Volume 14 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Getting a microcontroller to classify human movement without any cloud dependency was the core challenge we wanted to tackle. The common assumption is that useful motion recognition requires a server somewhere in the loop -- our project was built around questioning that. The system we developed reads raw IMU output, feeds it into a quantized neural network running on the same chip, and produces a motion label in under 12 ms with no network involvement at all. We evaluated across five gesture categories (idle, wrist rotation, arm raise, horizontal swipe, vertical punch), drawing training data from eight participants across multiple recording sessions. Quantizing to INT8 brought us to 94.3% top-1 accuracy on the held-out test set -- only 1.5 percentage points behind the full-precision model. The complete firmware on the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense came in at 62.7 KB, comfortably within the 256 KB available. One thing that genuinely surprised us during development was how unaffected inference was when we cut wireless connectivity entirely. Disabling the radio had no measurable impact on latency or accuracy. Everything we built -- includ- ing the parts that did not work out as planned -- is documented below.

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AI, ML, IMU

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Inflammatory conditions like redness, swelling, dermatitis and burns are commonly treated with synthetic topical anti-inflammatory formulations which may cause side effects when use for long time period. Cynodon dactylon is a medicinal plant traditionally known for its anti inflammatory properties. The study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory cream prepared using Cynodon dactylon. The formulation was developed to effectively use of water soluble phytoconstituents of the plant. The cream was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters like appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability and homogeneity. Its anti-inflammatory activity was examined by using suitable in-vitro method and the results showed that the cream exhibited acceptable physicochemical properties. The anti-inflammatory effect is observed due to presence of compounds like flavonoids and phenolic compounds found in aqueous extract. Over all the study shows that the aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon has strong potential for use in herbal anti-inflammatory cream as a safe and natural alternative for synthetic topical creams.

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Anti-inflammatory, Cynodon dactylone, herbal cream, aqueous extract.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of plyometric and core training combined with specific training on selected physiological variables among college men's cricket players. 45 male Cricket players were randomly selected as the subjects for this study from the age group 18- 25 years in the Erode district. The participants were trained in the plyometric group I (PG), the Core training group II (CG), and the control group. Each group consisted of 15 subjects. Separate linear regression models were used to evaluate the pre-post change in variables. All the subjects were informed about the nature of the study and were asked to cooperate till the end of the experiment and testing period. The experimental treatment, namely plyometric training and core training, was administered for a duration of 8 weeks, and the number of sessions per week was confined to three alternative days. Each session lasted 60 minutes, in addition to the regular schedule of the Cricket training, and both the training packages are presented in Appendices I and II, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in baseline scores in resting heart rate were comparable between the three groups of college Cricket players. resting heart rate improved by 76.46 in the plyometric training group, 77.40 in the core training group, and 80.06 in the control group. Additional research on long-duration intervention in elite players may help to establish the role of plyometric training and core training in conventional Cricket skills for training.

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Keywords: Physiological, resting heart rate, Plyometric Training, Core Training and Cricket

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 Abstract

E. Forster attempts to enrich the anti-hostile communication between British colonizers and colonized Indians in his novel A Passage to India. The novel shows how cultural conflicts between British and Indians occurred repeatedly in India during the colonial period. The English in this novel see themselves as superior and treat the Indians with complete injustice. Finally, a British colonial presence in India was considered a very real possibility and gave rise to an ongoing cultural conflict. Forster illustrates the cultural clash between the British colonizers and the Indian colonized. The belief of British superiority over Indian culture creates a barrier to establishing personal relationships based on equality. This superiority complex and nationalist sentiment lead to cultural conflicts in India, emphasizing the damaging effects of colonialism on both colonizers and the colonized. This superiority has created a kind of otherness among Britishers for Indians. The West, according to Said, constructs the Orient as its "Other," an image that is fundamentally different and inferior, in order to bolster its own sense of self and justify its power.

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 Keywords

Colonialism, Postcolonialism, Orientalism, Psychology, Other. Orient etc.

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 Abstract

Female infertility is rising globally due to delayed childbearing, metabolic disorders, lifestyle imbalance, environmental toxins, and inflammatory conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis. Contemporary management mainly focuses on hormonal correction and assisted reproductive techniques, often overlooking systemic co-factors, such as the overall health and lifestyle of the individual, which can significantly impact fertility outcomes. Ayurveda explains fertility through the principles of Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, and Beeja, supported by balanced Vata and proper Agni. Disturbances in these components impair conception. Through individualized Prakriti-based management, Ayurveda emphasizes Nidana Parivarjana, Agni correction, Shodhana, Shamana, and Rasayana therapy to improve Dhatu quality, enhance reproductive potential, reduce oxidative stress, and strengthen overall vitality

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INTEGRATIVE AND PREPARATORY APPROACHES IN FEMALE INFERTILITY MANAGEMENT

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Structured teaching, teenage crisis and management.

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The Wifi Based Home Automation System enables users to operate home appliances through a dedicated application which operates Wi-Fi for home automation. The system uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to connect home appliances through Wi-Fi which maintains a constant connection to a central controller that operates on ESP32 microcontroller. Users can operate the system with its simple design which can grow to handle increasing system demands while maintaining energy efficiency. The system provides essential home device control to regular users while delivering extra benefits to users who experience physical challenges and to elderly users. The system operates safely through its real-time data feedback, multi-device support and built-in security features. System control enables users to operate the system through voice commands and through a dedicated system application which communicates with the microcontroller using Wi-Fi. Users control lights and fans and all other electrical devices by speaking to their voice assistant or through their mobile application which offers simple control. The app enables users to manage their home functions by sending real-time commands through the internet which allows them to control their home system from any location. The system shows a budget-friendly solution which helps smart homes operate through IoT and wireless technology while AI-based voice assistance systems enhance home management and personal living.

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 Keywords

Wi-Fi automation, Smart Home, Home Automation System, ESP32, Remote access.

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 Abstract

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that significantly limits agricultural productivity, particularly in oilseed crops such as Arachis hypogaea L. The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of groundnut plants under individual and combined stress conditions of sodium chloride (NaCl) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO?). The experiment was conducted under controlled pot conditions with four treatments: control, ZnSO? stress, NaCl stress, and combined NaCl + ZnSO? stress. After 90 days of treatment, growth parameters, physiological attributes, and biochemical markers were assessed. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll concentration due to osmotic imbalance and impaired photosynthetic efficiency. However, ZnSO? treatment enhanced biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content. Notably, combined treatment improved relative water content and maintained higher chlorophyll levels compared to NaCl stress alone, indicating a protective role of zinc. Proline accumulation further suggested improved osmotic adjustment under stress conditions. These findings demonstrate that zinc supplementation can effectively mitigate salinity-induced damage and enhance stress tolerance in groundnut.

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Arachis hypogaea L, salt stress, zinc toxicity, abiotic stress, relative water content, chlorophyll, proline.

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The present study examines the effect of Parenting Style on Moral Development of various schools. The total sample consists of 80 students class Xl. 40 boys and 40 girls of Durg district were taken on the basis of random sampling technique. Parenting Style Scale prepared by Dr Madhu Gupta & Dimple Mehthani in (2017) and Moral Development prepared by Dr Alpana Sen Gupta & Shagufta Fakhruddin in (2015) was used as a tool for the present study to collect the data. Data were analysed by t- value. There is no significant effect of Democratic and Autocratic Parenting Style on the Moral Development of adolescent. On the other hand there is significant effect of Permissive and Uninvolved Parenting Style on the Moral Development of adolescent. And also found that there exists no significant effect of type of school on the Moral Development of adolescent.

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Parenting Style, Moral Development, Adolescents, Type of schools

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This project focuses on designing and building a compact, multi-parameter biomedical monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller. The idea behind this work was to create a simple, low-cost device that can continuously track important health parameters, especially in situations where access to advanced medical equipment is limited or not practical. To achieve this, the system combines several commonly used biosensors. A MAX30102 module is used to measure heart rate and blood oxygen levels (SpO?) using photoplethysmography (PPG). For monitoring heart activity, an AD8232-based ECG sensor is included, while muscle signals are captured using a basic EMG sensor. In addition, a temperature sensor such as the DS18B20 is used to keep track of body temperature. Bringing all these sensors together allows the system to monitor multiple physiological signals at the same time. Both analog and digital signals from these sensors are handled by the ESP32. For signals like ECG and EMG, which are more sensitive to noise, simple signal conditioning techniques were applied. This included basic amplification and RC filtering to reduce interference from sources like power-line noise and body movement. The ESP32 reads these signals through its ADC channels, while digital data from the MAX30102 is obtained via I2C communication. Depending on the type of signal, a sampling rate between 100 and 500 Hz was used. To further improve signal quality, lightweight software filters such as moving average and bandpass filters were implemented. The system is capable of processing multiple inputs almost in real time, with reasonable synchronization across different channels. The measured values--such as heart rate (in BPM), SpO? levels, ECG waveform, EMG activity, and temperature--are displayed instantly on a small LCD or OLED screen. This makes it easy to view the data directly on the device without needing any external system. To extend its functionality, the ESP32's built-in Wi-Fi is used to send data to cloud platforms like Thing Speak or through an MQTT-based setup. This allows users or healthcare providers to monitor the readings remotely from anywhere with an internet connection. The communication is designed to be lightweight so that it does not significantly affect performance or power consumption. One of the main strengths of this system is its affordability and simplicity. Since it uses easily available components, the overall cost remains low, making it suitable for home monitoring, educational projects, or basic telehealth applications. Data transmission to the cloud was also reliable, with only minor delays observed. However, it is important to note that this system is intended as a proof-of-concept and is not a replacement for certified medical equipment. Overall, this project demonstrates how microcontrollers like the ESP32, when combined with low-cost sensors and IoT capabilities, can be used to build practical and accessible health monitoring solutions.

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 Keywords

Biomedical Signal Processing, ESP32 Microcontroller, MAX30102, ECG (Electrocardiogram), EMG (Electromyography), SpO? Monitoring, Heart Rate Monitoring, Real-Time Health Monitoring, Internet of Things (IoT), Remote Patient Monitoring, Wearable Health Devices, Signal Conditioning, Embedded Systems, Low-Cost Healthcare Solution, Cloud-Based Monitoring.

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 Abstract

EduTrack is a web-based application designed to manage the institutional data. In current time, every college and institution collects large number of data and storing that data manually can be hurdle and time consuming. A simple solution we present is EduTrack which is a MERN based web-application which allows users to manage institutional data efficiently. The System is build using MERN stack to meet the current trends in industry. The system includes role based access control (RBAC) for their users to ensure secure access control. This system follows a modular database design where entities such as students, teachers, assignments, attendance, and marks are maintained in separate collections to ensure scalability and efficient data retrieval. It provides dedicated dashboard for each user role, enabling administrators to manage users, teachers to handle attendance, assignments, and marks, and students to view their academic records dynamically. EduTrack follows academic-year grouping, which allows teachers to assign tasks to an entire class without redundancy. The frontend is build using React with Tailwind CSS for a responsive and user-friendly interface. EduTrack practically demonstrates the implementation of full-stack development including RESTful APIs, role-based access control (RBAC), efficient data handling, authentication and authorization.

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MERN Stack, RBAC, JWT, RESTful APIs, MongoDB, cookie-parser, Bcrypt, Student Management System, Web Application

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 Abstract

Financial pressures have become a significant concern for young adults, influencing not only their lifestyle and career choices but also their mental well-being. As young people transition into adulthood, they often face challenges such as managing educational expenses, finding stable employment, and meeting rising living costs. These financial demands can lead to heightened stress, anxiety, and depression, especially in fast-paced urban environments where competition and living expenses are high. Urban cities, while offering diverse opportunities, also expose young adults to greater financial insecurity through factors like job instability, debt, and social comparison. This study aims to explore the relationship between financial pressures and mental health among young adults, with a focus on understanding how these challenges manifest in urban contexts like Bangalore. By examining the psychological and social impacts of financial stress, the research seeks to highlight the need for stronger financial literacy programs, accessible mental health support, and workplace or institutional policies that promote emotional and financial well-being among young adults.

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 Keywords

Financial stress, mental health, young adults, anxiety, depression, Bangalore

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 Abstract

The labor market in India is undergoing a profound transformation due to technological advancements, globalization, and the rise of the gig economy. Traditional labor laws, designed for permanent employment, have struggled to accommodate the increasing prevalence of flexible, non-standard work arrangements. The gig economy, characterized by short-term, task-based, and digital platform-mediated work, offers both opportunities and challenges for workers and policymakers. This research paper explores the current landscape of labor law reforms in India, focusing on the integration of gig workers into the legal framework, social security provision, and the challenges of regulating platform-based employment. The paper also examines comparative global practices, identifies gaps in the existing legal system, and proposes reforms to ensure equitable labor protection, social security, and sustainable economic growth in the evolving labor market.

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Labor Law Reforms; Gig Economy ; Platform Workers; Social Security; Non-Standard Employment.

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 Abstract

India's higher-education sector encompasses more than 43 million enrolled students, a demographic that collectively holds an extraordinary breadth of marketable skills, ranging from software development and graphic design to tutoring and digital content creation. Despite this talent density, no campus-specific digital infrastructure exists to channel peer-to-peer service exchange in a structured, transparent, and financially viable manner. This paper presents CampusKart, a web-based freelancing marketplace designed exclusively for the Indian collegiate context. The platform enables students to post skill-based tasks, discover relevant opportunities, and transact via an internal digital currency called Campus Coins, thereby eliminating the payment complexity associated with mainstream freelancing platforms. Built on a React and Vite front-end with Node.js, Express.js, and PostgreSQL forming the full-stack backbone, CampusKart implements secure JWT authentication, CRUD-based task management, a real-time wallet engine, and a timestamped activity tracker. Empirical testing across thirteen functional test cases confirms complete system reliability. Comparative analysis against Fiverr, Upwork, and Internshala validates the platform's unique value proposition in removing entry barriers for first-time student freelancers. The system establishes a replicable model for formalized campus-level digital economies across Indian higher-education institutions.

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Campus freelancing, digital marketplace, gig economy, student platform, Campus Coins, React, Node.js, PostgreSQL, peer-to-peer task exchange, higher education technology.

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 Abstract

Role Of Regional Political, Parties In India

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Role Of Regional Political, Parties In India

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The rapid rise in municipal solid waste is placing enormous pressure on urban infrastructure, recycling systems, and the natural environment. Proper waste separation at the source remains one of the most effective strategies for reducing landfill burden and improving recyclability, but manual sorting is slow, inconsistent, and hazardous for workers. This paper describes an automated garbage classification system built on a deep learning backbone, designed to sort waste in real time. The system uses MobileNetV2 with transfer learning to classify waste into twelve distinct categories. Training was supported by aggressive data augmentation and a two-phase learning process that first trains a custom classification head, then fine-tunes the deeper feature extraction layers. On a dataset of 15,515 images, the system reached a validation accuracy of 96.97%, which held up well across precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrix evaluations. The results confirm that lightweight deep learning architectures can approach the performance of far heavier models while remaining deployable on edge hardware, smart waste bins, and IoT-connected systems.

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Garbage Classification, Deep Learning, MobileNetV2, Transfer Learning, Image Classification, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

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 Abstract

The importance of detecting plant diseases is paramount in improving crop production. Conventional methods for detecting plant diseases are, however, cumbersome and demand specialized knowledge to implement successfully. This research project is intended to create a new method for deep learning known as the Attention-Driven Vision Transformer Framework for Leaf Fungal Disease Detection. This approach incorporates a ViT (Vision Transformer) model augmented with attention mechanisms that facilitate effective extraction of global and local features of the images. During the training phase of the model, publicly available databases related to different plant diseases are used so that the system can detect diverse forms of fungal infections. Image processing operations include normalization, augmentation, and resizing, which enable the model to improve its generalization ability. Also, the use of the attention mechanism will allow the system to identify critical features of the leaf image. Results from tests performed on the proposed method suggest that it offers excellent performance in terms of accuracy and precision in identifying various fungal infections. Moreover, the system is robust to varying background illumination conditions. Therefore, it may be applied to automate fungal infection identification using both mobile and web applications. In general, this research shows how powerful transformers can be when applied in agriculture, providing an efficient and intelligent way of detecting diseases on plants at the early stages of their appearance.

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 Keywords

Vision Transformer, Attention Mechanism, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Precision Agriculture

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 Abstract

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Romanticism, individualism, emotional depth, nationalism

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Food insecurity and food waste are two paradoxical crises that co-exist in every modern city. Tonnes of edible surplus food are discarded daily by restaurants, households, and institutions while millions of people remain chronically undernourished. This paper presents the Smart Food Donation and Surplus Redistribution System -- a PHP and MySQL web application that digitizes the full donation lifecycle and connects food donors directly with NGOs.

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Food Donation, Surplus Redistribution, NGO Coordination, PHP, MySQL, Web Application, Role-Based Access Control, Delivery Tracking, Geo-Location, Leaflet.js, Food Waste Management, Chart.js

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Abstract: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is the flagship program of Government of India under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, aims to ensure Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) to all rural households and provide safe, adequate, and regular drinking water. The present study is conducted in the village- Sonthi, District - Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh to analysis the impact of the Jal Jeevan Mission on the daily activities and socio-economic engagement of rural women in the village, and health outcomes of rural households in the village. The study's conclusions illustrate that although the program has greatly lessened the tedious task of collecting water, enhanced hygiene standards, and given more time for home and livelihood activities, a number of issues still exist. Problems including inconsistent supply, poor tank cleaning, low water pressure, and ongoing reliance on conventional sources draw attention to deficiencies in infrastructure upkeep and service provision. Despite these drawbacks, JJM has improved socio-economic activities, health knowledge, and community involvement, especially for women who have historically been responsible for water collecting.

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Key Word : Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs), Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs)

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