Volume 13 | Issue 5

 Abstract

The following dissertation performs a critical analysis of AI and CSR integration in CSR decision-making while exploring ethical and legal complications that occur from AI-based approaches. The investigation evaluates the role of AI in CSR ethical decision-making processes within corporate governance frameworks but explores the critical risks that occur from diminished transparency along with decreased accountability and biased data usage. This investigation introduces an historical and legal exploration of CSR which tracks its development from charitable origins into institutionalized obligatory practices within India as per the Companies Act, 2013. The research examines the AI-based transformation of CSR delivery by exploring predictive analytics systems and stakeholder sentiment tools which enable real-time monitoring capabilities. The research methodology utilizes a comparative case study examination of four international organizations namely IBM and Microsoft and the Tata Group and Infosys which presents how artificial intelligence boosts CSR projects from education to healthcare and sustainability to digital inclusion. The research finds that AI improves CSR effectiveness because of its scalable operations along with efficiency while presenting legal and moral problems because of hidden computing systems that lack proper rules and could diminish human evaluation capabilities. The dissertation proposes a model merger of AI capabilities with human supervision for responsible innovation and supports it with comprehensive ethical-legal guidelines. The research adds new insights toward discussions about digital ethics and responsible business conduct and policy development for AI governance in CSR.

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AI Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal Framework, Accountability, Stakeholder Engagement

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Neuropathic (peripheral neuropathy) refers to a condition or disorder that affects the nervous system, particularly the peripheral nerves which is the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that transmit information to and from the rest of the body. It involves damage or dysfunction of the nerves, leading to various symptoms like numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hands and feet, often arising from underlying conditions like Diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, exposure to toxins, or autoimmune disorder. Treatment and management depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery. In some instance, peripheral neuropathy can be temporary and resolve with appropriate treatment, while in others, it may be a chronic condition requiring ongoing management.

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Affected system, Prevalence and Impact, Intractability, Multidisciplinary Approach, Treatment Options, Focus on Quality of Life, Ongoing Research, Underlying Causes, Importance of Early Diagnosis and Intervention, Lifestyle Modification.

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The automotive air conditioning (AC) system plays a vital role in ensuring cabin comfort and vehicle endurance, and its design has received increasing attention. The air duct, which connects the AC compressor to the cockpit instrument panel outlets, significantly influences the system's cooling efficiency through its structural and flow characteristics. Its air delivery performance directly affects the uniformity of temperature and velocity fields within the cabin, thereby impacting occupant comfort. Due to spatial constraints, air duct design is among the most challenging aspects of vehicle HVAC system development. Consequently, optimizing the duct to balance spatial integration with energy efficiency is a key research focus. This study presents a CFD-based approach to the simulation and optimization of an automotive air duct. The model is initially developed using Ansa, meshed with Meshing software, and analyzed in Fluent to assess internal flow behavior. By applying defined inlet conditions, airflow distribution across outlets is evaluated. Based on a baseline vehicle duct model, issues such as turbulence and uneven outlet flow are addressed through design modifications--maintaining original spatial dimensions--and the improvements are validated through simulation results.

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AC duct, Automotive, CFD, Simulation, Model optimization and improvement

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Ayurveda emphasizes a daily routine (Dinacharya) and nighttime regimen (Ratricharya) to maintain a balance between body, mind, and spirit. Rooted in classical texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, these practices aim to promote health, prevent diseases, and enhance longevity. However, adherence to these routines has become increasingly difficult owing to modern lifestyles, urbanization, and technology use.

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Dinacharya, Ratricharya, Ayurveda, circadian rhythm, lifestyle disorders, Abhyanga, Brahma Muhurta, preventive healthcare

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Development of health facilities in Gonda district (U.P.):- A study

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Development of health facilities in Gonda district (U.P.):- A study

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Health consciousness has had a tremendous impact on consumer behavior, particularly when it comes to choosing organic versus non-organic cosmetics. This study investigates the extent to which health consciousness influences consumer decisions, shedding light on the basic reasons why people prefer organic over conventional cosmetics. The study tries to elucidate the factors driving the movement toward organic cosmetics by thoroughly analyzing customer purchase habits, perceptions of health benefits and worries about chemicals. The research also looks at how ethical considerations, environmental knowledge, and the perceived efficacy of organic cosmetics influence customer decisions. This study underscores the importance of openness, education, and focused marketing methods in meeting the growing demand for organic cosmetics among health-conscious customers.

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Health consciousness; organic cosmetics; non-organic cosmetics

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The Polyherbal Anti-inflammatory gels are the topical medications that are used to reduce inflammation and pain by the use of natural herb extracts. These Polyherbal gel contains Solanum nigrum and Eucalyptus globulus as herbal APIs. It also includes some others formulation excipients such as Carbopol 934, PEG, Triethanolamine, Methyl paraben and Propyl paraben. The Polyherbal Anti-inflammatory gel was formulated by the extraction of Solanum nigrum and Eucalyptus globulus. The evaluation parameters such as Organoleptic test, Consistency, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, Washability, Irritancy test and Anti-microbial test were carried out to ensure a better formulation of Polyherbal gel. Finally the evaluation tests passed out its result and the Polyherbal gel was suitable for the topical administration. The primary purpose of this Polyherbal gel is to provide an Anti-inflammatory effect and reduce pain.

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Solanum nigrum, Eucalyptus globulus, Anti-inflammatory, Pain relief

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Visually impaired individuals often face challenges managing emails due to the limitations of traditional text-based systems. This project introduces a voice-based email management system integrated with face recognition and voice authentication, enabling secure and intuitive access for users with visual impairments. Through natural language voice commands, users can compose, read, reply, and search emails. The system also features pagination, search capabilities, and real-time auditory feedback. Designed with accessibility in mind, this solution promotes independence and inclusivity in digital communication.

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Voice-based email - Visually impaired users - Accessibility - Natural Language Processing (NLP) - Face recognition - Voice authentication - Email management - Assistive technology - Speech recognition - Inclusive design

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Juvenile crime remains one of the most pressing concerns in India's criminal justice and social welfare landscape. Although uniform legislation such as the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 governs how the law treats minors in conflict with the law, the societal perception and manifestation of juvenile crimes vary significantly across geographies. This paper conducts a comparative perception study of juvenile crime in small towns versus big cities, aiming to uncover the root causes of these differences in understanding and response. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, statistical data analysis, and case study evaluation, to examine how factors like socio-economic conditions, law enforcement approaches, education, and media narratives influence public perception.The paper reveals that while crime rates among juveniles are not always higher in cities, urban settings often magnify public concern due to increased media visibility and perceived anonymity of offenders. In contrast, small towns experience underreporting and strong community-based social controls that often camouflage the presence of juvenile crime. Moreover, local culture, community involvement, and institutional effectiveness significantly shape how these issues are approached in both environments. This paper proposes a set of recommendations including awareness campaigns, decentralized policy initiatives, and localized rehabilitation models to align public perception with empirical realities and promote more effective juvenile justice strategies.

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Juvenile crime; small towns; big cities; perception study; juvenile justice system; India; urban-rural divide; crime statistics; media influence; law enforcement; public perception; legal framework; rehabilitation; community response; youth delinquency

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Costus igneus, also referred to as the "Insulin Plant," is a tropical medicinal plant with proven antidiabetic activity and common use in traditional treatment of metabolic disorders.This research sought to investigate the phytochemical composition, total phenolic content, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Costus igneus leaf extracts that were procured using methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extraction procedures. Initial screening showed the occurrence of major bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and glycosides, which have been reported to be responsible for the drug effects of the plant. Total phenolic content quantification showed the high occurrence of antioxidant components, indicating good therapeutic potential. Also, in silico analysis with SwissADME was utilized to assess pharmacokinetic properties of major phytoconstituents like quercetin, kaempferol, diosgenin, and corosolic acid. These compounds had desirable drug-likeness profiles, gastrointestinal absorption, and low cytochrome P450 inhibition, validating their potential as therapeutic compounds. The findings validate the historical claims of the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities of Costus igneus. This research fills the gap between traditional use and scientific proof, providing information for further development of standardized herbal drugs and furthering the inclusion of Costus igneus in evidence-based phytomedicine.

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Costus igneus, Phytochemical screening, Antidiabetic activity, SwissADME, Bioactive compounds, Herbal medicine

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This comprehensive discussion explores the complex pharmaceutical landscape, focusing on the distinct characteristics and benefits of branded and generic medicines. Branded medicines are highlighted for their innovative research, rigorous quality assurance, robust clinical evidence, and enduring patient trust. Despite generic medicines' notable cost-effectiveness, branded medicines play a vital role in advancing medical treatment and patient care, driving innovation and investment in the pharmaceutical industry. Common misconceptions about generic medicines are addressed, emphasizing their equivalence to branded medicines in quality, safety, and efficacy, as well as the stringent regulatory standards that govern their approval. The benefits of branded medicines are outlined in detail, including their innovative research and development processes, stringent quality control measures, comprehensive clinical trials, and the trust they inspire in patients. Ultimately, branded medicines offer a valuable option for patients seeking effective, safe, and reliable treatments, underscoring their importance in the pursuit of optimal healthcare outcomes.

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Branded medicines, Generic medicines , Innovative research, Quality assurance ,Clinical evidence ,Patient trust, Cost-effectiveness Bioequivalence, Regulatory standards.

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The enforcement of antitrust laws plays a crucial role in ensuring fair competition and economic growth. This dissertation examines the anti-competitive impacts of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in both Indian and international contexts with the aim of fostering equitable economic expansion. Through case studies, regulatory analysis, and policy recommendations, this study explores the complexities surrounding antitrust vigilance in M&A transactions and its implications for economic development (Larry Hitchcock). Anti-trust vigilance makes sure the marketplaces are working to provide the consumers with quality goods, and fair prices and to keep up the competitive marketplaces in other words, it also advises businesses to be active in competition that gets beholds by the actions of consumers. Every action that gets taken at the end of the consumer reflects on the providers and to book maximum profits, they get fumbled from what they are asked to follow. Several actions are taken by them to hinder the laws or their attempt to make anti-competitive marketplaces that are dominated by them only, to avoid all these practices, The anti-trust regulators come into play. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is responsible for all the acts under enforcing competition laws and monitoring M&A, i.e., Mergers and Acquisitions, and activities to prevent anti-competitive outcomes. The CCI focuses on all the transactions made within the sources and checks if they fall into the criteria they have made. The Competition Commission of India has got the power to review M&A transactions and intervene if something is found illegitimate. The Competition Act, of 2002, defines "appreciable adverse effect on competition" and empowers the CCI to review, approve, modify, or reject M&A transactions that may be anti-competitive (Louis Lehot, 31 October 2023). M&A, Mergers and Acquisitions, makes sense in the corporate world where Mergers refer to the combination of two or more businesses turns into a new one or We can say 50% each equity of new model made by former two different businesses where Acquisition can be defined as the taking over the whole firm by an another entity in one go. Well M&A plays a vital role in maintaining the stable state of competitive marketplaces.

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ENSURING FAIR COMPETITION: ANALYSING THE EFFECTS OF MERGERS ON MARKETS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA AND BEYOND

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Heat exchangers are essential equipment in a wide variety of industrial processes, and they are a central component of such industries as power generation, petrochemical and chemical processing, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The equipment enables efficient transfer of thermal energy from fluids, and it is therefore crucial to the operational efficiency and energy economy of most processes. But as the equipment operates continuously day and night over extended periods, their efficiency declines steadily. Fouling is one of the main reasons for this decline--a process in which unwanted substances such as scale, biological material, or corrosion products precipitate out of solution and accumulate on the inner surfaces of heat exchangers. The main aim of this project is to develop and implement a predictive maintenance system for heat exchangers with particular emphasis on machine learning algorithms. The system uses several machine learning approaches, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and hybrid models utilizing SVM and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The algorithms are created to simulate and predict fouling behavior under different operating conditions effectively.

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Heat Exchanger, Machine Learning, Predictive Maintenance

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High-performance liquid chromatographic, Tadalafil, Analytical technique, chromatography.

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The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of herbal transdermal patches incorporating Cissus quadrangularis, Thespesia populnea Linn, and Mentha piperita Linn. With increasing interest in alternative and non-invasive drug delivery systems, transdermal patches offer an effective route that bypasses first-pass metabolism and enhances patient compliance. The selected herbal extracts, known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties, were subjected to phytochemical screening, confirming the presence of active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. Patches were formulated using rice and corn starch bases and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including weight uniformity, thickness and tensile strength, The optimized formulation demonstrated satisfactory physical characteristics, effective drug release, and minimal skin irritation. This study supports the potential of herbal-based transdermal systems as a promising alternative for sustained and targeted drug delivery.

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Transdermal patch, Anti-inflammatory patch, Painless drug delivery, Herbal drugs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The main cause of many skin conditions is ultraviolet (UV) light, which makes UV protection essential. Sunscreen, commonly referred to as sunblock, is a topical photoprotective substance that helps shield the skin from sunburn and prevent skin cancer. Many medical professionals recommend using sunscreen products to lessen the damage that ultraviolet radiation does to the skin. Sunscreen comes mainly as creams, lotions, gel forms; however, powders and spray forms are becoming much more popular. Sunscreens sprays are frequently less prone than lotions and mineral-based sunscreens to leave a noticeable white film on the skin. This research involves the development of moisturizing sunscreen spray containing Blue pea flower extract and essential oils in order to respond to the current demand of the consumers. The suncreeen spray was prepared by using natural ingredients as active ingredients in specific quantities. Formulation was done by incorporating aqueous phase of glycerin and ethanol into a mixture of essential oils such as carrot seed oil and pomegranate seed oil, virgin coconut oil, aloe vera gel using tween 80 as surfactant. Four formulations (F1-F4) were prepared by varying the concentration of the ingredients like carrot seed oil, pomegranate seed oil, coconut oil and aloe vera gel. Tests were conducted to evaluate the product for its organoleptic properties, SPF determination, pH, spreadability, rancidity, viscosity, irritancy and homogeneity to ensure product quality and consistency. The formulation F4 was found to be the best among the four preparations as it showed greater SPF value, moisturizing property, consistency and homogeneity. The findings suggest that the developed sunscreen spray to be a stable, safe and effective skin care product which can deliver multiple benefits. The formulation successfully meets the intended objectives like providing SPF, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, moisturizing and skin healing properties. Using a sunscreen spray that is sulphate-free, paraben- free and silicone- free, a quick and improved way of protection from UV radiation was obtained that is abundant and sustainable. Packaging design was created and a spray bottle was used for package. The formulation was shown to be stable across all parameters after a month of stability tests. Further research and clinical studies are needed to explore its efficacy and safety in larger population.

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Sunscreen spray, Blue pea flower extract, Essential oils, SPF, Moisturizing, UV radiation

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 Abstract

This study analyzed the Philippine Army's doctrine manual backlogs to improve its doctrine development system. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study assessed data from 2019 to 2023, identifying significant gaps, inefficiencies, and areas requiring enhancement in the doctrine development process. A structured questionnaire was administered to 110 respondents, including planners, writers, proponents, end-users, and stakeholders involved in the doctrine manual creation process. Results indicated an increasing trend in doctrine manual backlogs due to unmet yearly targets. While the tracking of backlogs was generally perceived as effective, strategies to minimize backlogs and corrective actions for individuals or units involved were viewed less positively. Additionally, clarity of yearly targets was highly rated, yet consistency in meeting these targets revealed significant dissatisfaction among respondents. The study further evaluated doctrine development programs, policies, processes, proponents, and writers, highlighting favorable perceptions regarding clarity and communication of policies, adequacy of program funding, and the qualifications and experience of doctrine proponents and writers. However, stakeholder involvement and the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms for doctrine writers received moderate ratings, indicating room for improvement. Recommendations include adopting new technologies, such as digital tracking systems, to simplify monitoring, avoid duplication of efforts, and improve the doctrine development process. Additionally, implementing easy-to-use online collaboration tools will enhance teamwork and communication among stakeholders. Establishing regular feedback through modern platforms will keep the doctrine development system efficient, current, and prepared for future advancements. This improvement is critical to the Philippine Army, as it directly enhances operational readiness and effectiveness in achieving national security goals. Furthermore, for public administration, efficient doctrine management ensures better resource utilization, accountability, and responsiveness to the public's needs.

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Philippine Army Doctrine Manual Backlogs

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Om Shri Ganeshaya Namaha!!! The laws of Hinduism include dharma and karma. Dharma refers to righteous living and karma refers to a person's words, thoughts and deeds creating their destiny. Dharma comes in four different forms with the first being the universal law. This refers to the laws of physics regulating the forces of nature. Social dharma means that everyone has occupations, duties and responsibilities they must fill. This is an element of moral and religious law. Human law looks at the stages of life and the evolution and natural expression of the mind, feelings, body and soul throughout the stages. Self-dharma is the path a person takes and everything that represents this path. While the book may be placed in the hands of the boys for their own study, it is intended to be simplified by the oral explanations of Everyone, and each chapter serves as an outline on which one or more lessons may be based. They will thus acquire a useful store of sacred authorities on their religion. It has become somewhat of a sectarian name in some parts of Nepal and India, but it is here taken only as meaning the eternal religion. This book may prove useful in laying a firm foundation of right thinking in the minds of Hindu youths, and may help in shaping them in to pious, moral, loyal and useful citizens of their mother-land and of the empire. Apart from that, Due to lack of knowledge about Sanatan Hindu Dharma the Hindu youths are becoming Atheist in larger scale. Britishers ruled over India about 200 years and In India Thomas Babington Macaulay is fully credited with the official introduction of English education all over the India and Britishers banned over Sanskrit education and they shut down all Gurukuls. Hindu was in Majority therefore Britishers closed gurukuls in order to break down the unity of hindus and then divided all hindus in casteism for divide and rule policy. When Macaulay studies came in to existence and all Gurukuls was officially banned and destroyed in India, as a result Hindus did not know about the reality of Sanatan Hindu Dharma because Hindus cut off from their roots of Sanatan Hindu Dharma or we can say Macaulay studies kept Hindus far away from their roots of Sanatana Hindu Dharma.

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SANATAN VEDIC DHARMA

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This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively. This study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in navigating complex campus environments. It presents a novel application that integrates real-time data with AR visualization to guide users effectively.

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Augmented Reality, AR navigation, Mapbox

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Reproductive health is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of human development. Reproductive health deals with their productive processes, functions and system at all stages of life. It is being flection of health during childhood, and crucial during adolescence and adulthood, sets the stage for health beyond the reproductive years for both women and men, and affects the health of the next generation. Reproductive health is a universal concern, but is of special importance for women particularly during the reproductive years. A Quantitative research approach was adopted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls in selected schools at Bangalore. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: o To assess the level of knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pad usage among high school girls before & after the structured teaching programme. o To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls. o To determine the association between the level of pretest knowledge on healthy practices of sanitary pads usage & selected demographic variables HYPOTHESIS:- H1-There is statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge scores among high school girls regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads. H2-Thereissignificantassociationbetweenthelevels of knowledge of high school girls regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage with selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY The researcher has followed Quasi- experimental design, one group pre- test& post -test design with Evaluative approach to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girls in selected schools at Bangalore. Convenient sampling technique was used to assess the knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage among high school girl to select the subjects. The sample included 80 high school girls. Data was collected through structured knowledge questionnaire by administering the questionnaire to the samples. After the pre-test, structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage was administered on the same day to the participants. On seventh day post-test was given using the same questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme Collected data was analysed by using description and inferential statistics. RESULTS The study found that in the overall pre-test knowledge score among high school girls majority 56(70.0%) of the high school girls had inadequate knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage, 24(30.0%) had moderate knowledge and none had adequate knowledge. After administration of structured teaching programme whereas in the overall post- test knowledge score, none of the high school girls had inadequate knowledge, 22(27.5%) had Moderate knowledge and 58(72.5%) of the high school girls had adequate knowledge The overall mean knowledge level obtained by the high school girls following administration of structured teaching programme was24.24inpost-testwhichwas found to behig her than the overall mean knowledge level 13.56 in the pre-test. The statistical test indicated that structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage. The mean enhancement between pre-test and post-test was10.68and the obtained paired't' value was 37.03. It was found to be statistically significant at the level of P<0.05. There is a statistically significant association between post-test knowledge and selected variables with Age group Educational level Type of family Occupation of Mother Number of Siblings Hence H2was accepted. However, there was no significant association between post-test knowledge and religion, family income, education of father education of mother and source of information. Hence, stated hypothesis H2 is rejected above selected variables. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The study findings revealed that the majority of the high school girls gained knowledge after structured teaching programme. Hypothesis H1is accepted and hypothesis H2 is accepted Age Group Educational level Type of family Occupation of Mother Number of Siblings but religion, family income, education of father education of mother and source of information was rejected. Thus, the study showed that the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage was effective in improving the knowledge of high school girls. The findings of the study recommended the further interventional approaches regarding the healthy practice of sanitary pads usage among high school girls. Self-learning and m education regarding healthy practices of sanitary pads usage creates awareness. The present study proved that Structured Teaching Programme was effective among high school girls on healthy practices of sanitary pads.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, sanitary pads, healthy practices high school girls.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition