Volume 7 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Labyrinth seals are used to perform sealing around the rotating Parts of various mechanical machineries. Its work is to minimize escape of fluid essentially gases from high pressure area to low pressure area this is process by building of series of labyrinth teeth which are arranged to provide a close clearance gap between the stator and rotor components of the machine, this may cause a pressure drop occurs across each gap. The main aim of this study is to discuss the Optimization of Circular-Grooved Square Cavity Labyrinth Seal and CFD Analysis Based on ANN Modelling. The methodology for developing two semi-theoretical-semi-experimental formulae and linking them with the ANN technique for obtaining the optimal CSLS is described in this paper. It is concluded that the CFD analyses of the optimal seals confirmed the improvements caused by the cavity shape and captured performance parameter trends. The Pr values of 1.6 are found in the best circular-grooved square and triangular cavity labyrinth seals.

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CFD, labyrinth seal, CSLS, ANN modelling, etc.

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This paper offers a scholarly examination of Chetan Bhagat's literary works and their subsequent cinematic adaptations, analyzing their core themes, distinctive narrative styles, and profound socio-cultural impact on contemporary Indian youth. It delves into the intricate process of literary adaptation within Indian Hindi cinema, highlighting the inherent challenges and notable successes encountered during the transition from page to screen. By comparatively analyzing selected novel-to-film adaptations, the report elucidates the nuanced audience reception and the broader cultural significance of Bhagat's oeuvre. The analysis positions Bhagat as a pivotal literary and cultural figure who has democratized English fiction in India while simultaneously sparking crucial societal dialogues through his accessible narratives.

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The Interplay of Narrative and Adaptation: An Examination of Chetan Bhagat's Novels and Its Cinematic Manifestations

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E-governance has emerged as a transformative force to reform government through technology, fundamentally shifting the relationship between citizens and government institutions. This study examines the impact of e-governance initiatives on democratic processes in India, analyzing how digital technologies have enhanced transparency, accountability, and citizen participation while simultaneously presenting new challenges. Through comprehensive analysis of secondary sources, government reports, and policy documents, this research evaluates major e-governance programs including Digital India, Aadhaar, Right to Information (RTI) portals, e-procurement systems, and e-panchayats. The findings reveal that e-governance has significantly improved service delivery, reduced corruption, and enhanced citizen engagement, though challenges persist regarding digital divide, privacy concerns, and implementation gaps. The study concludes that while e-governance has strengthened democratic governance in India, a more inclusive and comprehensive approach is necessary to realize its full potential in bridging the gap between citizens and government.

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E-governance; Democracy; Digital India; Citizen participation; Transparency; Accountability

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Whenever we talk of British critical vision in colonial India we encompass a geo-space which is inhabited not only by the natives but as well as by the members of the ruling class. The latter include the British men and women, the women popularly being called the 'Memsahibs'. One of the distinguishing features of the discursive practice during this epoch is the greater visibility of the white woman and a conscious attempt at inventing stereotypes. The two major cultural constructs which come out of the critical machinery of the period seek to present the memsahib firstly as the stereotype of the 'idle, pleasure-seeking, materialistic and adulterous memsahib' (Sen 20) which was often set up against the normative figures of her virtuous, metropolitan counterpart and secondly inscribing the memsahib as a 'tragic exile shouldering hardships, discomforts, tragedies and making sacrifices equal to any male counterpart in the course of empire building' (Sen 45).

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'Memsahibs'

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The study introduces a finite element formulation to examine how different localized in-plane edge stresses influence the buckling characteristics of interlayer hybrid fiber metal laminates (HFMLs). The panel has been constructed utilizing a plate element, incorporating the influences of rotating inertia and shear deformation. The present findings align with readily available literature, validating the efficacy of the current formulation. This study employs aluminum metal face sheets that are encased in four-layered, symmetric hybrid cross-ply and angle-ply laminate configurations. The integration of carbon and glass epoxy interlayer composite laminates is known as hybrid. Each scheme has analyzed six unique hybrid combinations, and the performance of each hybrid combination is evaluated across different loading scenarios. This study examines the influence of various parameters, such as panel aspect ratio, panel thickness, boundary conditions, and hybrid configurations. Analyzing mode shapes offers a comprehensive examination and clarification of the influence of each parameter.

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Boundary conditions, Aspect ratio, Structural Stability, Symmetric Cross Ply, Symmetric Angle Ply.

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Feminism as a theory has evolved and women's political experiences all over the world have expanded the arena of feminism. Indian feminist theorists after 1975, have been trying to define, redefine and reconceptualise the existing gender relations in the Indian society. Indian feminist analysis of patriarchy and gender is often understood with the participation of women in political and civil rights movements. For example, feminist and gender issues of Indian women in the twentieth century were articulated as a part of women's participation in the Freedom Movement of India. the status of women in different societies of India also different form each other. the existence of a tribal economy, the status of women in the region is very unique from rest part of India. after independence, many ethnic movements emerged in this region where a huge women participation is noticed. thus, the participation of women in the ethnic movements add new political experiences and which pave the way to reanalyse the feminist theorist of Inia in a new light. This paper tries to analyse feminism as a part of ethnic movements of Northeast India.

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North East, ethnic movement, identity question, feminism

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ABSTRACT: India is one of the rapid growing economies of the world through expansion of agriculture, rapid urbanization and industrialization which compels planners to overlook the importance of maintaining a natural balance with needs of continuous growing population of India. The targeted GDP growth rate of Indian 11th and 12th planning was 9% and achievement was almost same as 8% for rapid expansion of agriculture, industrialization and uncontrolled growth of urbanization which is threatening on natural environment. These growth oriented economic development strategies have resulted environmental degradation in India with deleting natural resources, degraded land, soil erosion, disappearing forests, endangered species, dangerous toxins, global warming etc. Therefore, it should be a reasonable compromise between developmental activities and conservation of the environment. India has been adopting some course of action since Rio-declaration to improve environmental degradation, to reduce the loss of biodiversity and emission of greenhouse gases and to go ahead towards sustainable development. The present paper is an attempt to study the recent growth oriented development strategies of India and its impacts on environmental degradation. The paper concludes with some policy reflections and emphasizes the potential importance of natural resources for survival of future generation.

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Key words: Development, Population, Environment, Degradation.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) occurs due to the movement of particles in a non-uniform electric field, resulting from the continuous interaction between the particle dipole and the spatial gradient of the electric field. DEP is a commonly utilized technique for particle manipulation in microfluidic devices and is employed in the separation of microparticles such as malignant blood cells, DNA, and other nanoparticles. Besides DEP, other techniques, like centrifugation, are used for particle sorting. DEP is particularly advantageous for sorting blood cells due to its microscale manipulation capabilities and favorable scaling system. This work involves a computational analysis of the separation of blood components, primarily RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. The separation process is based on the properties of blood cells, including their significantly differing sizes and dielectric properties. Various studies and experiments have presented models with specific electrode shapes, inlets, and outlets to achieve cell separation. Modifying the shape and physical dimensions of the electrodes can enable cell separation at a low voltage, as particles are influenced by the electric potential applied to the electrodes and deflect within the channel medium. This study examines the effects of changes in shape, applied voltage, and physical dimensions using two model designs. A comparative analysis of these models with existing ones is conducted, leading to the development and analysis of an optimized design for efficient blood particle separation. The design, modeling, and simulations are performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP), Particle manipulation, Microfluidic devices, Microparticles, Blood cell separation, Red blood cells (RBCs), White blood cells (WBCs), Platelets, Electrode shapes, Electric potential, Computational analysis, Finite Element Method (FEM).

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This research investigates the challenges on education of scheduled tribes in the undivided Koraput, Bolangir and Kalahandi (KBK) districts of Odisha, India. The study utilises secondary data collected from 510 households through a well-designed interview schedule during 2016-17. This study investigates the effects of diverse supply and demand factors that affect the enrolment of tribal children, employing tables, percentages, ratios, and the Probit regression model as analytical tools. The enrolment of children from Scheduled Tribes is notably influenced by a range of supply-side factors, such as the proximity to educational institutions, linguistic barriers, school operating hours, curriculum demands, and inadequate infrastructure. Challenges on the demand side encompass parental poverty, large family size, cost of education, parental illiteracy, and domestic responsibilities. The phenomenon of economic hardship serves as a significant determinant of low enrolment rates, particularly affecting children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This demographic, especially females involved in domestic labour, encounters elevated opportunity costs and extended working hours, which further exacerbate their educational challenges. Regression analysis indicates a positive correlation between enrolment and variables such as family economic status and parental education, while the proximity to forested areas has a discernible impact on attendance rates. Enrolment exhibits an inverse relationship with the distance from educational institutions and a positive correlation with the quality of school infrastructure. Thus, parental motivation is considered crucial for reducing dropout rates and enhancing enrolment among ST children. Improving the enrolment ST children requires that educational institutions located in residential areas are sufficiently equipped with essential infrastructure amenities.

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Constraints, education, tribal, KBK districts, Odisha, India

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India has the largest democracy in the world and one of the important feature of the Indian Party System is the presence of a large number of regional parties, which basically means "a party operating within a limited geographical area and its activities are restricted only to a single or few states". India has a multi-party system with recognition conferred to national, state and district level parties. Those political parties who wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. The status is reviewed periodically by the Election Commission of India (ECI). A recognized party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state run television and radio, a consultation in setting of election dates and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. As per recent publication from Election Commission of India (2018), the total number of parties registered in India is 2,598, out of which, 8 are National parties, 52 are recognized as State parties and 2,538 are unrecognized parties. Registered parties are considered as recognized national or state level parties based upon their party's objective criteria. These regional parties functions simultaneously with national parties and will have huge influence and impact on national politics. Compared to the more comprehensive objectives of national political parties, these regional parties represent the interest, needs and requirements of a particular area. Regional parties necessarily concentrate on specific issues, such as, usage of river water, creating local job opportunities, meeting the local needs of the people etc., In simple words, regional parties differ from National parties both in terms of their objectives, outlook, operations as well as the interests they pursue. This paper attempts to highlight the role and influence casted by regional parties in exercising national policies and politics.

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Democracy, Election system, Multi Party system, Regional Parties, Local objectives, Regional demand.

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This paper explores the impact of global theatrical trends on the experimental theatre movement in India. By analyzing the intersections between international avant-garde practices and Indian experimental theatre, it provides a comparative analysis of how these global influences have shaped theatrical innovations within the Indian context. The study investigates key elements such as narrative techniques, staging, and audience interaction, highlighting how Indian theatre artists have adapted and integrated global practices while maintaining cultural relevance. Through case studies of influential productions and practitioners, the paper illustrates the dynamic exchange between global and local theatrical practices and its contribution to the evolution of contemporary Indian theatre

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Global Influence, Indian Experimental Theatre, Avant-Garde, Narrative Techniques, Staging, Audience Interaction

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ABSTRACT A lung cavity is an air containing space surrounded by a wall of variable thickness{1} Cavitary lung lesions are commonly encountered on imaging,while the cause of pulmonary cavities can be varied depending on its etiology like infection,which may be bacterial or viral{2} .Similarly fungal infection like Aspergillus,Mucor or Candida sp is commonly seen in immunocompromised persons like HIV patients, alcoholics or elderly persons with poor oral hygiene or may be in patients with seizure disorders{3}.Presentation is usually with cough fever malaise.Endemic fungi like Histoplasma or blastomyces and coccidomyces may be causative agents of pulmonary cavities in immunocompetent hosts{4-5} There could be mixed causative factors in immunocompromised patients{6-7} Here we report an interesting case of multiple pulmonary cavities that posed a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical presentation and final treatment outcome.

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Pulmonary cavity, Atypical Pneumonia ,Community Aquired Pneumonia

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The Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB) has played a pivotal role in the financial landscape of Kerala, contributing significantly to economic development and financial inclusion. This study conducts a comprehensive performance analysis of KSCB over the decade from 2007-08 to 2017-18, utilizing secondary data from NAFSCOB and other reputable sources. The analysis focuses on key financial indicators, including paid-up share capital, total reserve funds, total deposits, total loans, and working capital, alongside important financial ratios such as the deposit to loan ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loan to asset ratio. Key findings indicate a substantial growth in paid-up share capital with a CAGR of 40.61%, reflecting significant capital strengthening efforts. While total reserve funds experienced a negative CAGR of -2.72% with notable volatility, total deposits grew steadily at a CAGR of 5.64%, demonstrating increased public trust and effective deposit mobilization. Total loans showed moderate growth with a CAGR of 3.05%, aligning with KSCB's cautious lending strategy, and working capital exhibited a robust CAGR of 9.85%, indicating improved liquidity and operational capacity. The ratio analysis highlights strategic shifts between conservative and aggressive lending approaches, efforts to bolster financial strength, and adjustments in risk exposure. The findings underscore KSCB's adaptability and resilience, providing critical insights for policymakers, bank management, and stakeholders to guide future strategies for sustainable growth and financial stability.

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Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB), Financial Indicators, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth, Ratio Analysis, Cooperative Banking

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Feminism tends to be thought of as a movement of women, and many feminists absolutely reject the idea of allowing men into it. However, men can be as strongly opposed to the injustices from which women suffer as women can. Feminism is not concerned with a group of people it wants to benefit, but with a type of injustice it wants to eliminate. It is not just movement in favour of women, but also a movement against injustice. The people touched upon many issues of slavery. Their works discuss the troubles experienced within slavery--jealous mistresses, sexual exploitation, intelligence as a blessing or curse, community, and motherhood - as well as those that extended past the abolition--continued servitude, the pains and rewards of remembering, and the search for self-worth--and even the issues faced and decisions made by black women in the process of writing and publication.

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Feminism, Patriarchy, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Socialist Feminism.

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River bank erosion is one of the major and unpredictable hazards worldwide. It has long-term consequences on human life and river ecology. It has many faces, like flood, land slide, soil erosion which directly or indirectly effects on the environment of river basin area. Many cases are recorded in hill and semi-hill, even plain region also, where riverbank erosion creates various environmental problems like destruction of forest due to land slide and erosion, loss of land and degrade of water quality etc. Bank erosion is a very silent killer of basin environment.

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River Bank, Environmental Degradation, , Loss of land, Bank Erosion, Soil Erosion,.

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The history of the Open & Distance Learning (ODL) education system in our country is now three decades old. In the phase of rapidly transformation in higher education in our country these universities have the common mandate to reach the disadvantaged group of the people in our society in terms of access and equity for higher education, particularly the distance and remote areas of the country. Two main factors have led to an explosion of interest in distance learning: the growing need for continual skills upgrading and retraining; and the technological advances that have made it possible to teach more and more subjects at a distance. As a force contributing to social and economic development, ODL is fast becoming an accepted and indispensable part of the mainstream of educational systems in both developed and developing countries, with particular emphasis for the latter.

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Student Support Services (SSSs) in Open and Distance Learning Institutions of Assam

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Literacy is growing fast in all the regions of the world. In India too more children are now getting education than before. But it is important to ask whether all the regions and states of India are growing equally or is there a variation, whether children are getting the minimum facilities in school, and all the regions and states of India are equally providing educational facilities to their children. This paper aims to analyze the status of primary education in India's North East. The analysis is carried out on the basis of some parameters associated with primary education, and it indicates the existence of intra-regional disparities in development of primary education.

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Primary education, Educational facilities, Northeast States

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This study aims to evaluate the training management policies and practices at Dilla University. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional case study was conducted, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to ensure a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the subject. Multi-step sampling techniques were employed, beginning with the stratification of the target population, followed by simple random sampling within each stratum. Additionally, judgmental sampling was applied for key informant interviews. A combination of primary and secondary sources was utilized to address the research questions, depending on the nature of the information sought. Comprehensive research instruments, including structured questionnaires and interviews, were developed and employed to collect data for analysis. The study's findings, presented through descriptive analysis, highlighted several key insights. The training management policy, an integral component of the university's human resource department, is designed to enhance employee quality and capability while ensuring the delivery of efficient and dependable services. Furthermore, the university's training practices have demonstrated adaptability to changes in the workplace, effectively enhancing the skills and knowledge of employees. However, in terms of employee selection for training, the study found that performance appraisal and seniority in service years are the most commonly practiced criteria. Notably, the study revealed deficiencies in training needs analysis. This issue stems from barriers such as the absence of a clear training policy and challenges in precisely identifying the required skills, knowledge, and personal attitudes. This assessment sheds light on the strengths and shortcomings of training management policies and practices at Dilla University, offering valuable insights for potential improvements and future development in this critical area.

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Training Management, Dilla University, Assessment, Training Policies, Employee Development

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The architectural education landscape in India stands at a crossroads, witnessing transformation in the wake of the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020. This policy emphasizes holistic and multidisciplinary learning, demanding a reevaluation of architectural pedagogy. Architects today engage with diverse facets of society, technology, and culture, necessitating a departure from traditional silos. This research paper reviews the key provisions of NEP 2020, their impact on architectural education, and international best practices. It concludes with recommendations for reimagining architectural education in India within the context of NEP 2020, aimed at fostering adaptability, relevance, and quality.

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Architectural Education, NEP 2020, Holistic Learning, Multidisciplinary Pedagogy, Reimagining Education

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This research paper explores the evolving landscape of responsible building envelopes and their crucial role in sustainable construction. While traditional building envelope design has primarily focused on optimizing energy efficiency, this paper argues that it is essential to transition beyond a narrow focus on energy consumption. Addressing broader sustainability challenges, including resource utilization, environmental impacts, and occupant well-being, necessitates embracing responsible building envelopes. Responsible building envelopes encompass considerations that extend beyond energy efficiency, such as material choices, life cycle analysis, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Drawing insights from the literature on energy transitions and sustainability principles, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on responsible building envelopes and their significance in the transition toward sustainable construction practices.

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Building Envelopes, Sustainability, Energy Efficiency, Responsible Design, Material Choices, Renewable Energy, Transition.

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