Volume 12 | Issue 5

 Abstract

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) pose a substantial global health challenge, affecting millions annually and demanding comprehensive approaches for effective management. While the clinical manifestations of LRTIs are well-documented, understanding their impact on the Quality of Life (QoL) of affected individuals is paramount for providing holistic care. This review navigates through diverse methodologies employed to assess QoL in the context of LRTIs, encompassing generic and disease-specific instruments, psychosocial assessments, and emerging trends in the field. By exploring factors influencing QoL, including symptom severity, comorbidities, and treatment modalities, we unravel the intricate web of considerations in the holistic care of LRTI patients. Beyond immediate clinical concerns, long-term implications and patient perspectives provide a nuanced understanding of the enduring effects and coping mechanisms. The review underscores the importance of personalized, patient-centered approaches and identifies gaps in current knowledge, paving the way for future research to enhance the well-being of individuals affected by LRTIs. As we delve into this synthesis of existing literature, we aim to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Quality of Life, fostering improved clinical care, informed public health strategies, and a compassionate response to the challenges faced by those navigating LRTIs.

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Quality of life, LRTI

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Goods and Services Tax plays a major role in deciding the purchase decision of the consumers. This is because, it plays a major role on the pricing decision of different members of channels of distribution. The prices of the products differ according to the taxation slab in which they are grouped under GST. However marketers through their effective strategies manage to offer some differentiation for the consumers, in terms of price, to the consumers. The study will explore the changes in consumer purchasing patterns, preferences, and decision-making processes post-GST implementation, focusing on various sectors and demographic groups. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the implications of GST on consumers and provide insights for policymakers and businesses.

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Goods and Services Tax, consumer buying behavior, GST implementation, purchasing patterns, consumer preferences, decision-making processes.

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 Abstract

aadhunik parivesh me himachal pradesh ke parmpik vastr

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aadhunik parivesh me himachal pradesh ke parmpik vastr

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Concept of CMA came into being in 1975 as a result of recommendation of the guidelines given by the Chore committee and Tandon group in 1974. However the CMA was introduced in the banking system in 1988. The aim of CMA was to prevent delays in loan approval and disbursement. Later on in 1997 MPBF concept was withdrawn by the RBI (The Central Bank) and consequently the CMA was also scarped at their end. Procedure of Working Capital Limit Assessment has been left at the discretion of the banks, Boards of Banks were given power to device their own policies. Even if MPBF is not mandatory and CMA is not compulsory banks are continuing with the same system which was introduced in 1988.

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CMA, MPBF, Working Capital, Net Working Capital, Working Capital Gap

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Lower respiratory tract infection occurs when there is an infection of the lungs, specifically in the lower airways. This infection is usually caused by a virus, bacteria or other less common organisms. LRTI includes Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia. The most commonly prescribed drugs for LRTI include Cephalosporins, Penicillins and Macrolide antibiotics. Paediatric population are mostly affected by LRTI than adult and geriatric population. SF 36 QoL questionnaire is used to assess the health related quality of life of patients with LRTI. AIM: To study the prevalence, antibiotic prescribing pattern and health related quality of life in patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. OBJECTIVE: o To assess the prevalence of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. o To study the antibiotic prescribing pattern in the management of patients having Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. o To assess the quality of life in patients having Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective observational study was carried out in 15 patients. Prevalence of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections assessed in paediatric, adult and geriatric patients, and in both male and female patients. Prescriptions were studied to analyse the antibiotic prescribing patterns in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections patients. Health related Quality of Life was assessed using SF-36 questionnaire before and after patient counselling to analyse its impact on patient outcome and the follow up was taken within 2 weeks. RESULT: Lower Respiratory Tract Infection was found to be the most prevalent disease among Pulmonary and Critical care department in the hospital. Prevalence of LRTI will be more in paediatric patients when compared to adults and geriatric patients, and also males are more affected than females. The most commonly prescribed drugs for LRTI were found to be Cefuroxime followed by Cefoperazone+Sulbactam, Clarithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, Azithromycin and Meropenem. A significant increase in Quality of Life was found in LRTI patients after treatment and patient counselling. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that LRTI is the most common disease and prevalence of LRTI is more in paediatrics than adults and geriatrics. The most commonly prescribed antiobiotic for LRTI is Cephalosporins like Cefuroxime, Cefoperazone along with Sulbactam and Ceftriaxone. There is a significant improvement in the QoL in patients after treatment and patient counselling.

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LRTI , Prevalence, Antibiotics, Health related quality of life.

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Financial inclusion refers to efforts to make financial products and services accessible and affordable to all individuals and businesses, regardless of their personal net worth or company size. Socio-economic inequalities and gender inequalities can hinder financial inclusion, with women and marginalized groups potentially facing greater barriers to access and control of financial resources. Financial inclusion seeks to remove barriers that prevent people from participating in the financial sector and using these services to improve their lives.

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Financial Inclusion, Economic Inequality

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????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? - ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? - ???, ????, ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ????? ????, ???????? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ?? ????? ????, ?? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????; ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????; ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????,??????? ?? ?????; ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?

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????? ????, ??? ??? ????, ????? ????, ??? ???????, ????????? , ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?

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Abstract: Quantitative Structural activity relationship (QSAR) , defined as quantitative correlation of biological activities with physicochemical properties. If we take a series of chemicals and attempt to form a quantitative relationship between the biological effects (i.e the activity)and the chemistry (i.e the structure) of each of the chemicals, then we are able to form a quantitative structure-activity relationship or QSAR. Now a days a newer technique i.e 3D QSAR is also used to overcome the problems of classical QSAR. Some recent version of QSAR such as QSAR-co-x, Dragon 0.7, ALVADESC 2.0, etc. which have some extra features like, QSAR-Co-X provides features for developing linear and nonlinear relationship between models. In this review we have summarized all the data regarding purpose, application, process, and limitations of QSAR.

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QSAR, chemistry qualitative, 3D structure, GQSAR, QSARpro biological activities. Predictions.

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Tomato classification is paramount for quality assessment, sorting, and yield optimization in agriculture. This comprehensive literature review explores recent advancements in tomato classification leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The review synthesizes insights from diverse studies, encompassing MRI-based classification, color feature analysis, machine vision systems, hyper spectral imaging, morphological characterization, nutrient deficiency detection, and disease classification. It examines methodologies, results, and implications, providing a holistic understanding of the field and delineating future research directions.

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Tomato classification is critical for ensuring quality and market competitiveness, with various factors influencing classification methodologies. This literature review aims to elucidate recent advancements in tomato classification, focusing on CNN-based approaches and their applications across different domains within agriculture.

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About 114 countries are exploring CBDCs, and about 60 countries are in the advanced stage. Countries that have already launched retail CBDCs (R-CBDCs) are the Bahamas, Cambodia, the Eastern Caribbean, Nigeria, China, and Jamaica. Central banks that are exploring a specialized wholesale CBDC (W-CBDC) include Singapore, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and the European Union. Russia - The digital ruble has completed initial testing--full cycle of transactions announced by the Central Bank of Russia. China - Plans to launch eCNY or digital Yuan by 2022. Digital currency is an electronic form of money that anyone can use in contactless transactions. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the launch of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in the 2022 Union Budget speech.

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Digital Currency, CBDC,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This project focuses on leveraging machine learning techniques to prevent cyberbullying across social media platforms. We propose the development of a user-centric website, akin to popular platforms like Instagram and Facebook, with an embedded cyberbullying detection system. The system actively monitors user interactions and comments, utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning models to identify offensive language and behavior. Upon detection of inappropriate content, users receive real-time alerts notifying them of their objectionable behavior. The system employs dynamic blocking measures, temporarily restricting users who persist in offensive actions. For repeat offenders, permanent blocking is enforced, utilizing IP address tracking to prevent the creation of new accounts. This project aims to create a safer and more inclusive online environment by proactively addressing cyberbullying.

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Cyberbullying Detection, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Social Media Monitoring, Real-time Alerts, Offensive Language Identification, Behavioral Analysis, Dynamic Blocking Measures, User-Centric Design, Inclusive Online Environment

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Equality is the cornerstone of every democratic society and plays a vital role to ensure social justice and human rights. Access to education, work, wages, credit, assets, participation in production and economic decision making etc by both men and women is vital to achieve equality. The differential access and control over the resources, gender norms and stereotypes lead to gender inequalities. Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution in its preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. Inspite of these legal interventions women still suffer from acts of discrimination due to the deep rooted beliefs, customs and traditional practices.

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Women's Equality, Constitution, Indian Society, Equality

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TinosporaCordifoliais commonly known as Guduchi or Giloy in India.It is a deciduous climbing shrub commonly found in Asia and Africa. It belongs to Menispermaceae family. Almost all parts of this plant including roots, stem, leaves are used It is widely used in several medicinal preparations against multiple diseases in Ayurveda system of medicine. It is also called Amrita in Sanskrit due to its several medicinal properties. The present study showed that TinosporaCordifolia has several medicinal properties like Antioxidant, Immuno-modulatory, Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Hepato-protective, Anti-inflammatory, Neuro-protective, Anti-HIV activity etc.

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Guduchi, Giloy, Medicinal properties, Ayurveda

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In the paper titled "Navigating Legal Avenues: A Comprehensive Analysis of RERA, NCLT, and Consumer Redressal Commission for Homebuyers," the Author explores the legal terrain confronting homebuyers. Beginning with the historical evolution of remedies available to homebuyers which were fraught with bureaucracy and delays prior to 2016 to the advent of the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) in 2016 and the extension of access to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) in 2018 ushered in a new era of transparency and efficiency in resolving real estate disputes. An attempt is made to analyze the legal frameworks of RERA, NCLT, and the Consumer Redressal Commission, assessing their respective strengths and limitations. RERA shines for its emphasis on efficiency and transparency, with case laws such as Imperia Structures Ltd. v. Anil Patni exemplifying its swift resolution of complaints. Meanwhile, NCLT offers a platform for collective action against financially distressed developers, despite challenges in insolvency proceedings. The Consumer Redressal Commission, operating under both old and new Consumer Protection Acts, provides a traditional yet accessible avenue for seeking redressal. The paper underscores the significance of informed decision-making for homebuyers, emphasizing the evaluation of project stage, builder's financial stability, and desired resolution. Recent legal developments, including amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, have strengthened homebuyers' legal protections, offering multiple avenues for redressal. The Research paper provides a roadmap for homebuyers navigating the complex legal landscape. By staying informed and considering the key features as detailed in the Paper, homebuyers can navigate the intricacies of the real estate market with confidence, ensuring timely and satisfactory resolution of grievances.

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Key Words : Homebuyer, RERA. NCLT, Consumer Redressal Commission, Legal framework, Redressal

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Ventilators are a crucial medical device that aids patients to breathe, they provide breathable air to the lungs for patients who physically cannot breathe themselves. The proposed design is based on AMBU technology and an Arduino microcontroller to control the compression mechanism eliminating the need for a human operator. It is powered by a 12V power adapter with a 12V DC backup battery featuring adjustable tidal volume and breaths per minute and assist control mode. The device incorporates various sensors to offer real-time monitoring of the patient's vital sign data for timely medical intervention such as heart rate, temperature, SpO2, and breathing pressure. The patient's vitals are transmitted to a web server where they can be monitored. It monitors over-pressurization, abnormal heart rate, and temperature and alerts the required personnel using an alarm system.

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Ventilators, AMBU, Arduino, BPM, Tidal Volume.

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Modern pharmaceuticals, while effective in treating diseases, often come with harmful side effects due to their chemical composition. In response, this research focuses on the formulation of a polyherbal product as a safer and more effective alternative for treating cough. The "polyherbal anti-tussive syrup" developed in this study harnesses the therapeutic properties of naturally occurring medicinal plants such as cinnamon, clove, black pepper, tulsi, honey (as a base), and mint (as a cooling agent expectorant). This unique combination of herbal ingredients has shown promising results in effectively treating cough symptoms. By leveraging the healing properties of these natural ingredients, the polyherbal syrup offers a safer and gentler approach to managing cough, without the adverse effects commonly associated with synthetic drugs. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of herbal remedies as viable options for healthcare.

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Anti tussive , medicinal plant , polyherbal formulation , cough syrup

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The goal of this study was to create a technique for determining a student's attention state during an online lecture based on their facial expressions. By assessing students' reaction times (RT) to identify a target sound that was unrelated to the presentation, we were able to gauge their degree of attention during a video lecture. We reasoned that participants would respond to such a stimulus more slowly when they were paying attention to the lecture than when they weren't. Using RT measurement, we attempted to gauge how much attention students paid throughout a presentation. In the experiment, a video camera captured the learner's face as they watched a lecture on video. In order to predict reaction time (RT) to a task-irrelevant stimulus--which was thought to be a measure of attention level--facial features were examined.

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Feature extraction, Face recognition, Online services, Electronic learning, Particle measurements

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Abstract Ethnic identity is in recent times one of the most important discussed issues amongst scholars, policy makers, and academicians. 'Ethnicity' is now a widely prevalent word. It is found operating at international, national, regional and local levels. The North Eastern region of India is no exception. Being the home of several, culturally, linguistically and racially distinguished groups having their own socio-political aspirations, it is perhaps more intense and more complex than any other parts of the country or the world. The rise of an elite group among many of them has further added to complexity of the situation. In the post-independence period with a goal to maintain distinct identity most of ethnic groups of this region started ethnic movement demanding either autonomous or separate state and their demands were conceded creating new states as well as granting autonomy. The Misings, a major section of tribal population of North-East India lives in Assam with their distinctive identity also have been continuing their movement for ethnic identity for several decades.

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Key Word: Ethnicity, Identity, North-East, Movement, Tribal, Misings, Assam

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The Mughal Empire, renowned for its opulence and grandeur, left an indelible mark on the history of art and architecture in the Indian subcontinent. This project delves into the rich cultural legacy of the Mughals, focusing on their artistic patronage and architectural marvels. The study begins by contextualizing the Mughal Empire's rise to power and the cultural milieu that shaped its artistic expression. It explores the fusion of Persian, Indian, and Central Asian influences that characterized Mughal art and architecture, resulting in a unique synthesis of styles.One of the key aspects covered is the patronage of Mughal emperors such as Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan, who were not only powerful rulers but also passionate patrons of the arts. The project examines their contributions to the development of Mughal aesthetics, including the flourishing of miniature painting, the construction of magnificent forts, palaces, mosques, and gardens.Furthermore, the project investigates the symbolism and motifs prevalent in Mughal art, such as intricate floral patterns, calligraphy, and representations of courtly life and religious themes. It also analyzes the use of materials and architectural techniques employed in iconic structures like the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, and the Red Fort, reflecting the empire's architectural prowess and aesthetic sensibilities.Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing historical research, art analysis, and architectural study, this project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the art and architecture of the Mughal Empire. By exploring the cultural, political, and religious dimensions of Mughal artistic expression, it sheds light on the enduring legacy of one of the world's most splendid civilizations.

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The Mughal Empire, which gauged the Indian key from the 16th to the 19th century, stands as a testament to the conflation of different societies and the flourishing of cultural expression under Homeric patronage

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ABSTRACT: Hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular condition, presents significant health risks worldwide. This abstract provides a concise summary of hypertension, encompassing its definition, prevalence, risk factors, and implications. It elucidates the physiological mechanisms underlying hypertension, emphasizing its multifactorial nature, including lifestyle factors, genetics, and environmental influences. The abstract also discusses the importance of early detection and management strategies, highlighting lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Understanding hypertension's impact on cardiovascular health is crucial for public health initiatives aimed at prevention and control. This overview serves as a foundational guide for healthcare professionals and individuals alike in combating the global burden of hypertension. Amlodipine Besylate is a calcium channel blocker class antihypertensive drug. Which is used to treat the hypertension with the combination of other drugs but the patient who are suffering from the gastric or hepatic related problem then the solid form of this drug shows very less effects. The main aim of this research is formulation and evaluation of Amlodipine buccal films to avoid first pass metabolism and enhance bioavailability

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Keywords: Hypertension, Amlodipine Besylate, first pass metabolism, antihypertensive drug, calcium channel blocker, buccal films.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition