to a central monitoring dashboard to keep an eye on the current welding parameters and other attributes like flux temperature. After several trials, a few minor adjustments were done to properly synchronize the internal and external welding heads with the grooves as per different coil widths and pipe diameters. Automatic laser seam tracking and spot laser were employed in external welding set-up to prevent bead-off in internal and external weld beads. The system has been made flexible enough to accommodate coils of any width and pipes of outside diameters ranging from 24" to 120". The system is established with SOPs and work instructions. The performance of these automated internal and external welding set-ups has been demonstrated in an internal project of grade API 5L X65M PSL2 grade with significant improvement in yield and quality as compared to the past projects without automation. The system also has the capability to be monitored from remote locations. Both the destructive and non-destructive tests showed that the quality of coil end welds was of a higher level in all respects.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

API, HSAW, X65M, SOP, LASER, HMI, SAW

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Child health is a corner stone of the national progress of the country. When it is neglected it neglects the future programme. The age group of 1 - 3 years is an important period of life. Research Approach:- QuantitativeResearch Approach Research Design: -True Experimental Research Design Population:-Mother's in selected community areas of Korba, Chhattisgarh. Sampling Technique:-Non-probability Purposive Sampling technique. Sample Size:- 400 Mother's in selected community areas of Korba, Chhattisgarh. At each stage for the child's growth and development appropriate care is important. This main study presentation deals with the statement of problem, the objectives under the study, hypothesis, data analysis and interpretation. The main study was conducted in 400 samples.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

M.P.: Madhyapradesh, H: Hypothesis, df: Degree of freedom

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to rapid urbanisation in Indian cities, there is a need for urban open spaces to deal with the issues relating to the health and well-being of the citizens by managing densely populated residential areas. It is relevant in Indian cities as there is an increasing migration from rural areas to urban areas in search of livelihood. A balance between the built environment and the natural environment in the cities is essential to plan and maintain public open spaces, parks, and gardens making cities more breathable and environmentally sustainable. This research considers the example of Mumbai City in India. This research used a qualitative methodology that includes analysing the existing published literature, including research papers, reports, books, newspaper articles and text, that addresses the gap in the research about the function of urban open spaces and its impact on citizens' health and well-being. The research findings include how open-air recreation and access to outdoor spaces is an essential part of many people's daily lives, and outdoor activity provides scope for relaxation, refreshment, escape from every day and a chance to form social relationships. However, in Mumbai city urban governance policies at the national state and local level are found to be inadequate in protecting and enhancing the quality of open spaces. Also, in conclusion, the recommendations based on data gathered in terms of the migration rate in the city are related to the encroachment happening in open spaces and urban governance policies to curb this encroachment and reduce the migration rate. Implementation of this is possible by the urban governance policies related to the protection and enhancement of open spaces and by reducing migration rates through the provision of essential services and amenities at the rural level.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Urban open spaces, Indian cities, Mumbai city, Urban governance policies, Rural migration.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The roots of Beta vulgaris are used to make the red condiment betanin. It is frequently used to give meals a red colour, but it is also occasionally utilised for its natural antioxidant. The current investigation's goal was to Since lipstick is one of the main cosmetics used by women, create and test a herbal lipstick using the coloured pigment of the Beta vulgaris. The practise of colouring skin, especially the skin on the face and lips, dates back to the prehistoric era. The use of such a product has grown in recent years, and the range of colour, texture, and lustre options has expanded. This is evident from the fact that lipsticks are sold in a vast array of colour tones to meet female demand. The beta vulgaris taproot's colouring pigmentwas decoction-extracted, and three separate formulations (F1, F2, and F3) made using olive oil, paraffin wax, bees wax, pigment-betanins , acacia, lemon juice, and vanilla essence. Formulations F3 among the created lipsticks revealed the best qualities of lipsticks. The current endeavour was conceived by us to create a herbal lipstick with little to no side effects that would be widely used by the women in our communities with great assurance and satisfaction. This was done due to the numerous negative effects of synthetic medications already available. Regular use of synthetic lipstick colours can have negative effects on the skin, including skin discolouration, skin irritation, acne, and cancer. The use of plant-based plant extract from the plants helps lessen side effects.This overview of lipstick covers its kind, technique of formulation, variety of colours, pigment extraction, natural oil, flavour, physical assessment, and quality control standards for lipstick used in the industry, as well as mould and flaws. Cosmetic procedures are used to enhance facial attractiveness. The demand for natural cosmetics is currently rising steadily thanks to its natural gifts. The natural products that women use today include a variety. Contrary to synthesis

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

herbal lipstick , beetroot , mould , formulation, evaluation , natural ingredient

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between gratitude, hope, life satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing among young adults working in the corporate sector. A sample of 200 participants was selected using convenience sampling. Data was collected using four validated instruments: Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale- 18 items (RPWS). Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results showed that all variables had a statistically significant relationship, and gratitude, hope, and life satisfaction had a positive correlation with psychological wellbeing. Additionally, all three predictor variables, i.e., gratitude, hope, and life satisfaction, significantly predicted psychological wellbeing of young adults in the corporate sector. Life satisfaction was found to be the most important predictor for psychological wellbeing followed by gratitude and hope. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing positive psychological factors, such as gratitude, hope, and life satisfaction, may be effective in promoting overall wellbeing among young working adults.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gratitude, Hope, Life satisfaction, Psychological Wellbeing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Plant diseases are becoming more common, which poses a serious risk to the sustainability of agriculture and global food security. The prevention of crop losses and the reduction of pesticide use both depend critically on the early and precise detection of plant diseases. Deep learning methods, such Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have recently displayed astounding performance in a variety of image identification tasks. In this study, leaf pictures are used to train CNNs for the identification and categorization of plant illnesses. The suggested method entails a multi-step procedure that begins with a vast dataset collection of healthy and diseased plant leaves that includes a variety of diseases.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Convolutional Neural Networks, Deep Learning, Plant Disease Detection, Gray-level Concurrence Matrix, Support Vector Machine, Discrete Wavelet Transform ,Recurrent Neural Network ,Deep Belief Network ,Deep Boltzmann Machine ,Passive Infrared ,Miniature Circuit Breaker ,Artificial Neural Network

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The pharmaceutical sector has a value exceeding $1 trillion and efficient supply chain management (SCM) is crucial for achieving economic, ecological, and social advantages in the supply chain sector. However, conventional SCM procedures often encounter various issues such as inadequate sharing of information, extended wait times for retrieving data, doubts about the reliability of product tracking, and the presence of counterfeit products. Blockchain technology holds a great deal of promise to address these issues due to its main features, including immutability, transparency, and decentralization. A blockchain-based pharmacy supply chain refers to the use of a distributed ledger technology that allows for the tracking of pharmaceutical products as they move through the supply chain, from the manufacturer to the end consumer. This technology provides a tamper-proof and transparent record of all transactions, ensuring that drugs are safely and securely delivered to the intended recipients. Overall, the use of blockchain technology in pharmacy supply chain has the potential to revolutionize the way how drugs are tracked and distributed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Traceability, Counterfeit Drugs, Supply Chain Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The paper focuses on the structural design and analysis of an ultralight aircraft's high wing. The wing design includes initial considerations such as planform selection, aircraft location, and structural design calculations for airfoil selection, wing area, wing loading characteristics, and wing weight. The design is done corresponding to the calculated values using the design software CATIA, and the analysis is done to show the structural deformations and stress for the applied loading conditions using the analysis software ANSYS 14.0, as well as the drag polar for the applied flow conditions using the flow analysis software ANSYS FLUENT.The objective of this project is to compare the results obtained for different materials like Al 2024-T3, Al 6061-T6, Al 7075-T651 & Al 7075 + 15% FLY ASH MMC using analysis software. From the results we will conclude which material is having better properties.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ultralight Aircraft, Wing Structural Design, Structural and flow analysis, CATIA, ANSYS.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aims to investigate the Role of Emotional maturity on personal effectiveness among police officials. This study will be conducted through the participants of 120 police officials in various districts of Kerala who will be administrated by psychological measures like, Emotional maturity scale was developed by Singh and Bhargava (1990) and The Personal effectiveness Inventory (PEI) by Andros (1999) and re-standardized by Reena (2010) was used to measure personal effectiveness. The participants were randomly selected from different police stations. The statistical tools like, Correlation and ANOVA were used. The data collected will be analysed with the help of SPSS. The result showed that there is a high relationship between emotional maturity and personal effectiveness and emotional maturity has a significant role on personal effectiveness and its variables like personal focus, personal growth and personal adaptability; and also moderately emotionally mature participants have high personal effectiveness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotional maturity, personal effectiveness, personal adaptability, personal focus, personal growth, police officials

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Animal cruelty is an act of depriving animals of food, water, shelter, and veterinary care. Apart from that, torturing, killing or maiming of animals is also regarded as animal cruelty and there are many such owners who are oblivious about the actual needs and necessities of animals and many owners who fail to take good care of their pets and also some torture them, beat them or deprive them of their basic needs. The animal welfare organisations tend to work towards rescuing such animals. The study sheds light on various factors and conditions affecting these efforts of the animal welfare organizations in rescuing suffering animals from neglectful and careless owners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

"Animal Welfare Organization", "animal cruelty", "neglectful owners", "animal protection laws", "animal rights".

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

'Dry September', by William Faulkner, was first published in the Scribner's Magazine in 1931. His other works include The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Sanctuary (1931), and Absalom, Absalom! (1936) among others. They are often rooted in American history and explore the concepts of vigilantism, prejudices and systemic injustices. 'Dry September' is based in the post-bellum era that is the post-civil war period in the southern region of America. This paper looks at the common themes of dehumanization, ambiguity, allyship and violence in William Faulkner's 'Dry September' and Harper Lee's 'To Kill a Mockingbird'.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

dehumanization, ambiguity, allyship and violence in context of racism in America

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition