Volume 12 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Environmental conservation and waste management are critical global concerns. Automated trash detection in outdoor natural environments holds immense potential for efficient waste removal and environmental preservation. This project presents a novel approach utilizing the CNN deep learning architecture for real-time detection and identification of trash items in natural settings. The methodology involves the collection and annotation of a image dataset which comprising various environmental scenes with diverse types of litter. The CNN model is trained, fine-tuned, and optimized on this dataset to accurately detect and classify different types of trashes. Our proposed system utilizes real-time trash detection, which captures the trash using the system camera. Captured trash image is processed by CNN model which detects and classify the trashes in real time. Upon detection of trash, an automated email notification system is triggered, facilitating prompt clean up actions. The project aims to address the critical issue of outdoor littering by providing a scalable and efficient solution for trash detection in natural environments. The implementation of real-time detection coupled with automated notifications ensures timely intervention, contributing to the preservation of ecological balance and the promotion of cleaner outdoor spaces. The proposed system not only accurately detects trash items but also classifies them into distinct categories, enhancing its utility for waste management and environmental conservation efforts. The evaluation of the model demonstrates its robustness in accurately identifying and localizing trash items in outdoor environments

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Using Deep Learning,To Detect the Image and Verified it is organic waste or bio-waste.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Iraq War (2003-11) also known as the Second Persian Straight Struggle Baxley in Iraq, which had two stages: a brief baEle in 2003 between Iraq and a combined force of troops primarily from the United States and Extraordinary Britain; and a subsequent U.S.-driven takeover of Iraq and expansion of Iraqi-equipped rebel forces against it. By 2001, the trade boycoE and arms-investment process that the United NaOons imposed on Iraq during the Persian Channel War (1990-91) had mostly come to an end. According to U.S. President George W. Bush, the September 11 assaults on the country that same year brought to light the threat that has nation like Iraq posed to American security. The UN requested that Iraq comply with Security Board ObjecOve 1441 in November 2002.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prelude to War,The 2003 Conflict,Occupation on of Iraq , A controversial War ,Legality of the Invasion , A Germath of the Invasion , Media Coverage , Loot & Damage , Public Opinion.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The utilization of nano-silica as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixtures has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance the performance and durability of concrete structures. This project investigates the effects of incorporating nano-silica into concrete mixes, with varying replacement levels of cement, on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of the resulting concrete. The study involves the preparation of concrete specimens with different proportions of nano-silica replacing cement by weight. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength are evaluated through laboratory testing. Additionally, durability aspects including resistance to chloride ion penetration, sulfate attack, and carbonation are assessed to determine the long-term performance of nano-silica modified concrete. The results obtained from this study contribute to the understanding of the influence of nano-silica on the properties of concrete, providing valuable insights for the construction industry. The findings will aid in optimizing concrete mix designs for improved strength, durability, and sustainability, thereby promoting the adoption of nano-silica as a viable supplementary material in concrete production.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

nano-silica, concrete mix, partial replacement, cement, mechanical properties, durability, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, chloride ion penetration, sulfate attack, carbonation, sustainable construction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mobile banking applications have fundamentally modified the financial landscape. However, the nuanced acceptance and utilisation of this technology vary markedly across generational groups. This project delves into this interesting dynamic, conducting a comparative analysis of Gen Z and Gen X with a structured questionnaire obtained from 350 respondents in the Trichy and Thanjavur regions. The duration of the project is January to March 2024. Factors used for analysis here include the census or demographic profile of the m-banking users, and independent factors viz., Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Value, Perceived Risk, and Perceived Trust. Findings from correlation exhibit perceived usefulness (0.646) and perceived risk (0.606) have the highest correlation value with the attitude of Gen X and it shows the perceived value (0.683), perceived ease of use (0.640) has the highest correlation value with the attitude of Gen Z. Findings from CB-SEM model identified that R-square value of 0.971 which indicates that 97.1% of the variability in the dependent or response variable is explained by the explanatory or independent variable for Gen X and an R-square value of 0.915 which indicates that 91.5% of the variability in the response variable is explained by the explanatory variable for Gen Z. Recommendations include delivering tailored products by analyzing the needs and preferences of the M-banking users to further increase the acceptance of this disruptive innovation in the future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mobile banking, Attitude, Gen X, Gen Z.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Orally dissolving tablets (ODTs) offer a significant advantage in terms of patient compliance and convenience, particularly for populations with swallowing difficulties or aversions to traditional solid dosage forms. ODTs dissolve rapidly in the mouth, reducing the risk of choking in patients with dysphagia and ensuring safer administration. However, their formulation and manufacturing pose unique challenges that require specialized approaches to ensure efficacy, palatability and stability. Excipient selection like super disintegrants, fillers and manufacturing processes are crucial for enhancing the disintegration and dissolution of ODTs leading to faster onset of action and improved therapeutic efficacy. Many new molecules and other drugs with unpleasant tastes can negatively impact patient compliance hence it is mandatory to use and optimize taste modifiers, such as sweeteners or flavoring agents to improve palatability and patient acceptability. Coprocessed excipients offer synergistic benefits by combining the advantages of multiple excipients into a single formulation to optimize ODT's quality parameters such as disintegration, dissolution and tablet hardness, while simplifying the formulation and manufacturing process. Advanced manufacturing technologies, such as spray drying, lyophilization and direct compression, improve the uniformity and stability of ODTs. The utilization of patented technologies offers unique advantages such as rapid dissolution, taste masking, improved mechanical strength, and enhanced drug delivery. It is necessary to understand the importance of ODT platform technologies in enhancing patient adherence, especially for vulnerable populations. Furthermore, ongoing research and innovation in this field continue to drive advancements in ODT technology and offer advantages in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness and scalability to enhance its therapeutic potential and market viability. This review outlines various strategies employed to address these challenges and optimize ODT formulations and manufacturing processes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: patient compliance, disintegration, taste, excipients, dissolution, stability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The sedition law in India, Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code, has long been a subject of controversy and debate. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sedition law in India, examining its historical context, legal provisions, interpretation by courts, criticisms, and implications for freedom of expression and democracy. Through a critical examination of various judicial pronouncements and scholarly opinions, this paper seeks to evaluate the necessity and relevance of the sedition law in contemporary India, considering its potential for misuse and its impact on dissent and democratic principles. The paper concludes by highlighting the urgent need for a thorough review and reconsideration of the sedition law to ensure that it aligns with constitutional values and respects democratic principles while safeguarding national security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sedition, India, Indian Penal Code, Freedom of Expression, Democracy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research investigates machine learning and fuzzy logic techniques for analyzing and predicting student performance. Logistic regression and random forest models are used to predict pass/fail outcomes and identify potential dropouts. A random forest classifier categorizes students into performance levels based on subject grades, class conduct, and attendance. A gradient boosting regression predicts Grade Point Average (GPA) using subject grades. Support vector machines classify students into performance categories considering various features. Additionally, a fuzzy logic system assesses student performance based on average subject marks, class conduct, and attendance. These approaches offer insights into educational assessment and provide a foundation for further research in optimizing interventions and enhancing student outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

machine learning, fuzzy logic, student performance, logistic regression, random forest, classification, dropout prediction, performance categorization, grade prediction, support vector machine

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study reviews and analyses an energy-storage-equipped diesel generator set, a solar PV (photovoltaic) array, a battery, and an electric vehicle charging station that is powered by the grid (CS). Battery storage is the main application for the charging station, which uses a solar PV system and a BES. When the storage battery runs out or the solar array is unable to provide any electricity, clever usage of the charging station can use a DG (Diesel Generator) unit or the grid to supply electricity. The DG sets are designed to operate at a consistent 80-85 percent level of the model in order to maximize fuel efficiency. The transportation industry's high CO2 emissions contaminate the environment worldwide. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a fantastic chance to cut carbon emissions. Battery charging stations facilitate the efficient and speedy charging of electric vehicles. Switching Technology is the best way to complete an extensive statewide trip. This essay examines the effectiveness of electric vehicles in several electrical aspects and discusses the drawbacks and advantages of adopting them as a sensible step towards sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient transportation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

-- Electric Vehicles; PV Array; Charging Modes; DG Set; Grid.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study delves into the realm of Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in the Indian financial market. It offers a comprehensive analysis of their growth, performance, and investor preferences. The research employs a questionnaire survey to gather primary data on investor perceptions and experiences with AIFs. The data is analyzed using statistical tools and presented through graphs to highlight key findings. The paper explores the concept of AIFs, their regulatory framework in India, and their significance in boosting the nation's economic landscape. It then dissects various categories of alternative investments, including hedge funds, private equity funds (leveraged buyouts and venture capital), real estate, commodities, gold, art, and collectibles.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs), Indian financial market, investor preferences, performance analysis, risk-adjusted returns, private equity, venture capital, real estate, hedge funds, commodities, gold, art.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cell lines have been pivotal tools in various fields of research, including cancer biology, drug discovery, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different types of cell lines, their applications, and associated challenges. The review begins by categorizing cell lines based on their origin, including immortalized cell lines, primary cell lines, and stem cell lines. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumor or transformed cells, offer advantages in long-term culture but may exhibit genetic alterations not present in primary cells. Primary cell lines, obtained directly from tissues, closely resemble in vivo conditions but have limited replicative capacity. Stem cell lines, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, making them valuable for regenerative medicine and disease modelling. The applications of cell lines span a wide range of research areas. Cancer cell lines, in particular, are extensively used for studying tumor biology, drug screening, and personalized medicine. Additionally, cell lines derived from specific tissues or organs contribute to understanding organ development, physiology, and pathology. Stem cell lines hold promise for cell-based therapies, tissue engineering, and studying developmental processes. Despite their widespread utility, cell lines pose several challenges. Contamination, misidentification, and genetic drift are common issues that can compromise research integrity. Furthermore, discrepancies between cell lines and in vivo models may limit translational relevance. Standardization of cell line authentication, culture conditions, and experimental protocols is essential to address these challenges and ensure reproducibility across studies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cell lines, immortalized cell lines, primary cell lines, stem cell lines, cancer biology, drug discovery, regenerative medicine, challenges, applications.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As a result of advancements in computer technology, the incorporation of artificial intelligence technologies into various applications is becoming increasingly widespread. A brief overview of the artificial intelligence technology, including its makeup and the procedure by which it was developed, is presented in this paper. Also included are the potential fields of mechanical and electrical engineering, as well as an evaluation of the relationship between these fields and AI advancements. All in all, a synopsis of the advancement of artificial intelligence might be tracked down in the field of mechanical issue determination. To show the particular utilization of artificial intelligence in mechanical engineering, we should accept the imperfection location of a hot fashioning press for instance. The procedures of artificial intelligence and their utilization in specialized diagnostics are the points that are talked about in this article. Various methodologies, for example, deep learning, will be given an exceptional importance. With regards to imperfection location and example acknowledgment, the deep learning strategy seems, by all accounts, to be a fantastic up-and-comer. The strategy was used to direct specialized diagnostics inside the car producing office, and the issue will be definite in the paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords:Exploration, The Power of Artificial Intelligence, Mechanical Engineering Advancements.Deep learning, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, deep belief networks, deep convolutional neural networks, histogram, scale-invariant feature transform, rectified linear unit.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The most important feature for identifying a person is their face. Even twins have different faces from each other. Therefore, in order to differentiate one another, face recognition and identification are needed. The system used to verify an individual's identity using biometric data is called a face recognition system. In many applications these days, including phone unlocking, criminal identification, and even home security systems, face recognition has gained popularity. This technology is more secure because it only requires a face image rather than a card or key. Face detection and face identification are the two stages that a typical human recognition system goes through. This paper presents the idea behind creating a deep learning-based face recognition system with OpenCV in Python. Because of its great accuracy, deep learning appears to be a suitable technique for carrying out face recognition. The accuracy of the suggested face recognition system is shown by the experimental results.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Face Recognition, Accuracy, Biometric, Deep Learning, Algorithm.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

the Following journal is based upon the event (War) that happened in Iraq in 2003. It was a war between the armed forces of Iraq led by Saddam Hussain and the western power (united) like The U.S.A. & its European allies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Research paper on Iraqi war

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As far as bodily organs go, the skin is king. It is a major route for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Transcutaneous delivery has numerous benefits over the oral and parenteral route of administration. However, the stratum corneum remains the main barrier in the effective delivery of wide collection of therapeutic molecules in the blood, specifically macromolecules. As the ideal characteristics to be delivered through the skin,the drugs should be sufficiently lipophilic and non ionic and should have lower molecular weight i.e. <500 da. Numerous studies have shown that, macromolecules require external sources of energy for their penetration through the skin. Although, these techniques are employed with additional assembly and require more investment in terms of money and time. Microneedles have recently been investigated for the delivery of macromolecules through a minimal invasive, painless procedure that penetrates the stratum corneum and creates micropores in the skin toenablethe successful passage of molecules through the skin into the systemic circulation.This method may prove cost-effective and more compliant as far as drug administrations by hypodermic needles are concerned.To portray the exceptional utility of these methods in transcutaneous delivery of hydrophilic or very large molecules, the present review aims to bring forward the current development in microneedle-based drug delivery and describe the essential features of these systems that are enabling them to transform the present and the future of transdermal drug delivery approaches. Future investigations on microneedle arrays may contribute to the advancement of the therapeutic efficiency of other molecules that are yet hard to deliver through the transcutaneous route following passive diffusion.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transdermal, Micro-needle, Macromolecules, Advanced Macromolecule delivery, Vaccine, Protein and peptide

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a novel application of Augmented Reality (AR) that aims to transform the marketing and presentation of real estate properties. Using cutting-edge augmented reality technology, the app offers interactive space exploration and seamlessly integrates property measurements to create a dynamic and immersive user experience. Users can tailor their experience to their preferences with carefully designed room layouts and wall designs. Additionally, the app offers insightful infrastructure recommendations to help users make well-informed decisions about improvements or alterations to their properties. Incorporating realistic objects into virtual designs improves them and helps prospective buyers see themselves in the space. A seamless user experience is enhanced by features that are easy to use and intuitive navigation. The application holds great importance for real estate professionals as it streamlines sales procedures and enhances property displays. With its extensive furniture database and customizable experiences, the AR real estate app is expected to raise the bar for industry standards and improve user immersion. This project, which was completed in Android Studio using the ARCore plugin, demonstrates a dedication to both technological innovation and useful application in the real estate industry. The AR real estate app works to stay at the forefront of innovation by implementing continuous improvement initiatives, such as integrating user feedback and updating technology, in order to meet the changing needs of users and industry standards.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Augmented Reality (AR), Real estate properties, Interactive space exploration, Property measurements integration, Dynamic user experience, Tailored room layouts, Wall designs, Infrastructure recommendations, Realistic virtual objects, Seamless user experience, Sales procedure optimization, Extensive furniture database, Customizable experiences, Android Studio, ARCore plugin, Continuous improvement.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a new innovation for urban agriculture using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system addresses sustainability and limited resources in traditional agriculture by integrating a network of sensors, actuators and advanced analytics. Real-time data collection, automatic precision irrigation, optimized nutrient distribution and energy-saving studies are the main research areas. The solution provides farmers with insights to make better decisions through remote monitoring and predictive modelling. It promotes the energy sector using export technology. This article presents the most comprehensive solutions for healthy and smart city management and contributes to the debate on smart agriculture by analyzing the design process, use and impact.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Gardening System Using IOT

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Due to increasing number of vehicles traffic 1.1 Literature Survey jams are becoming a common scenario in the whole country as well as in the world. These frequent traffic jams at major junctions kill a lot of man hours. Thus it creates a need for an efficient traffic management system. So here we are going to implement a smart traffic control system which is based on the measurement of traffic density using real time video processing technique. Through this paper we tried to present a progress in the existing manual traffic control system. In our proposed system, we are going to use real time traffic data from CCTV cameras, we are going to processes that data using a Raspberry pi microcontroller, and by extracting meaningful information from real time traffic data such as vehicle types, density of traffic, emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, police vehicles etc. we are going to assign various traffic signal times according to density at that specific road. This we are going to achieve using IoT, Machine learning. We are going to use HAAR Cascade algorithm specifically for drawing boundaries around vehicles, and same algorithm will get used for vehicle identification.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

CCTV, Raspberry pi, Edge detection, HAAR Cascade, IoT, Machine Learning.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hair plays a vital role in the personality of human which are the eruptions from the skin. Herbal formulations always have lesser or no side effects comparatively with synthetic. The aim of present study involves preparation of herbal hair oil using the herbal ingredients like, Pomogranate (Leaves), Hibiscus(leaves), Curry Leaves (Leaves), Coconut Oil. Based on the above observations, mixture of crude drugs was prepared in the form of herbal hair oil by boiling method. We have used two formulas using different herbal drugs and all the formulation are showing hair promoting activity with some of other beneficial activities like antidandruff activity, improves blood circulation to the scalp and roots, reduce hair pigmentation, antifungal activity, reducing the whitening of the hair. The main ingredient which we have used in hair oil is Punica granatum L. leaves. And the leaves extract of Punica granatum is rich in biotin which is very beneficial for our hair. And other efficient herbs we have used like Hibiscus leaves, Curry Leaves (Leaves) coconut oil in the form of Herbal oil using boiling method. These ingredients are rich in various sulphur content,vitamins, proteins, antioxidant and so many other constituents which are important for promoting Hair growth. The main objective of this work is to develop such an herbal hair oil formulation which can resolve the problem related to the hair growth & other hair diseases. The formulated herbal oil was evaluated by using various parameters such as organoleptic properties, specific gravity, stability, viscosity, Acid value, pH etc. and the value obtained from it are found to be similar to that of the standard values like there is no sedimentation, no grittiness and shows satisfying organoleptic properties and the results were determined and are reported in this work.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hair oil, Punica granatum

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Religion is considered as a path which controls social actions by leading the society towards the right path of peace and spirituality. Religion must provide people the guidance, hope and energy to accomplish greater things. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita has been studied and revered for thousands of years. It speaks about the nature of existence, the purpose of life and the ways to achieve inner peace and harmony. In contemporary world order, the teachings of Bhagavad Gita can be applied to various aspects of life as it provides solutions to the problems of the world such as conflicts and wars. The concept as such can be constructed through several paradigms such as conflict resolution, leadership, self-realization, ethics and morality. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita deals with the problem of conflicts and how it can be resolved. It emphasizes the importance of dialogue, negotiation and compromise in resolving conflicts. It also teaches that violence should be the last resort and only used in self-defence. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita offers the teachings in terms of leadership which are relevant to all political leaders as well as the leaders in different fields. It emphasizes the importance of leading by example, by being selfless and working for greater good. It also teaches the importance of wisdom, detachment and equanimity in leadership. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita emphasizes the importance of dharma, which refers to duty or responsibility in life. This texts stresses upon the fulfillment of duty regardless of the circumstances and detachment from the fruits of actions. This can be applied in the contemporary world order where individuals and nations have a responsibility to act in accordance with their respective duties. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita teaches that morality and ethics are not just social constructs but also, intrinsic to human nature. It emphasizes the importance of living moral and ethical life and doing what is right regardless of the consequences. The Bhagavad Gita focuses on attainment of self-realization. In contemporary world, people are increasingly disconnected from their inner selves, in that regard, self-realization can be attained through yoga. Shrimad Bhagavad Gita teaches that the ultimate goal of life is to achieve union with the Divine through the practice of yoga. Yoga takes many forms including meditation, selfless service and devotion to God. By cultivating deeper sense of connection and compassion, individuals and nations can work together to address the pressing challenges faced by the world today including poverty, inequality, climate change and other conflicts. In conclusion, the teachings of Bhagavad Gita are highly relevant for the contemporary world order. Its emphasis on Dharma, Self-knowledge and yoga can help individuals and nations to act in accordance with their true nature and purpose and to contribute for a truly just and peaceful global society. The teachings of Bhagavad Gita can be applied by individuals and nations to create a world that is more aligned with the highest spiritual and ethical principles and promotes the well being of all beings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bhagavad Gita, World order, Conflicts, Leadership, Dharma, Morality, Yoga

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition