Volume 14 | Issue 5

 Abstract

In a National Highway Project, the engineer has to plan, design and construct either a network of new roads or road link. Once a highway is constructed, development takes along the adjoining land and subsequent changes in alignment highway is not a source of potential traffic hazard, but also causes a considerable increase in transportation cost and strain on drivers and the passengers. The Government of India had entrusted to the Authority the development, maintenance and management of Four / Six Laning of Ambaghat to Paijarwadi section of NH- 166 from Ch 67+140(existing km 69+072) to Ch. 112+340 (existing km 115+540),Length

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 Keywords

National Highway Development, NH-166, Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), Design-Build-Operate-Transfer (DBOT), Highway Engineering, Road Widening (Four/Six Laning), Infrastructure Development, Traffic Management, Pavement Design, Transportation Engineering, Maharashtra Road Project Bottom Slab, Side Wall Construction, Top Slab.

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Foundations are one of the most critical components of civil engineering structures, as they safely transfer structural loads to the underlying soil. The stability and durability of a structure largely depend on the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics of the supporting soil. Weak or poorly compacted soils may result in excessive settlement, instability, and structural failure. Therefore, improving the bearing capacity of soil has become an important aspect of geotechnical engineering.

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 Keywords

Reinforced soil, bearing capacity, shallow footing, settlement, geogrid, soil stabilization, load-settlement behavior.

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This study presents a detailed analysis of quality control practices implemented in a Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) plant to achieve consistent production of high-performance concrete. Quality control plays a vital role in ensuring the strength, durability, workability, and overall reliability of concrete used in modern construction. The study covers the inspection and monitoring of raw materials, mix proportioning, batching operations, transportation, placement, and testing procedures for both fresh and hardened concrete. Standard quality assessment tests such as slump test, compressive strength test, and moisture content analysis were carried out to evaluate concrete performance and conformity with specified standards. The findings demonstrate that effective quality control measures significantly enhance concrete quality, minimize material wastage, improve operational efficiency, and ensure compliance with construction specifications. The study emphasizes the importance of systematic quality assurance practices in achieving durable, economical, and sustainable concrete production in RMC plants.

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 Keywords

Ready Mix Concrete (RMC), Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Compressive Strength, Workability, Slump Test, Concrete Durability, Mix Design, Batching Process, Sustainable Construction.

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 Abstract

The electric folding bike is lightweight, compact, and easy to carry; it can withstand a load of 60 kg, travel at a speed of 20 kmph, and have a range of 50 km on a single charge.

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Design and Analysis of Folding Bike

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Runoff prediction is an essential component of hydrology and water resources engineering. Accurate estimation of runoff helps in designing drainage systems, flood forecasting, watershed management, irrigation planning, and hydraulic structure design. Conventional runoff estimation methods often require extensive field data, which may not always be available. Dimensional analysis provides a simplified and scientific approach for developing predictive relationships between runoff and influencing parameters using fundamental physical dimensions.

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 Keywords

socio-economic, physical dimensions, Buckingham ?-theorem, infiltration rate, slope, catchment area, soil characteristics

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 Abstract

The solar photo-voltaic modules are generally employed in dusty environments e.g. tropical countries like India. The dust gets accumulated on the surface of the module and blocks the incident light from the sun. It reduces the power generation capacity of the module. The power output reduces as much as by 50% if the module is not cleaned for a month. The cleaning system designed cleans the module by Ardino control. The main objective is to remove the dust in the photo-voltaic modules to improving the power generating efficiency of the solar power generation system.

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photo-voltaic modules, ardino, power generation, dust particles

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Firefighting is a dangerous yet vital profession, and this research looks at how technology can help. A robot's primary function is to contain a fire before it spreads. Collaborating with firefighters, it could help lessen the likelihood of harm coming to victims. This project showcases the robot that fights fires. There are three main components to a robot's development: hardware, electronics, and programming. The castor wheel and two DC motors make up the robot's driving system. Water suction and spraying are made possible by a 12-volt DC pump. Motor for axial water spraying (SG90 servo).degrees Celsius 0-60A number of sensors can be connected to the Arduino Uno Board. The programming portion involved deriving the robot's movement from sensor input using the Arduino IDE language.

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Robots, Fire fighters, castor, dc motors, servomotors, and arduino

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The rapid growth of online transactions has significantly increased the risk of fraudulent activities, posing serious challenges to financial institutions and digital platforms. Fraud detection systems are essential for identifying and preventing unauthorized or suspicious transactions in real time. Traditional rule-based approaches often fail to detect evolving and complex fraud patterns, leading to the adoption of advanced techniques such as machine learning and data mining. This study focuses on developing an efficient fraud detection system that analyzes transaction data to identify anomalies and classify fraudulent behavior accurately. Various algorithms, including classification models and anomaly detection techniques, are utilized to improve detection accuracy while minimizing false positives. The proposed approach aims to enhance security, protect user data, and maintain trust in online transaction systems. Overall, this work highlights the importance of intelligent and adaptive fraud detection mechanisms in ensuring safe and reliable digital financial services.

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 Keywords

Online Transaction Fraud, Fraud Detection, Machine Learning, Deep Learning,Hybrid Models, Anomaly Detection, Graph Neural Networks (GNN), Credit Card Fraud, Real-Time Detection, Explainable AI (XAI), Financial Technology (FinTech), Block chain Security.

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In the era of digital education, maintaining student engagement has become a pressing challenge. Traditional classroom methods for observing student attention are not viable in online settings. This paper presents Focus Plus, an intelligent system designed to detect learner distraction in real-time using webcam feeds. Utilizing computer vision techniques such as face detection, eye tracking, and head pose estimation, the system identifies whether a student is focused or distracted. The data is logged and visualized to generate reports that help instructors assess learner engagement. The implementation leverages Python with OpenCV and MediaPipe, providing a lightweight, real-time solution suitable for integration with existing learning platforms. Virtual reality (VR) can potentially enhance student engagement and memory retention in the classroom. However, distraction among participants in a VR-based classroom is a significant concern. Several factors, including mind wandering, external noise, stress, etc., can cause students to become internally and/or externally distracted while learning. To detect distractions, single or multi-modal features can be used. A single modality is found to be insufficient to detect both internal and external distractions, mainly because of individual variability. Using eye-tracking data and EEG data from the same participants, we can classify different forms of internal and external distractions while they are participating in an educational VR experience. We created an educational VR experience environment and added equipment to collect multi-modal data from participants. In order to classify the data collected from participants using various machine-learning methods, we used four different machine-learning models: k-nearest neighbors (kNN), Random Forest (RF), one-dimensional convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (1D-CNN-LSTM), and two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN).In this work, we investigated multi- to classify participants' internal and external distraction states using the multi-modal features. We performed cross-subject, cross-session, and gender-based grouping tests to evaluate our models. We found that the RF classifier achieves the highest accuracy over 83% in the cross-subject test, around 68% to 78% in the cross-session test, and around 90% in the gender-based grouping test compared to other models. SHAP analysis of the extracted features illustrated greater contributions from the occipital and prefrontal regions of the brain, as well as gaze angle, gaze origin, and head rotation features from the eye tracking data.

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"Focus Plus: Detect Learner's Distraction by Web Camera in Distance Teaching"

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Centralized authentication systems suffer from security risks such as single points of failure, password theft, and privacy leakage. Blockchain-based authentication provides decentralization and trust but faces challenges related to performance, cost, and scalability. This paper presents the implementation of a secure authentication framework combining Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to enhance privacy and security. ZKPs enable identity verification without revealing sensitive user data, while MFA strengthens resistance against common attacks. The proposed system utilizes off-chain computation with on-chain verification to reduce latency and gas costs. Experimental analysis demonstrates improved efficiency, security, and user experience. The framework is suitable for applications requiring high security such as banking, healthcare, and IoT systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain Authentication, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Multi-Factor Authentication, Privacy Preservation, Off-chain Computation, Smart Contracts, Identity Verification.

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Renewable energy systems such as solar grids, wind farms, and smart grids are increasingly integrated with digital technologies, making them vulnerable to cyber threats. This paper identifies key cybersecurity challenges in renewable energy infrastructures and proposes strategic solutions to enhance system resilience. The study focuses on vulnerabilities in IoT-enabled devices, grid communication systems, and data transmission layers. A secure architecture model is proposed using encryption, intrusion detection systems, and blockchain-based authentication. The implementation demonstrates improved system security and reliability. The results indicate that proactive cybersecurity strategies are essential for sustainable and secure renewable energy deployment.

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Cybersecurity, Renewable Energy, Smart Grid, IoT Security, Blockchain, Intrusion Detection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores the use of natural, eco-friendly materials--aloe vera gel, cactus gel, and neem leaf powder--for the treatment of wastewater. These biodegradable substances possess properties such as coagulation, adsorption, and antimicrobial activity, making them effective in reducing turbidity, chemical pollutants, and microbial content. The combination of these natural agents offers a sustainable and lowcost alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods, contributing to environmental conservation and public health improvement.

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Wastewater treatment, Bioremediation, Neem Leaf Powder.

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 Abstract

The purpose of this internship was to gain practical knowledge and hands-on experience in the field of web development. This internship was carried out over a period of two months at Codec Technology, where the focus was on understanding the fundamentals and advanced concepts of developing modern websites.

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" INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION OF EMBEDDED PLATFORM"

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The increasing demand for energy and the improper disposal of waste engine oil have become major environmental and economic concerns. This research presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a waste oil powered thermoelectric power generation system intended for rural and off-grid applications. The proposed system uses waste engine oil as the primary heat source and converts thermal energy into electrical energy using TEC1-12706 thermoelectric modules based on the Seebeck effect. A water cooling arrangement is employed to maintain the required temperature difference across the modules for efficient power generation. The generated voltage is regulated using a DC-DC step-up boost converter to provide a stable 13V output suitable for operating LED lighting systems. The project demonstrates a low-cost, eco-friendly, and self-sustaining energy recovery system that simultaneously addresses waste oil management and decentralized power generation. Experimental observations confirm that the developed prototype successfully powers low-voltage lighting loads and can be scaled for broader applications

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Waste Oil, Thermoelectric Generator, Seebeck Effect, Peltier Module, Renewable Energy, Rural Electrification

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 Abstract

The landscape of global higher education is currently traversing a period of profound structural and epistemological metamorphosis mediated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This research investigates the integration of advanced generative architectures, specifically Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and neuroadaptive learning systems, into university frameworks (Thesen & Park, 2025; Upadhyay et al., 2026). Using the philosophical construct of Kuvempu's Vishwa Manava (Universal Human), the paper evaluates how algorithmic personalization interacts with indigenous pedagogical traditions such as the Guru-Shishya parampara (Puttappa, 1982; Sil & Dutta, 2025). Key thematic inquiries include linguistic democratization through India's BHASHINI infrastructure, the socio-economic risks of the rural-urban digital divide, and the erosion of the human educator's professional identity (Nag, 2026; Popenici, 2023). The report advocates for a "Critical Alliance" framework that prioritizes human cognitive agency and ethical reflection over deterministic efficiency (Ramos-Benitez et al., 2026). Findings indicate that while AI offers scalable individualized support, its responsible deployment requires equitable infrastructure, robust governance, and a pedagogical commitment to intellectual struggle as a core component of deep learning (World Bank, 2025; Hamamra et al., 2025).

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Personalized Learning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Neuroadaptive Learning, National Education Policy 2020, Vishwa Manava, Karnataka State Budget 2026-27.

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In the era of the Anthropocene, literature increasingly interrogates the entanglement of ecological degradation and social injustice. Amitav Ghosh, through his novels The Hungry Tide and Gun Island, reconfigures climate fiction by granting agency to marginalized nonhuman entities such as tigers, tides, snakes, storms, and mythic forces. These works move beyond anthropocentric paradigms to present the Sundarbans as a multispecies contact zone shaped by colonial histories, neoliberal exploitation, and climate vulnerability. Drawing upon postcolonial ecocriticism, deep ecology, and posthumanist theory, this paper argues that Ghosh's narrative ecologies expose the intersection between ecological violence and social marginalization. By amplifying nonhuman voices alongside displaced refugees, fishers, and migrants, the novels advocate an ethics of interspecies solidarity. The paper further examines the pedagogical relevance of such narratives in fostering inclusive and socially responsive higher education in India. Through mythic realism and transnational climate imaginaries, Ghosh positions literature as a transformative tool for ecological consciousness and social justice.

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 Keywords

Anthropocene; Nonhuman Agency; Postcolonial Ecocriticism; Climate Fiction; Social Justice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article examines Susan Abulhawa's Mornings in Jenin (2010) through the lens of cultural resistance. It argues that Abulhawa utilizes the novel as a medium to counter the systematic erasure of Palestinian identity by positioning storytelling, iconography, and artistic preservation as subversive political tools. By analyzing the roles of oral history, poetic discourse, and material culture, this study demonstrates how artistic expression functions as a primary mode of survival--a concept defined as Sumud--against geopolitical displacement. The study concludes that Abulhawa's narrative reclamation serves as a "virtual homeland" that persists despite physical occupation.

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 Keywords

Palestinian Literature, Cultural Resistance, Susan Abulhawa, Memory Studies, Post-colonialism, Gendered Resistance.

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 Abstract

The presence of violence and sex in popular media represents a major health problem in young teenagers. Less is known about the effects on children and teenagers of sex in media. But it is possible to note that if violence can lead to real-life violence, surely media sex could lead to real-life sex. Today many of the teenagers can click a mouse/mobile before they can even tie their shoelaces. The impact of internet technology and television has captured the thoughts and imagination of young minds that are shedding their innocence too early. In my paper I will try to evaluate the effect of sex in popular media on children's behavior, while also demonstrating the link between media violence and sexual attitude in teenagers. (I have considered adolescents less than 18 years as teens.) The way in which children learn, makes the portrayal of violence, sex, drugs and alcohol within the media an important contributor to the behavior of children. It teaches positive or negative messages to children about conflict resolution, gender roles, courtship patterns and sexual gratification. The incredible amount of sexually suggestive material in popular media shows the teens to be functioning as a sort of "super-peer" , making early sexual activity seem like normal behavior for some impressionable young adolescents.

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Media sex, Real-life sex, Gender Roles, Courtship, Sexual Gratification, Super-Peer.

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Disability Studies is a nascent field and an inventive area with its basis and roots in the social sciences, humanities and rehabilitation sciences. The field encompasses the life experiences of the disabled, the critical issues that are in need of attention, better understanding of the problems and effort to venture into integrative approaches to unify the field. This multiplicity of the diverse voices, perspectives, goals combine in shaping the field of disability studies. The research paper recognizes the relationship between the concept of normalcy and the notion of stigma that is attached with the disabled community.

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Disability, Lived experiences, Stigma and Normalcy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper seeks to reconstruct the history of Beary women in Tulunadu by documenting lived experiences that have remained peripheral to mainstream historiography. Rather than approaching the community through homogenized or externally imposed categories, the study foregrounds everyday cultural practices as archives of meaning. Practices such as attending waal gatherings, the socially significant role of the matchmaker in wedding negotiations, lived experiences of widowhood, and the management of households during male migration to the Gulf collectively constitute a gendered historical landscape.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender, Education, Women's history, Beary community, Historiography

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition